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303 results for “sex ratio”
Data and code from "No evidence of sex ratio manipulation by black-throated blue warblers in response to food availability" Kaiser et al. 2023 Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
This dataset is published in support of "No evidence of sex ratio manipulation by black-throated blue warblers in response to food availability" by Kaiser et al. 2023 in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Data and code to test the assumptions and key predictions of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, which proposes that females produce more sons or daughters depending on food availability, in the black-throated blue warbler at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, 2007-2012. Datasets support analyses of sex ratio bias at both the nest and nestling levels. Data tables support the comparison of the ratio of variances in the scaled pre-fledging mass of male and female nestlings using an F test and reproduction of Figures 2a and 2b. Figures are those used in the published manuscript. Code supports the calculation of offspring sex ratio bias at the population level, and considering separately both low- and high-quality habitats, using the Neuhäuser test, statistical models testing the assumptions of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, effects of food availability and parental provisioning on offspring sex ratio, and effects of food availability on pre-fledging nestling mass of sons and daughters, and a power analysis to determine the power to detect an effect of food supplementation on sex ratio. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Plotting sex differences in genetics of waist-hip ratio
<p>For plotting results of genome-wide association study results on waist-hip ratio, originally by Shungin et al 2015 doi: 10.1038/nature14132, to be used in a commissioned review article for eLS http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ , to be published soon, and currently available as an unreviewed, un-edited pre-print on bioarxiv http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/063651</p>
Male biased sex ratio in the offspring of roe deer
<p>The file "metafor_roe_sex.csv" was used for the meta-analysis regarding the sex ratio of roe deer juveniles. It contains the columns: </p> <p>Author (author(s) of the publication, Country (country were the study was publised), Location (specific location, in case that the data set contains several different locations the term "divers" is used), Year (year(s) were the sex of roe deer offspring were documented), Pub-Year (Year of publication) , N (number of offspring), N_female (number of female offspring), Sex ratio (primary - P or secondary - S sex ratio), Habitat conditions (F - free ranging, I - Island conditions, C - captive), Proportion female (proportion of female juveniles), Low_95 (lower boundary for the proportion of females using an exact binomial test with a 95% confidence interval), High_95 (upper boundary for the proportion of females using an exact binomial test with a 95% confidence interval), d (effect size), d_se (standard error of the effect size), North (Latitude), East (Longitude)</p> <p>The file "sex_bw.csv" contains information about roe deer juveniles tacked in Baden-Württemberg. The columns read as: Year (year were the juvenile was tacked), sex (the sex of the juvenile, m- male; f- female), and Hasl (elevation in m)</p> <p>The file "temp_data_comma_sep.csv" contains the montly mean values for temperature (Temp) and precipitation (NDS) for the months January, February, March, ..., December for the German federal state Baden-Württemberg (Source German Weather Service).</p> <p>All data sets were used for analysis presented in: Evidence for a male-biased sex ratio in the offspring of a large herbivore: the role of environmental conditions in the sex ratio variation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and behavioral plasticity in response to perceived competitive environment independently affect calling effort in male crickets
<p>The operational sex ratio (OSR) is a key component influencing the magnitude of sexual selection driving the evolution of male sexual traits, but males often also retain the ability to plastically modulate trait expression depending on the current environment. Here we employed an experimental evolution approach to determine whether the OSR affects the evolution of male calling effort in decorated crickets, a costly sexual trait, and whether plasticity in calling effort is altered by the OSR under which males have evolved. Calling effort of males from two selection regimes maintained at different OSRs over 18–20 generations (male- versus female-biased) was recorded at two different levels of perceived competition, in the absence of rivals or in the presence of an experimentally muted competitor. The effect of the OSR on the evolution of male calling effort was modest and in the opposite direction predicted by theory. Instead, the immediate competitive environment strongly influenced male calling effort as males called more in the presence of a rival, revealing considerable plasticity in this trait. This increased calling effort came at a cost, however, as males confined with a muted rival experienced significantly higher mortality.</p>
Fig. 5 in Seasonal changes in the gonadossomatic index, allometric condition factor and sex ratio of an auchenipterid catfish from eastern Amazonia
Fig. 5. Bimonthly variation in the raw data (a,c) and mean values (b, d) for the condition factor (K) in juvenile (a, b) and adult (c, d) male of the Auchenipterichthys longimanus collected from July 2008 to July 2009 in the Caxiuanã National Forest.
