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22 results for “shattering”
Raw Data: Higher seed yield through selection for reduced seed shattering in Italian ryegrass
<p>Raw data used for publication "Higher seed yield through selection for reduced seed shattering in Italian ryegrass (<em>Lolium multiflorum</em> Lam.)"</p> <p>This dataset accompanies the article with the same title published on bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.01.569550</p>
Figure 2 in Seed-shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 1: Broadleaf species
Figure 2. Cumulative percent shatter over four time periods (soybean physiological maturity, maturity þ 2 wk,maturity þ 3 wk, maturity þ 4 wk) for each species.The darker the bar, the greater percent of sampled site-years that corresponded to the percent shatter value. This normalizes across species with different sampling efforts. Species sampled in just a single site-year are indicated by a single black square, which represents 100% of the sampling effort. Species are denoted by their EPPO codes.
Figure 3 in Seed-shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 1: Broadleaf species
Figure 3. Cumulative percent seed shatter for all species from planting date to soybean physiological maturity (black vertical line) for each state in 2016 and 2017. Species are denoted by their EPPO codes.
Figure 1. Heat map indicating the cumulative percent seed shatter across the participating states for a in Seed-shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 1: Broadleaf species
Figure 1. Heat map indicating the cumulative percent seed shatter across the participating states for a window starting from soybean physiological maturity to 4 wk past maturity in 2016 and 2017. States were included in these maps only if they conducted sampling during the week indicated (e.g., In 2017, Arkansas sampled on October 2, October 18, and November 3, none of which are within ±3 d of the October 10 maturity date or maturity þ2 wk on October 24 in the state that year. Hence only data from maturity þ3 wk are for Arkansas for 2017.)
Figure 2 in Seed-shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 2: Grass species
Figure 2. Cumulative percent shatter over four time periods (maturity, maturity + 2 wk, maturity + 3 wk, maturity + 4 wk) for each species. The darker the bar, the greater percent of sampled site-years that corresponded to the percent shatter value. This normalizes across species with different sampling efforts. Species sampled in just a single site-year are indicated by a single black square, which represents 100% of the sampling effort. Species are denoted by their EPPO codes
Figure 3 in Seed-shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 2: Grass species
Figure 3. Cumulative percent seed shatter for all species from planting date to soybean physiological maturity (black vertical line) across the participating states in 2016 and 2017.
Figure 1. Heat map indicating the cumulative percent seed shatter across the participating states for a in Seed-shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 2: Grass species
Figure 1. Heat map indicating the cumulative percent seed shatter across the participating states for a window starting from soybean physiological maturity to 4 wk past physiological maturity in 2016 and 2017. States were included in these maps only if they conducted sampling during the week indicated. (e.g., In 2017, Arkansas sampled on October 2, October 18, and November 3, none of which are within ±3 d of the October 10 maturity date or maturity +2 wk on October 24 in the state that year. Hence only data from maturity +3 wk are for Arkansas for 2017.)
Digital Elevation Models of Shatter cones
<p>20 Digital Elevation Model of Shatter cones </p> <p>Haughton Dome (1 model using Helicon Focus, 1 Model from Laser Scanning)<br /> Jebal Waqf as Suwwan (1 model using Helicon Focus, 1 Model from Laser Scanning)<br /> Gosses Bluff (4 models using Helicon Focus)<br /> Serra da Cangalhia (1 model from Laser Scanning)<br /> Rochechouart (2 models from Laser Scanning)<br /> Steinheim Basin (3 models from Laser Scanning)<br /> Vargeão Dome (1 model from Laser Scanning)<br /> Vista Alegre (1 model from Laser Scanning)<br /> Vredefort (4 models from Laser Scanning)</p>
Comparative histology of abscission zones reveals the extent of convergence and divergence in seed shattering in weedy and cultivated rice
<p>The modification of seed shattering has been a recurring theme in rice evolution. The wild ancestor of cultivated rice disperses its seeds, but reduced shattering was selected during multiple domestication events to facilitate harvesting. Conversely, selection for increased shattering occurred during the evolution of weedy rice, a weed invading cultivated rice fields that has originated multiple times from domesticated ancestors. Shattering requires formation of a tissue known as the abscission zone (AZ), but how the AZ has been modified throughout rice evolution is unclear. We quantitatively characterized the AZ characteristics of relative length, discontinuity, and intensity in 86 cultivated and weedy rice accessions. We reconstructed AZ evolutionary trajectories and determined the degree of convergence among different cultivated varieties and among independent weedy rice populations. AZ relative length emerged as the feature best distinguishing high and low shattering rice. Cultivated varieties differed in average AZ morphology, revealing lack of convergence in how shattering reduction was achieved during domestication. In contrast, weedy rice populations typically converged on complete AZs, irrespective of origin. By examining AZ population-level morphology, our study reveals its evolutionary plasticity, and suggests that the genetic potential to modify the ecologically and agronomically important trait of shattering is plentiful in rice lineages.</p>
