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39 results for “shearwater”
Resource allocation underlies parental decision-making during incubation in the Manx shearwater
<p>Examining resource allocation is fundamental to understanding the relationships between a species' behaviour and its life history. Furthermore, for biparentally-caring animals, examining the relative investment decisions made by members of a breeding pair can give insight into the extent and nature of cooperative care. As a key measure of resource availability, examining body mass changes can help elucidate the ways in which parents balance their allocation. In birds, these trade-offs become particularly stark during incubation, as maintaining constant egg warming usually requires one parent to fast. This period therefore represents a key opportunity to investigate investment decisions. We took daily measurements of body mass from breeding Manx shearwaters, a biparentally-caring seabird, during incubation, and related this to measures of nest attendance and behaviour collected using field observations and miniaturised biologgers. We investigated how changes in body mass related to the decisions made at the nest and at sea, whether this differed between the sexes, and whether pair experience influenced incubation behaviour. We found that while body mass predicted the probability that incubating birds would choose to temporarily desert the nest, incubation shift duration was ultimately set by return of the foraging bird. The trip durations of foraging birds in turn were primarily dictated by their body mass reserves on departure from the nest. However, foragers appeared to account for the condition of the incubating partner, returning from sea earlier when their partner was in poor condition. Our results contribute to understanding the mechanisms by which individuals regulate both their own and their partner's incubation behaviour, with implications for interacting with fine-scale resource availability.</p> <p> </p>
Acoustic data of calls of Manx shearwater on Lundy Island
<p>Vocalizations are widely used to signal behavioural intention in animal communication, but may also carry additional information encoded in the signal, in particular, vocalisations may carry acoustic signatures unique to the calling individual. Manx shearwater (<em>Puffinus puffinus</em>) are nocturnal seabirds that breed in dense colonies, where they must recognize and locate mates among thousands of conspecifics calling in the dark. There is evidence for individual vocal signatures in two shearwater species, but quantitative data on the vocalisations of Manx shearwater are lacking. We recorded calls of 13 Manx shearwaters on Lundy Island, UK, by eliciting vocal responses to playback of conspecific calls. We measured several spectral and temporal parameters of the calls, applied linear discriminate analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation, and have confirmed the individual vocal signatures. We then calculated among-individual repeatability of 34 features describing the vocalization to determine the extent to which these features may contribute to individual signature coding. We found that calls cluster by individual in both temporal and spectral characteristics, suggesting these are contributing to Manx shearwaters' unique call signatures.</p>
Figure 5 in The occurrence and status of black-and-white Puffinus shearwaters on the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts, with the first specimen records of Persian Shearwater P. persicus persicus
Figure 5. Persian Shearwater Puffinus persicus persicus, off Watamu, coastal Kenya, 1 March 2022, showing the characteristic brown-toned upperparts, much-reduced white in the underwing-coverts, dusky axillaries and brown flanks streaking of this taxon (Jaap Gijsbertsen)
Figure 4 in The occurrence and status of black-and-white Puffinus shearwaters on the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts, with the first specimen records of Persian Shearwater P. persicus persicus
Figure 4. Persian Shearwater Puffinus persicus, ashore near Pangani, north-east Tanzania, 14 March 2009, showing the characteristic dusky underwing, axillaries, and faint white spot in front of the eye (© B. Simonsen)
Figure 1 in The occurrence and status of black-and-white Puffinus shearwaters on the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts, with the first specimen records of Persian Shearwater P. persicus persicus
Figure 1. Specimens of Persian Shearwater Puffinus persicus persicus (A) NMK 1442019 (Sidney Shema), (B) NMK B9189 (Sidney Shema), (C) NMK B8032 (Sidney Shema) and Tropical Shearwater Puffinus bailloni nicolae (D) AMNH 788928 (© Augie Kramer) collected in Kenya between 1963 and 2019, alongside a paratype of P. b. nicolae (E) MNHN-ZO-MO-1878-1051 (www.science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/zo/item/ search?lang=en_US) from the Seychelles. Birds not to scale.
Figure 3 in The occurrence and status of black-and-white Puffinus shearwaters on the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts, with the first specimen records of Persian Shearwater P. persicus persicus
Figure 3. Persian Shearwater Puffinus persicus persicus, Diani, coastal Kenya, 26 February 2019, before it died (© S. Kapila)
Figure 2 in The occurrence and status of black-and-white Puffinus shearwaters on the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts, with the first specimen records of Persian Shearwater P. persicus persicus
Figure 2. Persian Shearwater Puffinus persicus persicus off Oman (left ML 155569281; © Marcel Gil Velasco) and United Arab Emirates (right ML 93690941; © Tommy Pedersen) alongside the December 1981 specimen from Mtwapa Creek, Kenya (centre NMK B9189; Sidney Shema), showing typical pattern of wear and fading on head producing white grizzling / streaking, and a poorly demarcated border between cheeks and throat.