Fig. 1 in Seasonal changes in the gonadossomatic index, allometric condition factor and sex ratio of an auchenipterid catfish from eastern Amazonia
Fig. 1. Sampling area in the National Forest of Caxiuanã, Pará State, showing the rivers where the fish were collected. Curuá River - Ferreira Penna Research Station (ECFPn), Caxiuanã River; Puraquequara River and Caquajó River. Some black spots represent more than one collection site.
Fig. 4 in Seasonal changes in the gonadossomatic index, allometric condition factor and sex ratio of an auchenipterid catfish from eastern Amazonia
Fig. 4. Bimonthly variation in the raw data (a,c) and mean values (b, d) of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) for female (a, b) and male (c, d) of the catfish Auchenipterichthys longimanus collected from July 2008 to July 2009 in the Caxiuanã National Forest.
Data belonging to the article: Estimating pre-harvest density, adult sex ratio and fecundity of white-tailed deer using wildlife cameras
<p>Adult sex ratio and fecundity (juveniles per female) are key population parameters in sustainable wildlife management, but inferring these requires abundance estimates of at least three age/sex classes of the population (male and female adults and juveniles). Prior to harvest, we used an array of 36 wildlife camera traps during 2 and 3 weeks in the early autumn of 2016 and 2017 respectively. We recorded white-tailed deer adult males, adult females and fawns from the pictures. Simultaneously, we collected fecal DNA (fDNA) from 92 20mx20m plots placed in 23 clusters of four plots between the camera traps. We identified individuals from fDNA samples with microsatellite markers and estimated the total sex ratio and population density using Spatial Capture Recapture (SCR). The fDNA-SCR analysis concluded equal sex ratio in the first year and female bias in the second year, and no difference in space use between sexes (fawns and adults combined). Camera information was analyzed in a Spatial Capture (SC) framework assuming an informative prior for animals' space use, either (1) as estimated by fDNA-SCR (same for all age/sex classes), (2) as assumed from the literature (space use of adult males larger than adult females and fawns), (3) by inferring adult male space use from individually-identified males from the camera pictures. These various SC approaches produced plausible inferences on fecundity, but also inferred total density to be lower than the estimate provided by fDNA-SCR in one of the study years. SC approaches where adult male and female were allowed to differ in their space use suggested the population had a female-biased adult sex ratio. In conclusion, SC approaches allowed estimating the pre-harvest population parameters of interest and provided conservative density estimates.</p>
Data from: Female-biased population sex ratios caused by genetic rather than ecological mechanisms in dwarf willow (Salix herbacea L.)
<p>Biased sex ratios among reproductive individuals are common in plants, but the underlying mechanisms, as well as the evolutionary consequences, are not well understood. The classical theory of Düsing and Fisher predicts an equal primary sex ratio at seed production, based on the selective advantage of the rare sex. Biased sex ratios among reproductive plants can arise from sexual dimorphism in survival and flowering. Sex ratio biases can also be present from the seed stage; in these cases, assumptions of Düsing's and Fisher's theory, for example, random mating or demographic equilibrium, are thought to be violated.</p> <p>We investigated mechanisms leading to female-biased sex ratios in the arctic-alpine dwarf willow <em>Salix herbacea</em> L. We studied sex ratios in three natural populations over three years as well as in 29 crosses (full-sib families) under controlled conditions over four growth periods. We tested whether sex ratio was associated with habitat parameters (elevation and snowmelt time), or with germination, survival or flowering, and whether females and males differed in size or flowering that may cause observation bias.</p> <p>We detected a strong and consistent female bias, both in natural populations (sex ratio [proportion of females]: 0.71-0.82) and in our controlled experiment (overall sex ratio: 0.70-0-72). Female bias became more pronounced with increasing elevation. Our data did not support sexual dimorphism in size or flowering. Family sex ratios varied largely (from 0.25 to 1), including many female-biased families, unbiased families and two male-biased families. Families with lower germination, seedling establishment, survival or flowering did not have stronger female bias, indicating that intrinsically higher survival or flowering in females does not explain overall female bias. </p> <p>Synthesis: Our results suggest that sex ratio bias in <em>S. herbacea</em> is already present in seeds and does not arise through intrinsic differences between sexes. Candidate mechanisms that can lead to both overall female bias and variation in sex ratio among families are meiotic drive or cyto-nuclear interactions. The pioneer habit of <em>Salix</em> may lead to non-equilibrium population dynamics that allow for the long-term persistence of variable genetic sex ratio distortion systems that arise from genetic conflict.</p>
FIG. 5 in Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species
FIG. 5. — The sex ratio in mixed population at locality Zhůří 1. Unbordered pie charts refer to clade 1, bordered ones represent clade 2. The patch in the larger circle contained plants of both clades, so this patch must be excluded from evaluating sex ratio in separated clades.