Comparative histology of abscission zones reveals the extent of convergence and divergence in seed shattering in weedy and cultivated rice
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Data from: Genetic control of seed shattering during African rice domestication
Domestication represents a unique opportunity to study the evolutionary process. The elimination of seed dispersal traits was a key step in the evolution of cereal crops under domestication. Here, we show that ObSH3, a YABBY transcription factor, is required for the development of the seed abscission layer. Moreover, selecting a genomic segment deletion containing SH3 resulted in the loss of seed dispersal in populations of African cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.). Functional characterization of SH3 and SH4 (another gene controlling seed shattering on chromosome 4) revealed that multiple genes can lead to a spectrum of non-shattering phenotypes, affecting other traits such as ease of threshing that may be important to tune across different agroecologies and postharvest practices. The molecular evolution analyses of SH3 and SH4 in a panel of 93 landraces provided unprecedented geographical detail of the domestication history of African rice, tracing multiple dispersals from a core heartland and introgression from local wild rice. The cloning of ObSH3 not only provides new insights into a critical crop domestication process but also adds to the body of knowledge on the molecular mechanism of seed dispersal.
Data for: Tensile cracks can shatter classical speed limits
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Brittle materials fail by means of rapid cracks. At</span> <span>their tips, tensile cracks dissipate elastic energy </span><span>stored in the surrounding material to create newly</span> <span>fractured surfaces, precisely maintaining `energy </span><span>balance' by exactly equating the energy flux with</span> <span>dissipation. Using energy balance, fracture</span> <span>mechanics perfectly describes crack motions;</span> <span>accelerating from nucleation to their maximal speed </span><span>of c</span><span><sub>R</sub>,</span><span> </span><span>the Rayleigh wave speed. Beyond c</span><sub><span>R</span></sub><span>, tensile</span> <span>fracture is generally considered to be impossible</span><span>. B</span><span>y the use of brittle hydrogels,</span> <span>we experimentally demonstrate that a wholly </span><span>new and different class of tensile cracks</span><span> that move faster than the shear wave speed, c<sub>s</sub>, </span><span>exists. The principle of energy</span> <span>balance no longer dictates their dynamics; this new </span><span>branch of cracks smoothly surpasses </span><span>c<sub>s</sub> </span><span>to reach</span> <span>unprecedented speeds that approach the speed of </span><span>dilatation waves. The transition from `classical'</span> <span>cracks to these `supershear' cracks takes place at </span><span>critical values of applied strains. We, furthermore,</span> <span>show that the values of these, rather moderate (12–14%), critical strains are intimately related to the</span> <span>microscopic material structure.</span> <span>This new mode of tensile</span> <span>fracture represents a fundamental paradigm shift in</span> <span>our understanding of 'how things break'.</span></p>
Towards the introgression of PvPdh1 for increased resistance to pod shattering in common bean
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Data for: Tensile cracks can shatter classical speed limits
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Data from: Genetic control of seed shattering during African rice domestication
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Shattered Selves: Interpreting Mental Health through Shakespearean Lens
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Text-fig. 9. Accumulation of shattered valves of Aulacoseira granulata (EHRENBERG) SIMONSEN 1979 and Aulacoseira cf. crenulata (EHRENBERG) THWAITES 1848, SEM-photograph, sample Sf 7751, seam 5 subaquatic slide. in Siliceous Microfossils From The Oligocene Tripoli-Deposit Of Seifhennersdorf
Text-fig. 9. Accumulation of shattered valves of Aulacoseira granulata (EHRENBERG) SIMONSEN 1979 and Aulacoseira cf. crenulata (EHRENBERG) THWAITES 1848, SEM-photograph, sample Sf 7751, seam 5 subaquatic slide.
Data from: Molecular evolution of shattering loci in U.S. weedy rice
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Genetic, anatomical, and environmental patterns related to pod shattering resistance in domesticated cowpea Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp
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RNA-Seq and genome-wide association analysis were utilized to find potential genes for rice seed shattering
GEO Series GSE211952. Oryza sativa. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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