Рис. 2. РаспреΑеΛение трубконосых птиц (А — темноспинный аΛьбатрос, Б — гΛупыш, В — тонкокΛювый буревестник, Г — сизая качурка) в Охотском море и сопреΑеΛьных воΑах Тихого океана и Японского моря по резуΛьтатам суΑовых учетов в февраΛе — мае 2020 г. (особей/км2 на 10-минутных трансектах). СпΛошными Λиниями показаны учетные трансекты, пунктиром — 200-метровая изобата Fig. 2. Distribution of tubenoses — (А) Laysan albatross, (Б) Northern fulmar, (В) shorttailed shearwater, (Г) fork-tailed storm-petrel — in the Sea of Okhotsk and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan in February–May 2020 (birds/km2 on 10-minute transects). Solid lines indicate transects; dotted line indicates a 200 m isobath in Population of seabirds in the Sea of Okhotsk and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan during the winter-spring period of 2020
Рис. 2. РаспреΑеΛение трубконосых птиц (А — темноспинный аΛьбатрос, Б — гΛупыш, В — тонкокΛювый буревестник, Г — сизая качурка) в Охотском море и сопреΑеΛьных воΑах Тихого океана и Японского моря по резуΛьтатам суΑовых учетов в февраΛе — мае 2020 г. (особей/км2 на 10-минутных трансектах). СпΛошными Λиниями показаны учетные трансекты, пунктиром — 200-метровая изобата Fig. 2. Distribution of tubenoses — (А) Laysan albatross, (Б) Northern fulmar, (В) shorttailed shearwater, (Г) fork-tailed storm-petrel — in the Sea of Okhotsk and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan in February–May 2020 (birds/km2 on 10-minute transects). Solid lines indicate transects; dotted line indicates a 200 m isobath
Exploring the mechanisms of coordinated chick provisioning in the Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus)
<p>Many species that provide care for their offspring in tandem with a partner coordinate their activities to maximise the efficiency of their investment. However, it is not well known exactly how this coordination is achieved. Manx shearwaters <i>Puffinus puffinus </i>are Procellariiform seabirds that exhibit a dual foraging strategy during chick provisioning in which long foraging trips to maintain condition are alternated with short, frequent trips to feed the offspring. This strategy is employed in a coordinated manner between the parents, with one making short trips while the other takes a single long trip. Previous work revealed that a complementary switch in foraging trip type is initiated by the parents following a synchronous visit to the nest. We used a combination of observational data and an experimental manipulation to examine the mechanisms that may underlie this behaviour. Specifically, we investigated the evidence that physical reunion is necessary to induce a switch in trip type, whether parents change their behaviour to maximise the probability of partner encounter, and whether indirect cues gained from the chick could inform a switch in behaviour. In our experimental approach, we manipulated the information adults had available to them by supplementarily feeding chicks to alter their begging behaviour. We found no support for the role of physical reunion or indirect cues in the coordination of care in this species. We discuss the possibility that the patterns of alternated provisioning observed during chick rearing in Manx shearwaters may emerge through entrainment during the well-coordinated incubation period preceding chick provisioning.</p>
Yelkouan shearwater (Puffinus yelkouan) Maltese Islands' colony differences in feather corticosterone, bulk stable isotopes, mercury concentration, adult breeding success and foraging strategies
<p>All data and scripts uploaded and described here are related to the manuscript being submitted under the title: "<span lang="EN-GB">Feather corticosterone and stable isotopes explain fledging and adult breeding success in a burrow-nesting seabird, the Yelkouan shearwater <em>Puffinus yelkouan</em>", accepted for publication in Marine Biology (doi: 10.1007/s00227-025-04748-8).</span></p> <h2><strong><u>Adult Breeding success </u></strong></h2> <p>In the script “YESH_Malta_BreedingSuccess_DSR_Rmark.R” apparent breeding success and daily nest survival rates are estimated for yelkouan shearwater nests in Maltese colonies based on the nest log data found in “BreedingSuccessSummaryData.zip”.</p> <h2><strong><u>Nestling and fledgling feather growth, corticosterone, stable isotopes and mercury</u></strong></h2> <p>The R script “YESH_FeatherGrowth_CORT_SI_Hg_chicks_Malta_Script.R” was written to load, combine and analyse all the data related to measurements of nestling growth, feather corticosterone, bulk stable isotopes and mercury analysis. The folder “YESH_FeatherGrowth_CORT_SI_Hg_chicks_Malta_Data.zip” contains the files with these data as named and loaded in the script. The folder also contains the original outputs from the corticosterone measurements by plate, including standard curves, provided in the subfolder: “CORT_Output_by_plate”. Original outputs as sent from the LIENs laboratory for stable isotopes and mercury can be found in the subfolder “SI_Hg_Outputs”.