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33 results for “seedling development”
Figure 3 in Filtrates from cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia (Fabaceae) affect germination and seedling development differently
Figure 3. Variations (mean ± standard error) of aerial mass (A), root mass (B) and total seedling mass (C) of Copaifera oblongifolia as a function of treatments with inoculation of different species of endophytic fungi. Different letters on the bars indicate statistical variations between treatments (P <0.05) according contrast analysis
Figure 1 in Filtrates from cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia (Fabaceae) affect germination and seedling development differently
Figure 1. Variations (mean ± standard error) of the germination percentage (A) and the time required for germination (B) of Copaifera oblongifolia seeds as a function of treatments with inoculation of different species of endophytic fungi. Different letters on the bars indicate statistical variations between treatments (P <0.05) according contrast analysis.
Figure 4 in Filtrates from cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia (Fabaceae) affect germination and seedling development differently
Figure 4. The relationship between aerial mass (A), root mass (B) and total seedling mass (C) with seed mass of Copaifera oblongifolia.
◂Fig. 6 Gynoecial development, fruit and seedling of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–F light microscopy, G–K stereo microscopy of endocarp, mesocarp removed; L–O field images; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and strongly stained, peripheral tissue). C, D TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). E Young fruit %note developing endocarp and flashily pink portions of the mesocarp). F TS of postanthetic flower %note three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). G TS of endocarp, with three developed embryos removed %note scanty endosperm). H Endocarp. J TS of endocarp. K Endocarp. L Immature fruits. M Mature fruits. N Seedlings %note short hypocotyl and long petioles of cotyledons). O Seedlings %note long hypocotyl and short petioles of cotyledons; image taken from cultivated plant, accession number 2012–0005, in the Botanical Garden Munich) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; ao, abortive ovule; cot, cotyledon; db, dorsal bundle; c, calyx; ec, endocarp; ens, endosperm; ex, exocarp; fr, fruit; h, hypocotyl; int, integument; lb, lateral bundle; mc, mesocarp; o, ovule; pet, petiolus; sty, style; ut, peripheral tissue; vs, ventral slit) in Observations on flower and fruit anatomy in dioecious species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with evolutionary interpretations
◂Fig. 6 Gynoecial development, fruit and seedling of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–F light microscopy, G–K stereo microscopy of endocarp, mesocarp removed; L–O field images; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and strongly stained, peripheral tissue). C, D TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). E Young fruit %note developing endocarp and flashily pink portions of the mesocarp). F TS of postanthetic flower %note three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). G TS of endocarp, with three developed embryos removed %note scanty endosperm). H Endocarp. J TS of endocarp. K Endocarp. L Immature fruits. M Mature fruits. N Seedlings %note short hypocotyl and long petioles of cotyledons). O Seedlings %note long hypocotyl and short petioles of cotyledons; image taken from cultivated plant, accession number 2012–0005, in the Botanical Garden Munich) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; ao, abortive ovule; cot, cotyledon; db, dorsal bundle; c, calyx; ec, endocarp; ens, endosperm; ex, exocarp; fr, fruit; h, hypocotyl; int, integument; lb, lateral bundle; mc, mesocarp; o, ovule; pet, petiolus; sty, style; ut, peripheral tissue; vs, ventral slit)
Tree regeneration after fire: Delta 1994 burn surveys, data to develop allometric equations re. seedling height or diameter to dry biomass
