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21 results for “sexual deception”
Sexual deception of a beetle pollinator through floral mimicry
<p>Combined DNA alignment (trnLF, matK, ITS) used for the phylogenetic analysis in this paper.</p>
Data from: Evolutionary relationships among pollinators and repeated pollinator sharing in sexually deceptive orchids
The mechanism of pollinator attraction is predicted to strongly influence both plant diversification and the extent of pollinator sharing between species. Sexually deceptive orchids rely on mimicry of species-specific sex pheromones to attract their insect pollinators. Given that sex pheromones tend to be conserved among related species, we predicted that in sexually deceptive orchids, (i) pollinator sharing is rare, (ii) closely related orchids use closely related pollinators and (iii) there is strong bias in the wasp lineages exploited by orchids. We focused on species that are pollinated by sexual deception of thynnine wasps in the distantly related genera Caladenia and Drakaea, including new field observations for 45 species of Caladenia. Specialization was extreme with most orchids using a single pollinator species. Unexpectedly, seven cases of pollinator sharing were found, including two between Caladenia and Drakaea, which exhibit strikingly different floral morphology. Phylogenetic analysis of pollinators using four nuclear sequence loci demonstrated that although orchids within major clades primarily use closely related pollinator species, up to 17% of orchids within these clades are pollinated by a member of a phylogenetically distant wasp genus. Further, compared to the total diversity of thynnine wasps within the study region, orchids show a strong bias towards exploiting certain genera. Although these patterns may arise through conservatism in the chemical classes used in sex pheromones, apparent switches between wasp clades suggest unexpected flexibility in floral semiochemical production. Alternatively, wasp sex pheromones within lineages may exhibit greater chemical diversity than currently appreciated.
Data from: Genic rather than genome-wide differences between sexually deceptive Ophrys orchids with different pollinators
High pollinator specificity and the potential for simple genetic changes to affect pollinator attraction make sexually deceptive orchids an ideal system for the study of ecological speciation, in which change of flower odour is likely important. This study surveys reproductive barriers and differences in floral phenotypes in a group of four closely related, co-flowering sympatric Ophrys species, and uses a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach to obtain information on the proportion of the genome that is differentiated between species. Ophrys species were found to effectively lack post-pollination barriers, but are strongly isolated by their different pollinators (floral isolation), and to a smaller extent, by shifts in flowering time (temporal isolation). Although flower morphology and perhaps labellum coloration may contribute to floral isolation, reproductive barriers may largely be due to differences in flower odour chemistry. GBS revealed shared polymorphism throughout the Ophrys genome, with very little population structure between species. Genome scans for FST outliers identified few markers that are highly differentiated between species and repeatable in several populations. These genome scans also revealed highly differentiated polymorphisms in genes with putative involvement in floral odour production, including a previously identified candidate gene thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of pseudo-pheromones by the orchid flowers. Taken together, these data suggest that ecological speciation associated with different pollinators in sexually deceptive orchids has a genic rather than a genomic basis, placing these species at an early phase of genomic divergence within the 'speciation continuum'.
Data from: An experimental evaluation of traits that influence the sexual behaviour of pollinators in sexually deceptive orchids
Pollination by sexual deception of male insects is perhaps one of the most remarkable cases of mimicry in the plant kingdom. However, understanding the influence of floral traits on pollinator behaviour in sexually deceptive orchids is challenging, due to the risk of confounding changes in floral odour when manipulating morphology. Here, we investigated the floral traits influencing the sexual response of male Zaspilothynnus nigripes (Tiphiidae) wasps, a pollinator of two distantly related sexually deceptive orchids with contrasting floral architecture, Caladenia pectinata and Drakaea livida. In D. livida the chemical sexual attractant is emitted from the labellum, while in C. pectinata it is produced from the distal sepal tips, allowing manipulative experiments. When controlling for visual cues there was no difference in long distance attraction, though the floral odour of D. livida induced copulation more frequently than that of C. pectinata. The role of colour in pollinator sexual attraction was equivocal, indicating that colour may not be a strong constraint on the initial evolution of sexual deception. The frequency of wasp visitors landing on C. pectinata decreased when the amount of floral odour was reduced, but attempted copulation rates were enhanced when the source of floral odour was associated with the labellum. These latter variables may represent axes of selection that operate across many sexually deceptive species. Nonetheless, the observed variation in floral traits suggests flexibility in how sexual deception can be achieved.
