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18 results for “sex-role reversal”
Data from: Variation in nuptial colour in relation to sex, individual quality and mating success in the sex-role reversed red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius)
<p>In most bird species, males are more ornamented and compete for females, who contribute more to offspring care. In a minority of species this pattern is reversed, with more colourful females competing for mates and males taking care of parental duties. In such sex-role reversed species, the links between colourful ornamentation, individual quality and mating success are not well established. The red phalarope (<em>Phalaropus fulicarius</em>) is a colourful sex-role reversed migratory shorebird with regular social polyandry, in which both sexes show considerable colour variation. Here, we describe sex differences in colour and quantify associations between colour variation and indicators of quality and mating success in both sexes. Using a large sample of photos collected across three consecutive years on the Arctic breeding grounds, we scored colour variation for four body parts (bill, crown, cheek and breast), and analysed scores separately and combined into an overall colour score. Females were more colourful and larger than males, and individuals could be unambiguously sexed by crown colour. Nevertheless, there was substantial variation within sexes and some overlap between males and females in bill, cheek, breast, and overall colour scores. Assortative mating by colour was only found for the bill. Colour variation did not correlate with plasma testosterone levels, except for male cheek colour. Females in better body condition had yellower bills and higher overall colour scores, while early-arriving birds had higher breast and overall scores. Phalaropes that bred locally were heavier than those that did not, but they did not have higher colour scores. Female colour variation did not predict the probability of local social polyandry nor variation in clutch size, and male coloration did not predict the probability of nest predation. In conclusion, phalarope colour variation showed modest correlations with individual quality and was unrelated to variation in local reproductive success. </p>
Data from: Variation in nuptial colour in relation to sex, individual quality and mating success in the sex-role reversed red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius)
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Data from: Differential introgression of a female competitive trait in a hybrid zone between sex-role reversed species
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Data from: Female ornamentation and the fecundity trade-off in a sex-role reversed pipefish
Sexual ornaments found only in females are a rare occurrence in nature. One explanation for this is that female ornaments are costly to produce and maintain and, therefore, females must trade-off resources related to reproduction to promote ornament expression. Here, we investigate whether a trade-off exists between female ornamentation and fecundity in the sex-role reversed, wide-bodied pipefish, Stigmatopora nigra. We measured two components of the disk-shaped, ventral-striped female ornament, body width and stripe thickness. After controlling for the influence of body size, we found no evidence of a cost of belly width or stripe thickness on female fecundity. Rather, females that have larger ornaments have higher fecundity and thus accurately advertise their reproductive value to males without incurring a cost to fecundity. We also investigated the relationship between female body size and egg size and found that larger females suffered a slight decrease in egg size and fecundity, although this decrease was independent of female ornamentation. More broadly, considered in light of similar findings in other taxa, lack of an apparent fecundity cost of ornamentation in female pipefish underscores the need to revisit theoretical assumptions concerning the evolution of female ornamentation.
Figure 4 in Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal
Figure 4. Climbing behaviour of the tadpoles of L. palavanensis. (a) The male stimulates hatching by touching the eggs with its chin and fingers. (b) The male positions himself on top of the eggs and twitches his abdomen and fingers. (c) He steps on the eggs, breaking the egg capsule and separating them. (d) The first tadpole starts climbing (indicated by the arrow). The male sits on top of the now free tadpoles and waits for them to climb. (e) The male starts to turn around while the tadpoles wriggle onto his back. After every turn he remains still for a few seconds while the tadpoles climb. (f) The tadpoles move around and rearrange themselves while the last tadpole makes it to the top.
Figure 2 in Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal
Figure 2. Abandoned clutch of Limnonectes palavanensis. (a) Abandoned clutch of 14 eggs; note the formation of the animal pole (darkened area). (b) The clutch continued its normal development (7 days old). Two eggs did not develop (yellow arrows) and one egg stopped developing after day five (black arrow). The tadpoles hatched on their own after nine days.
Figure 3 in Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal
Figure 3. Embryonic development of the eggs of L. palavanensis. (a) The vegetal pole differentiates from the animal pole 24 h after fertilisation. (b) Neural folds develop, Gosner stage 15 (3 days old). (c) The head forms and the tail elongates around the yolk sac, Gosner stages 18–19 (4 days old). (d) Eyes become apparent and external gills are visible, Gosner stages 21–22 (6 days old). (e) The tadpoles are now sensitive to light, the eyes are completely formed and the gills are not visible anymore, Gosner stages 24–25 (9 days old). (f) The tadpoles are ready to hatch (10 days old).
