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10 results for “sexual signal loss”
Data from: Sexual signal loss in field crickets maintained despite strong sexual selection favoring singing males
Evolutionary biologists commonly seek explanations for how selection drives the emergence of novel traits. While trait loss is also predicted to occur frequently, few contemporary examples exist. In Hawaii, the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus) is undergoing adaptive sexual signal loss due to natural selection imposed by eavesdropping parasitoids. Mutant male crickets ("flatwings") cannot sing. We measured the intensity of sexual selection on wing phenotype in a wild population. First, we surveyed the relative abundance of flatwings and "normal-wings" (non-mutants) on Oahu. Then, we bred wild-mated females' offspring to determine both female genotype with respect to the flatwing mutation and the proportion of flatwing males that sired their offspring. We found evidence of strong sexual selection favoring the production of song: females were predominantly homozygous normal-wing; their offspring were sired disproportionately by singing males; and at the population level, flatwing males became less common following a single sexual selection event. We report a selection coefficient describing the total (pre- and postcopulatory) sexual selection favoring normal-wing males in nature. Given the maintenance of the flatwing phenotype in Hawaii in recent years, this substantial sexual selection additionally suggests an approximate strength of opposing natural selection that favors silent males.
Data from: Sexual signal loss in field crickets maintained despite strong sexual selection favoring singing males
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Spermatophore retention may accommodate sexual signal loss in pacific field crickets
<p>Sexual signals are gained and lost over evolutionary time. While signal gain has obvious fitness benefits, signal loss should present significant costs due to decreased mating opportunities. Because sexual signal loss has rarely been observed in real time, it is unclear how this process unfolds in nature. Just as female mating preferences can promote evolutionary gain and elaboration of sexual signals, they may also facilitate signal loss. We investigated how two components of female mate choice are involved in rapid sexual signal loss in the Pacific field cricket (<i>Teleogryllus oceanicus</i>), in which many males have lost the ability to sing. Males that can sing ("normal-wings") and obligately silent males ("flatwings") coexist in Hawaiian populations. While we know that females prefer not to mate with flatwings, we tested whether females discriminate against flatwing males before copulation due to the lack of song, or something inherent about their wing morphology. We combined this assessment with a test of post-copulatory preference by presenting females with either a normal-wing or flatwing male in the presence or absence of a courtship song stimulus. Females took significantly longer to mount males in the absence of courtship song regardless of male wing morph. This is the first evidence that females discriminate against the absence of song during mate choice, not male wing morph. However, females retained spermatophores for equally long regardless of male wing morph and whether they heard courtship song. Pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection do not operate synchronously in this system, which may help explain the success of the silent morph in wild populations.</p>
Data from: Sexual signal loss: the link between behavior and rapid evolutionary dynamics in a field cricket
1. Sexual signals may be acquired or lost over evolutionary time, and are tempered in their exaggeration by natural selection. 2. In the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, a mutation ("flatwing") causing loss of the sexual signal, the song, spread in < 20 generations in two of three Hawaiian islands where the crickets have been introduced. Flatwing (as well as some normal-wing) males behave as satellites, moving towards and settling near calling males to intercept phonotactic females. 3. From 2005-2012, we surveyed crickets and their responses to conspecific song, noting the morph and number of males and females before and after experimental playbacks. The three Hawaiian islands consistently contained different proportions of flatwing crickets, ranging from about 90% of males on Kauai to 50% on Oahu to rare on the Big Island of Hawaii. 4. Flatwing and normal-wing males do not appear to differ in responsiveness to playback, a behavior that should influence the likelihood of a male encountering a phonotactic female. Instead, male and female crickets from populations in which little to no calling song is perceptible during development tended to seek out callers more readily than crickets that developed in noisier environments. Such increased phonotaxis makes females more likely to find either the caller to which they are responding or to encounter a flatwing (or normal male satellite) that has also been attracted to the song. 5. Our evidence suggests that pre-existing behavioral plasticity (manifest as flexible responses to social – particularly acoustic – information in the environment) is associated with the rapid spread of the flatwing trait. Different social environments select for differential success of flatwing or normal-wing males, which in turn alters the social environment itself.
Sexual signal loss, pleiotropy, and maintenance of a male reproductive polymorphism in crickets
<p>Pleiotropy between male signals and female preferences can facilitate evolution of sexual communication by maintaining coordination between the sexes. Alternatively, it can favor variation in the mating system, such as a reproductive polymorphism. It is unknown how common either of these scenarios are in nature. In Pacific field crickets (<i>Teleogryllus oceanicus</i>) on Kauai, Hawaii, a mutation (<i>flatwing</i>) that segregates as a single locus is responsible for the rapid loss of song production in males. We used outbred cricket colonies fixed for male wing morph to investigate whether homozygous <i>flatwing</i> and <i>normal-wing</i> (wild-type) females differ in responsiveness to male calling song and propensity to mate when paired with either a <i>flatwing</i> or <i>normal-wing</i> male in the presence or absence of courtship song. <i>Flatwing</i> females were less likely to mount a male than <i>normal-wing</i> females. Females of both genotypes showed a preference for <i>normal-wing</i> males and were more likely to mate in the presence of courtship song; n<i>ormal-wing </i>females<i> </i>were<i> </i>particularly likely to mate with song. Our results show that negative pleiotropy between obligate male silence and female mating behavior can constrain the evolution of sexual signal loss and contribute to the maintenance of a male reproductive polymorphism in the wild. </p>
Data from: Sexual signal loss: the link between behavior and rapid evolutionary dynamics in a field cricket
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Spermatophore retention may accommodate sexual signal loss in pacific field crickets
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Sexual signal loss, pleiotropy, and maintenance of a male reproductive polymorphism in crickets
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Data from: Direct and indirect effects of sexual signal loss on female reproduction in the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus)
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Data from: Context matters: sexual signaling loss in digital organisms
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