Data from: An informational diversity framework, illustrated with sexually deceptive orchids in early stages of speciation
Reconstructing evolutionary history for emerging species complexes is notoriously difficult, with newly isolated taxa often morphologically cryptic and the signature of reproductive isolation often restricted to a few genes. Evidence from multiple loci and genomes is highly desirable, but multiple inputs require 'common currency' translation. Here we deploy a Shannon information framework, converting into diversity analogue, which provides a common currency analysis for maternally inherited haploid and bi-parentally inherited diploid nuclear markers, and then extend that analysis to construction of minimum-spanning networks for both genomes. The new approach is illustrated with a quartet of cryptic congeners from the sexually deceptive Australian orchid genus Chiloglottis, still in the early stages of speciation. Divergence is more rapid for haploid plastids than for nuclear markers, consistent with the effective population size differential (Nep < Nen), but divergence patterns are broadly correlated for the two genomes. There are nevertheless intriguing discrepancies between the emerging plastid and nuclear signals of early phylogenetic radiation of these taxa, and neither pattern is entirely consistent with the available information on the sexual cues used by the orchids to lure the pollinators enforcing reproductive isolation. We describe possible extensions of this methodology to multiple ploidy levels and other types of markers, which should increase the range of application to any taxonomic assemblage in the very early stages of reproductive isolation and speciation.
FIG. 2 in Interactions between the sexually deceptive orchid Spiculaea ciliata and its wasp pollinator Thynnoturneria sp. (Hymenoptera: Thynninae)
FIG. 2. The number of males contacting an elbow orchid over 5 minute presentations of bait specimens. (Top) Results of 10 trials conducted at Frank Hann National Park in November 1995. DiOEerences in the mean numbers of contacts over the 5 minutes are statistically signi®cant: ANOVA F = 7.6, p <0.001. (Middle) Results of 16 trials at [4,45] Pallarup Rocks Reserve in November 1995. DiOEerences in the mean numbers of contacts over the 5 minutes are statistically signi®cant: ANOVA F = 5.4, p <0.001. (Bottom) [4, 75] Results of 36 trials at Pallarup Rocks Reserve in November 1997. DiOEerences in the mean numbers of contacts over the 5 minutes are statistically signi®cant: ANOVA F = 11.5, p<0.001.
Data from: Genic rather than genome-wide differences between sexually deceptive Ophrys orchids with different pollinators
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Data from: Pollinator specificity drives strong prepollination reproductive isolation in sympatric sexually deceptive orchids
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Data from: An experimental evaluation of traits that influence the sexual behaviour of pollinators in sexually deceptive orchids
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Data from: Evolutionary relationships among pollinators and repeated pollinator sharing in sexually deceptive orchids
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Data from: Mismatch in the distribution of floral ecotypes and pollinators: insights into the evolution of sexually deceptive orchids
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Data from: The influence of pollinator phylogeography and mate preference on floral divergence in a sexually deceptive daisy
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Data from: Sexual deception in a cannibalistic mating system? testing the Femme Fatale hypothesis
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Data from: An informational diversity framework, illustrated with sexually deceptive orchids in early stages of speciation
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Data from: Looks matter: changes in flower form affect pollination effectiveness in a sexually-deceptive orchid
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FIG. 4 in Interactions between the sexually deceptive orchid Spiculaea ciliata and its wasp pollinator Thynnoturneria sp. (Hymenoptera: Thynninae)
FIG. 4. The number of males contacting an elbow orchid during the ®rst three 5 minute
Data from: Does morphology matter? An explicit assessment of floral morphology in sexual deception
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Data from: Modelling the two-locus architecture of divergent pollinator adaptation: how variation in SAD paralogues affects fitness and evolutionary divergence in sexually deceptive orchids
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PAN12 Deception Detection: Sexual Predator Identification
<p>This archive contains the training corpus for the "Sexual Predator Identification" task of the PAN 2012 Lab, held in conjunction with the CLEF 2012 conference.</p>
FIG. 3 in Interactions between the sexually deceptive orchid Spiculaea ciliata and its wasp pollinator Thynnoturneria sp. (Hymenoptera: Thynninae)
FIG. 3. The number of males contacting elbow orchids during three 5 minute presentations. Trial 1 occurred at the start of an hour, trial 2 took place 25 minutes later, and trial 3 at the end of the hour. The black bars provide data for`temporary' bait orchids that were removed from the presentation point after each 5 minute observation block; grey bars present data for`permanent' bait orchids that were left in place throughout the hour. DiOEerences in the mean number of contacts across trials for the`temporary' bait specimens were not statistically signi®cant (ANOVA F = 1.9, p> 0.10) whereas the [2,21] diOEerences across trials for the`permanent' bait orchids were signi®cant (ANOVA F = 11.9, p<0.001).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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