</p> <h2><strong><u>Adult shearwater tracking data analysis</u></strong></h2> <p>The R script written to analyse gps-logger data is named: “YESH_RM_MJ_ChickRearPeriod_ForagingStrategies.R”</p> <p>Adult yelkouan shearwater gps-logger tracking data during the chick-rearing period from the two colonies compared, Majjistral (MJ) and Rdum tal-Madonna (RM): “YESH_Malta_RM_MJ_ChickRearPeriod.csv”.</p> <p>Apart from the consolidated form the tracking data from the chick-rearing period can be found on BirdLife International Seabird Tracking Database:</p> <p>2012, 2013 & 2014: <a href="https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/836">https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/836</a></p> <p><a href="https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/837">https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/837</a></p> <p><a href="https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/952">https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/952</a></p> <p>2019: <a href="https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/1935">https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/1935</a></p> <p>2021: https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/2223</p> <p>https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/2224</p> <p>2022: <a href="https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/1855">https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/1855</a> </p> <p>“TRACKID_2012_2022_DIAGNOSTICSV3.csv” describes the completeness of tracks based on visual assessment and is loaded during the running of the script.</p> <p>Output shapefiles produced by running the script are provided in the folder: “YESH_RM_MJ_ShapefileOutputs_KDE.zip”.</p> <h2>Acknowledgements and Funding</h2> <p>We are grateful to the German Ornithologists’ Society through which all laboratory analysis was funded with funds from the Ursula Honig estate. Tracking was funded under EU-LIFE+ Malta Seabird Project (LIFE10NAT/MT/090), EU-LIFE Artina (LIFE17 NAT/HR/000594) and EU-LIFE PanPuffinus! (LIFE19 NAT/MT/000982), co-financed respectively by the Maltese Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change; Ministry of Education and Employment and Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Animal Rights. All handling and sampling of shearwaters were carried out under permits from the Environment & Resources Authority (ERA) and the Wild Birds Regulation Unit (WBRU). We thank all staff and volunteers of BirdLife Malta having taken part in fieldwork, and all members of the public who contact us for grounded shearwaters. We are grateful to Gaël Guillou of the platform “Analyses isotopiques” for running the stable isotope analyses and to Maud Brault-Favrou of the platform “Analyses élémentaires” for running Hg analyses, both at the LIENSs laboratory. Thanks are due to the CPER (Contrat de Projet Etat-Région) and the FEDER (Fonds Européen de Développement Régional) for funding the AMA and the IRMS of LIENSs. Contributor PB is an honorary member of the IUF (Institut Universitaire de France). </p>
Data and code to reproduce analysis in Sacchi et al. 2023: Sex-specific fitness consequences of mate change in Scopoli's shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea)
<p>This data package contains data and code needed to reproduce the analysis reported in <strong>Sex-specific fitness consequences of mate change in Scopoli’s shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea), doi </strong>10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.05.017</p> <p>Included are:</p> <p>1) Readme file - description of all other files and variables described in datasets</p> <p>2) Appendix.Rmd = R code file containing all the analysis reported in the paper</p> <p>3) breed.txt = this data table contains data for the analysis of fitness/breeding success</p> <p>4) skip.txt = this data table contains data for the analysis of skipping behaviour</p> <p>5) females.txt = this file contains data in headed format to build CR models for the female population. Covariate indicates if an individual's life history started with event 1 (partner known, first partner) or with event 3 (partner unknown).</p> <p>6) males.txt = this file contains data in headed format to build CR models for the male population. Covariate indicates if an individual's life history started with event 1 (partner known, first partner) or with event 3 (partner unknown).</p> <p>7) gepat.pat = this file contains the matrix design necessary to run CR models with e-surge (version 2.2.3)</p> <p> </p>
Acoustic data of calls of Manx shearwater on Lundy Island
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Resource allocation underlies parental decision-making during incubation in the Manx shearwater
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Exploring the mechanisms of coordinated chick provisioning in the Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus)
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Shearwaters sometimes take long homing detours when denied natural outward journey information
