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Figure 4. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. A in Growth, age at sexual maturity, longevity and natural mortality of Alpheus brasileiro (Caridea: Alpheidae) from the south-eastern coast of Brazil

Figure 4. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. A, Cohorts identified during sampling describing the growth of each sex. B, Bertalanffy´s equation parameters estimated for males and females. The central line = mean; external lines = prediction intervals (95%).

Figure 5. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. Logistic curve interpolation where 50 in Growth, age at sexual maturity, longevity and natural mortality of Alpheus brasileiro (Caridea: Alpheidae) from the south-eastern coast of Brazil

Figure 5. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. Logistic curve interpolation where 50% of females reach functional sexual maturity (CL50).

Figure 3. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012 in Growth, age at sexual maturity, longevity and natural mortality of Alpheus brasileiro (Caridea: Alpheidae) from the south-eastern coast of Brazil

Figure 3. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. Size–frequency distribution of individuals both sexually immature (2.5 to 4.5 mm CL) and sexually mature (5.5 to 9.5 mm CL). Undifferentiated individuals (white bars), males (black bars) and females (dark grey bars). The values of morphological sexual maturity (4.9 and 4.7 mm CL for males and females respectively) are from the study of population structure and relative growth with the same population (Pescinelli et al., 2018a).

Figure 2. A in Growth, age at sexual maturity, longevity and natural mortality of Alpheus brasileiro (Caridea: Alpheidae) from the south-eastern coast of Brazil

Figure 2. A, Lateral view of an ovigerous female of Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012; B, sampling area at the intertidal zone of the estuary of Cananéia, São Paulo, south–eastern Brazil.

Figure 1 in Growth, age at sexual maturity, longevity and natural mortality of Alpheus brasileiro (Caridea: Alpheidae) from the south-eastern coast of Brazil

Figure 1. Location of the study area, water represented by dark grey in the map of the intertidal estuarine zone of Cananéia, São Paulo, south–eastern Brazil. Adapted from Pescinelli et al. (2017a).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Assessing size at sexual maturity and fine-scale population structure in a direct developing whelk (Buccinum undatum) in Southern Newfoundland, Canada

R script file used to filter genotype data, estimate L50, and analyze patterns of population structure of Buccinum undatum in Southern Newfoundland, Canada. Also included are the following files required to run the script: populationsNWA.snps.vcf - Northwest Atlantic group output at the conclusion of the Stacks de novo pipeline pop_map_NWA.txt - Population map for the Northwest Atlantic group genlightNWAFullFilt.rds - Filtered genotype data for the Northwest Atlantic group populations3Ps.snps.vcf - 3Ps group output at the conclusion of the Stacks de novo pipeline  pop_map_3Ps.txt - Population map for the 3Ps group genlight3PsFullFilt.rds - Filtered genotype data for the 3Ps group maturity_data.csv - Data set containing, shell length, sex, and maturity status for samples. sample_site_coordinates_3Ps.csv - Data set containing coordinates of 3Ps sample sites

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2011View details →

Fig. 1 in Diet and food consumption of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae): relationships with gender and sexual maturity

Fig. 1. Coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil showing the Patos-Mirim lagoon complex (a) and the location of the four sampling sites where the specimens of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis were collected (b).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2011View details →

Fig. 3. a in Diet and food consumption of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae): relationships with gender and sexual maturity

Fig. 3. a: Percentage of empty stomachs (PES) according to sexual maturity (immature and mature) and gender (female and male). b: Mean values (+ standard error) of the total food content expressed in volume (log10(x+1) transformed) in the digestive tract of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2011View details →

Fig. 2 in Diet and food consumption of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae): relationships with gender and sexual maturity

Fig. 2. Volume (%, black bars) and frequency of occurrence (%, gray bars) of the main food categories found in the digestive tracts of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis.

Figure 5 in Growth patterns, sexual dimorphism, and maturation modeled in Pachypleurosauria from Middle Triassic of central Europe (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

Figure 5. Comparison of humerus length at birth (Lbirth), asymptotic length (AL), age at which sexual maturity is reached (ASM), and onset of maturation for pachypleurosaurs with a modeled growth record. Onset of maturation within life is estimated as ratio of the age at which sexual maturity is reached and asymptotic age (ASM / AA). It is also assessed as ratio of the age at which sexual maturity is reached and age at death (ASM / AD). White = Lbirth, black = AL, blue = ASM, red = ASM / AA, and brown = ASM / AD. High within-taxon variability in traits could suggest a sexual dimorphism in size and maturation in pachypleurosaur taxa. For values of life-history traits of specimens refer to Table 2, and for ratios to Table 3.