Data for this study were collected in 2001 and 2002 by Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks) and Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland). Sites were located within the perimeter of the 1994 burn southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West. Sites were selected from satellite classifications prepared by Eric Kasischke to represent different levels of burn severity and post-fire vegetation canopy greenness (NDVI). Site selection was constrained by road access, and only areas where all trees had been killed by the fire were selected. At each site, a central point was located in an area of visually homogeneous vegetation. Five parallel transects, each 50 m long, were laid out as follows: 1) the first transect started at the central point and followed a randomly-selected compass direction, 2) two additional transects were established parallel to the first, but at a random distance from the central transect up to 25 m distant. Vegetation was sampled in a 2-m wide belt centered on each transect, and soil samples were made at intervals along the transect line. Vegetation measurements included: a) basal diameters of all pre-fire trees greater than 1.3 m in height, b) counts of all post-fire tree seedlings, and c) basal diameters of tree seedlings and willows, measured in a randomly chosen 5x2 m portion of each transect. General notes were made on visual percent cover of different vegetation growth forms at the site. Destructive measurements of tree seedlings and willows made in 2001 were used to develop allometric equations to predict dry biomass from basal diameter. Measurements of soil organic layer depth were made at 5 m intervals with the use of a spade to excavate small chunks of sod. At one randomly-selected sample point per transect, a 10x10 cm sample of the organic layer was collected for bulk density measurements. Bulk density samples were dried in a 60degC oven for 48 hours and then w
Interfering with neighbouring communities: allelopathy astray in the tundra delays seedling development
<p>1. Altered species composition caused by environmental and climatic change can affect the transfer of plant residues among communities. Whereas transferred residues are typically considered a resource in recipient systems, residues of allelopathic species may instead cause interference.</p> <p>2. Evergreen dwarf shrubs, specifically the allelopathic species Empetrum nigrum are increasing in abundance in response to a warming climate. Empetrum has small, evergreen leaves that can be transferred to other communities when withered and lost from the plant.</p> <p>3. We hypothesize that Empetrum can have allelopathic effects in the recipient communities of the withered leaves. We call this allochthonous allelopathy as opposed to autochthonous allelopathy, which is well documented in communities where it grows.</p> <p>4. We measured influx of allochthonous Empetrum leaves onto snow-covered snowbeds, where they are easily identified within the debris. Next, we compared the bioactivity of allochthonous withered leaves with that of green Empetrum leaves. Finally, we conducted an experiment testing the germination and seedling growth of ten tundra species in snowbed soil supplemented with no (control) and three densities of allochthonous Empetrum leaves.</p> <p>5. We found Empetrum leaves to be common on the snow cover of snowbeds. We found Empetrum leaves collected on snowbeds to be as bioactive as green leaves. Finally, we found forb species to have reduced germination and all ten species to have delayed seedling development when growing in snowbed soil supplemented with withered Empetrum leaves. Seedlings under the control treatment were 2.3 times longer and had 3.2 times more leaves in comparison to seedlings grown under the strongest allochthonous leaf treatment.</p> <p>6. Results from our study imply that Empetrum is allelopathic in recipient systems of its allochthonous leaves. The abundant nature of Empetrum in the tundra, suggests that allochthonous allelopathy is a common phenomenon, causing biotic stress in snowbeds and potentially other parts of the tundra. Exemplifying the ability of a plant to interfere in neighbouring communities, our study demonstrates a plant trait that may provide insight to other study systems.</p>
Interfering with neighbouring communities: allelopathy astray in the tundra delays seedling development
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Data from: Developing extruded seed pellets to overcome soil hydrophobicity and seedling emergence barriers