<p>The cognitive processes (learning and processing of information) underpinning long-distance navigation of birds are poorly understood. Here, we utilised the homing motivation of the Manx shearwater to investigate navigational decision making in a wild bird by displacing them 294km to the far side of a large island (the Island of Ireland). Since shearwaters are reluctant to fly over land, the island blocked the direct route home, forcing a navigational decision. Further still, on the far side of the obstacle, we chose a release site where use of local knowledge could facilitate a 20% improvement in route efficiency if shearwaters were able to anticipate and avoid a large inlet giving the appearance of open water in the home direction. We found that no shearwater took the most efficient initial route home, but instead oriented in the home direction (even once the obstacle became visible). Upon reaching the obstacle, four shearwaters subsequently circumnavigated the land mass via the long route, travelling a further 900km as a result. Hence, despite readily orienting homewards immediately after displacement, shearwaters seem unaware of the scale of the obstacle formed by a large land mass despite this being a prominent feature of their regular foraging environment.</p>
Shearwaters sometimes take long homing detours when denied natural outward journey information
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Data from: Sex-specific telomere length and dynamics in relation to age and reproductive success in Cory’s Shearwaters
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Data from: Flying south: foraging locations of the Hutton's shearwater (Puffinus huttoni) revealed by time-depth recorders and GPS tracking
1. The Hutton's shearwater Puffinus huttoni is an endangered seabird endemic to Kaikōura, New Zealand, but the spatial and temporal aspects of its at-sea foraging behaviour are not well known. 2. To identify foraging areas and estimate trip durations, we deployed Global Positioning Systems (GPS) devices and Time-Depth Recorders (TDR) on 26 adult Hutton's shearwaters during the chick-rearing period in 2017 and 2018. 3. We found Hutton's shearwaters travelled much further from their breeding grounds at Kaikōura than previously considered, with most individuals foraging in coastal and oceanic areas 125–365 km south and near Banks Peninsula. Trip durations varied from 1 to 15 days (mean = 5 days), and total track lengths varied from 264 to 2157 km (mean = 1092.9 km). 4. Although some diving occurred in near-shore waters near the breeding colony, most foraging was concentrated in four regions south of Kaikōura. Dive durations averaged 23.2 seconds (range 8.1 to 71.3 sec) and dive depths averaged 7.1 m (range 1.5 to 30 m). Foraging locations had higher chlorophyll a levels and shallower water depths than non-foraging locations. Birds did not feed at night, but tended to raft in areas with deeper water than foraging locations. 5. Mapping the spatial and temporal distribution of Hutton's shearwaters at-sea will be fundamental to their conservation, as it can reveal potential areas of overlap with fisheries and other industrial users of the marine environment.
Data from: Combined use of GPS and accelerometry reveals fine scale three-dimensional foraging behaviour in the short-tailed shearwater
Determining the foraging behaviour of free-ranging marine animals is fundamental for assessing their habitat use and how they may respond to changes in the environment. However, despite recent advances in bio-logging technology, collecting information on both at-sea movement patterns and activity budgets still remains difficult in small pelagic seabird species due to the constraints of instrument size. The short-tailed shearwater, the most abundant seabird species in Australia (ca 23 million individuals), is a highly pelagic procellariiform. Despite its ecological importance to the region, almost nothing is known about its at-sea behaviour, in particular, its foraging activity. Using a combination of GPS and tri-axial accelerometer data-loggers, the fine scale three-dimensional foraging behaviour of 10 breeding individuals from two colonies was investigated. Five at-sea behaviours were identified: (1) resting on water, (2) flapping flight, (3) gliding flight, (4) foraging (i.e., surface foraging and diving events), and (5) taking-off. There were substantial intra- and inter- individual variations in activity patterns, with individuals spending on average 45.8% (range: 17.1–70.0%) of time at sea resting on water and 18.2% (range: 2.3–49.6%) foraging. Individuals made 76.4 ± 65.3 dives (range: 8–237) per foraging trip (mean duration 9.0 ± 1.9 s), with dives also recorded during night-time. With the continued miniaturisation of recording devices, the use of combined data-loggers could provide us with further insights into the foraging behaviour of small procellariiforms, helping to better understand interactions with their prey.
FIGURE 10 in Three new species of the feather mite subfamily Ingrassiinae (Acariformes: Xolalgidae) from shearwaters and petrels (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae)
FIGURE 10. Opetiopoda bulweriae sp. n., legs of female. A—tibia and tarsus I, B—tibia and tarsus II, C—tarsus III, Dtarsus IV.
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