Figure 4 in Growth patterns, sexual dimorphism, and maturation modeled in Pachypleurosauria from Middle Triassic of central Europe (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

Figure 4. Allometric comparison of different life-history traits of pachypleurosaurs and Simosaurus to extant reptiles. (a) Mass at birth vs. body mass, (b) age at which sexual maturity is reached vs. body mass, (c) longevity vs. body mass, and (d) maximum growth rates vs. body mass. In all panels black triangles mark extant reptile species, red symbols pachypleurosaurs, and black crosses the nothosaur genus Simosaurus (values taken from Klein and Griebeler, 2016). Red squares = Dactylosaurus, circles = Anarosaurus, triangles = aff. N. pusillus, triangle with cross = N. pusillus, asterisk = N. edwardsii, and diamond = Serpianosaurus. Ordinary least squares regression lines and 95 % prediction intervals are shown for extant species. Varanus niloticus (grey triangle) is highlighted because it is only somewhat larger than the pachypleurosaurs studied here. Data on body mass, mass at birth (N = 782), age at which sexual maturity is reached (N = 411), and longevity (N = 1014) of extant squamates are compiled from Scharf et al. (2015). Data on body mass and maximum growth rate of reptiles (squamates, crocodiles, and turtles, N = 66) are taken from Werner and Griebeler (2014). Masses at birth of pachypleurosaurs (and Simosaurus) are larger than expected from the 95 % prediction interval for a similar-sized squamate, whereas pachypleurosaurs longevities and maximum growth rates (including that of Simosaurus) almost fit within the respective intervals. The majority of pachypleurosaurs reach sexual maturity earlier than expected for a similar-sized squamate. Overall, pachypleurosaurs (and Simosaurus) have a considerably higher mass at birth and they clearly mature earlier than a similar-sized squamate.

Figure 3 in Growth patterns, sexual dimorphism, and maturation modeled in Pachypleurosauria from Middle Triassic of central Europe (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

Figure 3. Growth record and established growth models for pachypleurosaurs. The statistically best growth models are shown for each specimen. These have the highest Akaike weights (Burnham and Anderson, 2002) compared to the others which were also applicable to the growth record of the specific specimen (see Table S1). Specimens are marked by colors. Growth curves on the same specimen are marked by different line types (solid, dotted) in equal color. Parameter values of models and fitting statistics are summarized in Table S1. Neusticosaurus pusillus specimens SMNS 92125 and SMNS 50372c are from the Germanic Basin (aff. N. pusillus), and specimens PIMUZ T 4178 and PIMUZ T 4211 are from the Alpine Triassic.

Figure 2 in Growth patterns, sexual dimorphism, and maturation modeled in Pachypleurosauria from Middle Triassic of central Europe (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

Figure 2. Growth record in Dactylosaurus from the Germanic Basin (Lower Muschelkalk, early Anisian), in aff. N. pusillus from the Germanic Basin (Lower Keuper, late Ladinian) and in Neusticosaurus spp. and in Serpianosaurus from the Alpine Triassic (Anisian/Ladinian). (a) aff. N. pusillus SMNS 92125. (b) N. pusillus PIMUZ T 4211. (c) aff. N. pusillus SMNS 50372c. (d) Dactylosaurus MB.R.786. (e) Dactylosaurus MB.R. 776.2. (f) N. edwardsii PIMUZ T4758. (g) Serpianosaurus PIMUZ T 4510. (h) Wijk 09-472. Abbreviations: sc, subcycles; sm, sexual maturity. Panels (a, b, d, e) are in normal light, (c, h) are in polarized light, and (f, g) are in polarized light with gypsum filter (lambda). Scale bar is 0.5 mm.

Figure 1 in Growth patterns, sexual dimorphism, and maturation modeled in Pachypleurosauria from Middle Triassic of central Europe (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