<p>Globally soil water repellency is a major constraint to plant establishment, restricting water infiltration and moisture retention in the seed zone, resulting in poor germination and seedling emergence.</p> <p>To address this problem within an ecosystem restoration context, we investigated the use of a surfactant in extruded seed pellets to improve native plant recruitment in water repellent topsoils of two proteaceous woodland species, <i>Banksia menziesii </i>R.Br (glasshouse trial) and <i>Lambertia inermis </i>R.Br (field trial). In this two-part study, we first examined <i>B. menziesii </i>seedling performance in detail under glasshouse conditions for differences in survival between the extruded pelleting formulations after an induced drought at 12 weeks.</p> <p>We demonstrated that there was no difference in seedling emergence, amongst control seed and pellet treatments in <i>B. menziesii</i>. Initially <i>B. menziesii </i>seedlings emerged faster in the control treatment (non-pelleted control seeds) and had greater initial plant growth (leaf and root production), however by week 12, seedlings generated from pellets were not significantly different from the control seeds, and pellets + surfactant had the greatest number of leaf establishment.</p> <p>Survival after drought of <i>B. menziesii </i>seedlings ranged from 14 to 31 days with pellet + surfactant surviving approximately 2.6 days (11.8%) longer than the control seeds. For the second species, <i>L. inermis</i>,<i> </i>seedling emergence under field conditions was approximately 24% greater in seedlings derived from extruded pellets, however there was no difference in overall survival due to post-emergence predation.</p> <p>This study provides a proof of concept that seedling emergence in water repellent soils can be enhanced with extruded pellets containing surfactants. Our demonstration under <i>in situ</i> and <i>ex situ</i> conditions confirms the prospective use of seed enhancement technologies with future development and field-testing warranted.</p>
Data from: Specificity of fungal associations of Pyroleae and Monotropa hypopitys during germination and seedling development
Mycoheterotrophic plants obtain organic carbon from associated mycorrhizal fungi, fully or partially. Angiosperms with this form of nutrition possess exceptionally small 'dust seeds' which after germination develop 'seedlings' that remain subterranean for several years, fully dependent on fungi for supply of carbon. Mycoheterotrophs which as adults have photosynthesis thus develop from full to partial mycoheterotrophy, or autotrophy, during ontogeny. Mycoheterotrophic plants may represent a gradient of variation in a parasitism-mutualism continuum, both among and within species. Previous studies on plant-fungal associations in mycoheterotrophs have focused on either germination or the adult life stages of the plant. Much less is known about the fungal associations during development of the subterranean seedlings. We investigated germination and seedling development and the diversity of fungi associated with germinating seeds and subterranean seedlings (juveniles) in five Monotropoideae (Ericaceae) species, the full mycoheterotroph Monotropa hypopitys and the putatively partial mycoheterotrophs Pyrola chlorantha, P. rotundifolia, Moneses uniflora and Chimaphila umbellata. Seedlings retrieved from seed sowing experiments in the field were used to examine diversity of fungal associates, using pyrosequencing analysis of ITS2 region for fungal identification. The investigated species varied with regard to germination, seedling development and diversity of associated fungi during juvenile ontogeny. Results suggest that fungal host specificity increases during juvenile ontogeny, most pronounced in the fully mycoheterotrophic species, but a narrowing of fungal associates was found also in two partially mycoheterotrophic species. We suggest that variation in specificity of associated fungi during seedling ontogeny in mycoheterotrophs represents ongoing evolution along a parasitism-mutualism continuum.
FIGURE. Seedlings, seeds, embryos, anthers, and pollen in Dicorynia. A–D. Different stages of development in seedlings of D. paraensis, First eophiles unifoliolate and opposite; E–G. Seed of D. guianensis: E. External surface; F. Endosperm of the longitudinally sectioned seed, note the slightly gelatinous upper region; G. Cotyledon and embryo of longitudinally sectioned seed; H. SEM of seed's testa in D. paraensis; I. SEM of endosperm's surface in D. guianensis (notice the presence of circular perforations); J–K. SEM of the hypocotyl-radicular axis of the seed in D. guianensis and D. paraensis; L. SEM of seed's testa in D. guianensis; M–N. SEM of plumule region in embryo of D. guianensis and D. paraensis (note the developed leaf primordia); O. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. paraensis, showing 4 sporangia and two pores covered by an apicle; P. Apex of anther in shorter stamen of D. guianensis, at least 9 sporangia; Q. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. guianensis, 8 sporangia; R. Pollen grains in D. paraensis. A–D: Falcão, M.J. 91; E–G, I–J, L–M: Gentry 63030; H, K, N: Berry, P.E. 7460; O: Amaral, E. 618; P, Q: Unknown collector MO1576407; Scale bar. A–D: 2cm; E–G: 3mm; H–L: 1mm; M–N: 100 μm; O-Q: 200μm; R: 5 μm. in A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)