FIG. 3 in Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species
FIG. 3. — Rates of male (blue), female (red) and non-expressing (green) plants at studied localities of Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs clade 1 and 2.
FIG. 2 in Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species
FIG. 2. — The expressed sex ratio at studied localities of H. vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs. In mixed populations,only single-clade patches were used for the assessment.
FIG. 4 in Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species
FIG. 4.— Sex ratio at localities with co-occurring cryptic species. All, without distinguished clades; cl. 1, clade 1; cl. 2, clade 2; Šimanov, Šimanovské rašeliniště. Only barcoded shoots were used to create this graph.
FIG. 1 in Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species
FIG. 1.— The sex expression of Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs in the Czech Republic at individual localities assessed at two levels of pooling hierarchy ("shoots at localities" and "patches at localities").
Fig. 1 in Preliminary data on adult sex-ratio in Phyllognathus excavatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in central Italy
Fig. 1. Daily sex-ratio variations of adult Phyllognathus excavatus (Forster, 1771) in Lavinio, central Italy. For statistical details, see the text. Sample sizes: July 21 = 16, July 22 = 22, July 23 = 4, July 26 = 6, July 27 = 0, August 9-10 = 0, September 5 = 5 (two outside the transects)
Figs 3–4. 3 in Seasonal Changes In The Sex Ratio Of Nyctalus Species In North-East Hungary
Figs 3–4. 3 = The numbers of males and females of N. lasiopterus grouped into 15 day periods. 4 = Sex ratios of N. leisleri in different parts of Europe [source: 1 (HELVERSEN & WEID); 2 (GAISLER 1975); 3 (HEISE 1982); 4 (LICHACEV 1980); 5 (ABELENCEV et al. 1956) in BOGDANOWICZ & RUPRECHT 2004]
Figure 7 in Sex ratio, oocyte development and spawning season of Mediterranean moray eel (Muraena helena) from the northern coast of Tunisia
Figure 7. – Section of gonad, illustrating the spawning capable reproductive phase of ovary (CA = cortical alveolar oocyte; Vtg3 = tertiary vitellogenic oocyte).
Figure 5 in Sex ratio, oocyte development and spawning season of Mediterranean moray eel (Muraena helena) from the northern coast of Tunisia
Figure 5. – Section of gonad, illustrating the immature phase of ovary (PG = primary growth oocyte; OW = ovarian wall).
Figure 2 in Sex ratio, oocyte development and spawning season of Mediterranean moray eel (Muraena helena) from the northern coast of Tunisia
Figure 2. Seasonal variation of the gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and relative condition factor (CF) of Muraena helena from the northern coast of Tunisia. Bars are mean values (± 2 standard errors).
Fig. 5 in Flight patterns and sex ratio of beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae)
Fig. 5. Spearman correlation between sex ratio and rainfall of: (A) Cyclocephala distincta; (B) C. paraguayensis; (C) Tomarus ebenus; (D) L. (Ligyrus) cuniculus.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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