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12 results for “sequence of extinction”
FIGURE 1 in First record of extinct Paraconularia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) from Tethyan sequence (Upper Permian) of Spiti valley, Himachal Himalaya, India
FIGURE 1. Geological map of the Pin River valley, Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, India, showing location of the fossil specimen demarcated by star.
FIGURE 3. 1 in First record of extinct Paraconularia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) from Tethyan sequence (Upper Permian) of Spiti valley, Himachal Himalaya, India
FIGURE 3. 1, Paraconularia embedded in the Micaceous siltstone of the lower part of Gungri Formation, Guling village. 2, Upper Nodular Black Shale Member of the Gungri Formation. 3, Permian-Triassic boundary, Guling village. 4, Ammonite bearing Triassic limestone of Mikin Formation, opposite to Guling village.
FIGURE 4 in First record of extinct Paraconularia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) from Tethyan sequence (Upper Permian) of Spiti valley, Himachal Himalaya, India
FIGURE 4. Paraconularia sp. embedded in the micaceous siltstone of the Gungri Formation. 1, View of single face. 2, Close-up view showing well-developed nodes on facial ridge (transverse rib) and interspace. 3, Apertural side showing widely spaced facial ridges, which alternately arranged either side of the midline. 4, Close-up view of the apertural side showing nodes on facial ridge.
Data from: Evolutionary and phylogenetic insights from a nuclear genome sequence of the extinct, giant subfossil koala lemur Megaladapis edwardsi
<p><span>No endemic Madagascar animal with body mass >10 kg survived a relatively recent wave of extinction on the island. From morphological and isotopic analyses of skeletal 'subfossil' remains we can reconstruct some of the biology and behavioral ecology of giant lemurs (primates; up to ~160 kg), elephant birds (up to ~860 kg), and other extraordinary Malagasy megafauna that survived well into the past millennium. Yet much about the evolutionary biology of these now extinct species remains unknown, along with persistent phylogenetic uncertainty in some cases. Thankfully, despite the challenges of DNA preservation in tropical and sub-tropical environments, technical advances have enabled the recovery of ancient DNA from some Malagasy subfossil specimens. Here we present a nuclear genome sequence (~2X coverage) for one of the largest extinct lemurs, the koala lemur <i>Megaladapis edwardsi </i>(~85kg). To support the testing of key phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses we also generated new high-coverage complete nuclear genomes for two extant lemur species, <i>Eulemur rufifrons</i> and <i>Lepilemur mustelinus</i>, and we aligned these sequences with previously published genomes for three other extant lemur species and 47 non-lemur vertebrates. Our phylogenetic results confirm that <i>Megaladapis</i> is most closely related to the extant Lemuridae (typified in our analysis by <i>E. rufifrons</i>) to the exclusion of <i>L. mustelinus</i>, which contradicts morphology-based phylogenies. Our evolutionary analyses identified significant convergent evolution between <i>M. edwardsi</i> and extant folivorous primates (colobine monkeys) and ungulate herbivores (horses) in genes encoding protein products that function in the biodegradation of plant toxins and nutrient absorption. These results suggest that koala lemurs were highly adapted to a leaf-based diet, which may also explain their convergent craniodental morphology with the small-bodied folivore <i>Lepilemur</i>.</span></p>
Data from: Evolutionary and phylogenetic insights from a nuclear genome sequence of the extinct, giant subfossil koala lemur Megaladapis edwardsi
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FIGURE 1 in A partial cpDNA trnL sequence from the extinct legume Streblorrhiza speciosa confirms its placement in the tribe Coluteae (Fabaceae)
FIGURE 1. Bayesian maximum clade credibility tree showing the relationship of Streblorrhiza to other members of the tribe Coluteae. Posterior probability values are indicated above the branches.
Figure 2 in Mitochondrial sequences of the extinct Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus confirm its phylogenetic placement
Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships among the extinct Hippopotamus minor and the two extant hippopotami based on the completeMT dataset and the Bayesian inference BEAST method. Neoceti was used as an outgroup to root the tree. The red asterisk indicates the calibration point of the BEAST analysis. Numbers next to the nodes correspond to the estimated divergence times. Numbers on the branches (within brackets) are bootstrap values for the maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining methods and posterior probabilities for the Bayesian inference (BI and BEAST) methods. The embedded photograph shows one of the Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus petrous bones that was sampled to generate the mitogenomic data used in the phylogenetic analyses. Photo credit: Nikolaos Psonis.
Figure 1 in Mitochondrial sequences of the extinct Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus confirm its phylogenetic placement
Figure 1. Map of Cyprus with Hippopotamus fossil sites (black dots), modified from Nicolaou et al. (2020). Aetokremnos is located at the southern part of the island (red dot). The small rock shelter is depicted in the embedded photograph. Photo credit: Christos Christophides.
Lactose operon sequences from: Nature reserves suppress evolutionary rescue from extinction
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Population genetics context of ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo
GEO Series GSE22494. Homo sapiens. 169 samples. Type: Genome variation profiling by SNP array; SNP genotyping by SNP array.
Data from: Ontogenetic sequence reconstruction and sequence polymorphism in extinct taxa: an example using early tetrapods (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli)
Ontogenetic sequence reconstruction is challenging particularly for extinct taxa because of when, where, and how fossils preserve. Different methods of reconstruction exist, but the effects of preservational bias, the applicability of size-independent methods, and the prevalence of sequence polymorphism (intraspecific variation) remain unexplored for paleontological data. Here I compare five different methods of ontogenetic sequence reconstruction and their effects on the detection of sequence polymorphism, using a large collection of the extinct vertebrates Microbrachis pelikani and Hyloplesion longicostatum. The postcranial ossification sequences presented here for those taxa are the first examples known for extinct lepospondyls. Sequences were reconstructed according to skull length, trunk length, increasing number of ontogenetic events, majority-rule consensus, and Ontogenetic Sequence Analysis (OSA). Results generally were in agreement, demonstrating that paleontological data may be used to robustly reconstruct developmental patterns. When reconstructing sequences based on fossils, size-based methods and OSA are more objective and less dependent on preservational bias than other techniques. Apart from the other methods, OSA also allows for statistical analysis of observed and predicted polymorphism. However, OSA requires a large sample size to yield meaningful results, and size-based methods are justified in paleontological studies when sample size is limited by poor preservation. Different methods of reconstruction detected different patterns of sequence polymorphism, although across all methods the magnitude of sequence variation for M. pelikani and H. longicostatum (1.3−3.4%) was within the lower range of values reported for extant vertebrates. Compared with other extinct and extant tetrapods, all sequence reconstruction methods consistently showed that M. pelikani and H. longicostatum exhibit advanced ossification of the pubis and delayed ossification of the scapula. However, the postcranial ossification sequences of these two taxa largely are congruent with those of other tetrapods, suggesting an underlying conservative ancestral pattern that evolved early in tetrapod history.
Data from: Ontogenetic sequence reconstruction and sequence polymorphism in extinct taxa: an example using early tetrapods (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli)
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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