Figure 1. Details of medulla, bone tissue, and vascularization of Dactylosaurus from the early Anisian (Lower Muschelkalk; Germanic Basin) and aff. N. pusillus from the late Ladinian (Lower Keuper; Germanic Basin). (a) Medullary region distally to midshaft in Dactylosaurus humerus MB.R. 801.2. consisting of small round erosion cavities surrounded by endosteal bone and embedded in a matrix of calcified cartilage. The medullary region is surrounded by a sharp line (arrow). (b) Medullary region closer to midshaft in Dactylosaurus humerus MB.R. 771.5 displaying a small free cavity, a few small erosion cavities surrounded by endosteal bone and calcified cartilage at the border to the periosteal region all encompassed by a sharp line (arrow). Around the medullary cavity slow-deposited (i.e., highly organized) hatchling bone tissue is visible. (c) The medullary region and inner cortex in aff. N. pusillus humerus SMNS 50372b is nearly completely filled by endosteal bone. The area is surrounded by the sharp line (arrow), although the sample was taken nearly at the midshaft. Scattered longitudinal primary osteons occur in this sample. (d) Cross section of aff. N. pusillus humerus SMNS 58025a which shows an irregular medullary region and remodeling in form of erosion cavities scattered into the periosteal bone. (e) Medullary region and inner cortex of aff. N. pusillus humerus SMNS 50372c. The medullary region consists of few small erosion cavities and endosteal bone. The innermost cortex is made of fast-deposited hatchling bone tissue, which is surrounded by a distinct annulus. (f) Medullary region and inner cortex of aff. N. pusillus humerus SMNS 92125. The medullary region consists of a small cavity surrounded by a thick layer of endosteal bone, which are encompassed by a sharp line and calcified cartilage. The innermost cortex is made of a slow-deposited hatchling bone tissue. (g) Cross section of N. pusillus humerus PIMUZ T 3975. The medullary region is completely filled by endosteal bone. The area is surrounded by some erosion cavities. (h) Medullary region and inner cortex at midshaft in Dactylosaurus humerus MB.R. 776.2 showing a free cavity surrounded by a thick layer of endosteal bone. On the right side are remains of preserved fast-deposited (i.e., less organized) hatchling bone tissue. On the right side, the layer of horizontally oriented fine fibers is visible (arrow). (i) Medullary region and inner cortex in Anarosaurus humerus Wijk 13-194. The relatively large, free medullary cavity is surrounded by a thin, and in this sample incomplete, layer of endosteal bone. The innermost cortex is made of a fast-deposited (i.e., highly organized) hatchling bone tissue, which is surrounded by a distinct annulus. A second annulus is clearly visible in the lower part of the picture. Distance between annuli changes considerably towards the preaxial bone side (arrows mark spilt). Abbreviations: cc, calcified cartilage; eb, endosteal bone; ec, erosion cavity; htb, hatchling bone tissue; ffho, fine fibers horizontally oriented; mc, medullary cavity; mr, medullary region; po, primary osteon. All pictures are in polarized light. Scale bar is 0.5 mm if not labeled otherwise.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2016View details →

Figure 3 in Growth, sexual maturity and sexual dimorphism of (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae) in a tributary of the Ibicuí River in southern Brazil

Figure 3. Absolute frequency distribution of cephalothoracic length (CL) (mm) classes of Aegla georginae females, Perau Creek, Ibicuí Basin, Brazil.

Fig. 8 in Morphological sexual maturity of the marine crab Xanthodius parvulus at the State Marine Park Laje de Santos, São Paulo, Brazil

Fig. 8. Xanthodius parvulus (Fabricius, 1793). Estimated size at the morphological sexual maturity for females. The estimated size refers to the smallest indiVidUal after the inflection point of the eqUations for jUVeniles and adults [CW, Carapace Width (mm); AW, Abdomen Width (mm)].

Figs 5-7 in Morphological sexual maturity of the marine crab Xanthodius parvulus at the State Marine Park Laje de Santos, São Paulo, Brazil

Figs 5-7. Xanthodius parvulus (Fabricius, 1793), dimensions used in the morphometric analysis of each structure: 5, Carapace Width (CW); Carapace Length (CL); Propod Length (PL); Propod Width (PW); Propod Height (PH); 6, Abdomen Width (AW); 7, Gonopod Length (GL).

Figs 2-4 in Morphological sexual maturity of the marine crab Xanthodius parvulus at the State Marine Park Laje de Santos, São Paulo, Brazil

Figs 2-4. Sample site and artificial sUbstrate: 2, Laje de Santos View from the face where the samples were taKen; 3, Artificial SUbstrate of RefUge (ASR) readY for installation; 4, ASR installed between rocKs at the consolidated sUbstrate of Laje de Santos (arrows point to the ASR and the floater with the centrifUge tUbe with the identification of the Project).

Fig. 1 in Morphological sexual maturity of the marine crab Xanthodius parvulus at the State Marine Park Laje de Santos, São Paulo, Brazil

Fig. 1. Location of the sampling sites on the Brazilian coast. *SP: São Paulo State Coast. Marine State Park of Laje de Santos (MSPLS). 200 m bars indicates the extension and face of the island where all samples were randonly made (Both active and Passive captures). Depth in those 200 m vary between 6 and 20 m on rocky bottom.