FIGURE. Seedlings, seeds, embryos, anthers, and pollen in Dicorynia. A–D. Different stages of development in seedlings of D. paraensis, First eophiles unifoliolate and opposite; E–G. Seed of D. guianensis: E. External surface; F. Endosperm of the longitudinally sectioned seed, note the slightly gelatinous upper region; G. Cotyledon and embryo of longitudinally sectioned seed; H. SEM of seed's testa in D. paraensis; I. SEM of endosperm's surface in D. guianensis (notice the presence of circular perforations); J–K. SEM of the hypocotyl-radicular axis of the seed in D. guianensis and D. paraensis; L. SEM of seed's testa in D. guianensis; M–N. SEM of plumule region in embryo of D. guianensis and D. paraensis (note the developed leaf primordia); O. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. paraensis, showing 4 sporangia and two pores covered by an apicle; P. Apex of anther in shorter stamen of D. guianensis, at least 9 sporangia; Q. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. guianensis, 8 sporangia; R. Pollen grains in D. paraensis. A–D: Falcão, M.J. 91; E–G, I–J, L–M: Gentry 63030; H, K, N: Berry, P.E. 7460; O: Amaral, E. 618; P, Q: Unknown collector MO1576407; Scale bar. A–D: 2cm; E–G: 3mm; H–L: 1mm; M–N: 100 μm; O-Q: 200μm; R: 5 μm.
Data from: Accelerating seed germination and seedling development of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) through hydro-priming
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Data from: Developing extruded seed pellets to overcome soil hydrophobicity and seedling emergence barriers
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Specificity of fungal associations of Pyroleae and Monotropa hypopitys during germination and seedling development
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Supplementary material 5 from: Doycheva I (2022) Influence of proline and methyl jasmonate priming on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Chelidonium majus L. In: Chankova S, Peneva V, Metcheva R, Beltcheva M, Vassilev K, Radeva G, Danova K (Eds) Current trends of ecology. BioRisk 17: 227-240. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77465
Figure S5
Supplementary material 6 from: Doycheva I (2022) Influence of proline and methyl jasmonate priming on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Chelidonium majus L. In: Chankova S, Peneva V, Metcheva R, Beltcheva M, Vassilev K, Radeva G, Danova K (Eds) Current trends of ecology. BioRisk 17: 227-240. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77465
Figure S6
Supplementary material 1 from: Doycheva I (2022) Influence of proline and methyl jasmonate priming on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Chelidonium majus L. In: Chankova S, Peneva V, Metcheva R, Beltcheva M, Vassilev K, Radeva G, Danova K (Eds) Current trends of ecology. BioRisk 17: 227-240. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77465
Figure S1
Supplementary material 3 from: Doycheva I (2022) Influence of proline and methyl jasmonate priming on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Chelidonium majus L. In: Chankova S, Peneva V, Metcheva R, Beltcheva M, Vassilev K, Radeva G, Danova K (Eds) Current trends of ecology. BioRisk 17: 227-240. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77465
Figure S3
Supplementary material 2 from: Doycheva I (2022) Influence of proline and methyl jasmonate priming on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Chelidonium majus L. In: Chankova S, Peneva V, Metcheva R, Beltcheva M, Vassilev K, Radeva G, Danova K (Eds) Current trends of ecology. BioRisk 17: 227-240. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77465
Figure S2
Supplementary material 4 from: Doycheva I (2022) Influence of proline and methyl jasmonate priming on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Chelidonium majus L. In: Chankova S, Peneva V, Metcheva R, Beltcheva M, Vassilev K, Radeva G, Danova K (Eds) Current trends of ecology. BioRisk 17: 227-240. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77465
Figure S4
Figure 2 in Filtrates from cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia (Fabaceae) affect germination and seedling development differently
Figure 2. Variations (mean ± standard error) of seedling survival (A) and its relationship with seed mass (B) of Copaifera oblongifolia as a function of treatments with inoculation of different species of endophytic fungi. Different letters on the bars indicate statistical variations between treatments (P <0.05) according contrast analysis
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