Figure 1 in Sexual dimorphism in chelicerae, forelegs and palpal traits in two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) with sex-role reversal
Figure 1. Dimorphism in chelicerae pigmentation (frontal views). Males (A, C) show darker pigmentation than females (B, D) in both species: Allocosa brasiliensis (above) and Allocosa alticeps (below).
Figure 3 in Sexual dimorphism in chelicerae, forelegs and palpal traits in two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) with sex-role reversal
Figure 3. Palpal tarsi (lateral views) of Aglaoctenus lagotis (A,B) and Schizocosa malitiosa (C,D), showing female claws (A,C), and male palpal tarsus without claws or specialized structures on distal position (B,D).
Figure 2 in Sexual dimorphism in chelicerae, forelegs and palpal traits in two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) with sex-role reversal
Figure 2. Palpal claws (lateral views) (A) female of Allocosa alticeps; (B) juvenile of Allocosa alticeps; and apical modifications of palpal tarsi (C) adult male of Allocosa brasiliensis (ventrolateral view); (D) adult male of Allocosa brasiliensis (dorsal view); (E) penultimate male of Allocosa brasiliensis (ventrolateral view); (F) penultimate male of Allocosa brasiliensis (dorsal view).
Unexpected degrees of male courtship in a highly sexually dimorphic sex-role reversed species: raw data
<p>This repository contains the behavioural data collected from video recordings of 10 mesocosms containing *S. nigra* males and females (which were run in 2020-2021). The goals of the study are to:</p> <p>1. Describe the courtship behaviours of these sexually dimorphic fish<br> 2. Establish whether one sex is more active in courtship than the other<br> 3. Determine factors the influence sex-specific behaviours</p> <p>The data provided here are in two zipped directories: Chase_datasheets/ and BORIS_data/. Both contain data from analysis of videos in BORIS. The BORIS_data/ contains the majority of the courtship behaviours, but the videos were re-analysed to investigate chase behaviours after the courtship behaviours were scored. The chase behaviour data is in Chase_datasheets/.</p>
Data from: Female ornamentation and the fecundity trade-off in a sex-role reversed pipefish
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Data from: Neuroendocrine correlates of sex-role reversal in barred buttonquails
Sex differences in brain structure and behaviour are well documented among vertebrates. An excellent model exploring the neural mechanisms of sex differences in behaviour is represented by sex-role-reversed species. In the majority of bird species, males compete over access to mates and resources more strongly than do females. It is thought that the responsible brain regions are therefore more developed in males than in females. Because these behaviours and brain regions are activated by androgens, males usually have increased testosterone levels during breeding. Therefore, in species with sex-role reversal, certain areas of the female brain should be more developed or steroid hormone profiles should be sexually reversed. Here, I studied circulating hormone levels and gene expression of steroid hormone receptors and aromatase in a captive population of barred buttonquails (Turnix suscitator). While females performed courtship and agonistic behaviours, there was no evidence for sexually reversed hormone profiles. However, I found female-biased sex differences in gene expression of androgen receptors in several hypothalamic and limbic brain regions that were already in place at hatching. Such sex differences are not known from non-sex-role-reversed species. These data suggest that increased neural sensitivity to androgens could be involved in the mechanisms mediating sex-role-reversed behaviours.
Data from: Sex ratio and density affect sexual selection in a sex-role reversed fish
Understanding how demographic processes influence mating systems is important to decode ecological influences on sexual selection in nature. We manipulated sex ratio and density in experimental populations of the sex-role reversed pipefish Syngnathus typhle. We quantified sexual selection using the Bateman gradient (ß′ss), the opportunity for selection (I), and sexual selection (Is), and the maximum standardized sexual selection differential (s′max). We also measured selection on body length using standardized selection differentials (s′) and mating differentials (m′), and tested whether the observed I and Is differ from values obtained by simulating random mating. We found that I, Is, and s′max, but not ß′ss, were higher for females under female- than male-bias and the opposite for males, but density did not affect these measures. However, higher density decreased sexual selection (m′ but not s′) on female length, but selection on body length was not affected by sex ratio. Finally, Is but not I was higher than expected from random mating, and only for females under female bias. This study demonstrates that both sex ratio and density affect sexual selection and that disentangling interrelated demographic processes is essential to a more complete understanding of mating behavior and the evolution of mating systems.
Figure 1 in Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal
Figure 1. Male of Limnonectes palavanensis attending a clutch of eggs.
Figure 5. A in Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal
Figure 5. A male (striped morph) Limnonectes palavanensis transporting tadpoles on his back.
Data from: Sex ratio and density affect sexual selection in a sex-role reversed fish
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Data from: Neuroendocrine correlates of sex-role reversal in barred buttonquails
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.