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68 results for “shell evolution”
Fig. 1 in Three shell types in Mardinella daviesi indicate the evolution of a paratrimorphic life cycle among late Paleocene soritid benthic foraminifera
Fig. 1. Measured column of the Qorban member in the study locality. A. Position of the Qorban section in the general map of Iran. B. Satellite image with the position of the section base (star). C. Qorban Member stratigraphy with indication of the four Mardinella-rich levels studied in this work. Abbreviations: Fm., Formation; Maas., Maastrichtian; SBZ, Shallow Benthic Zones; U.C., Upper Cretaceous.
Fig. 3 in Three shell types in Mardinella daviesi indicate the evolution of a paratrimorphic life cycle among late Paleocene soritid benthic foraminifera
Fig. 3. Megalospheric forms of soritid foraminifer Mardinella daviesi (Henson, 1950) from the Thanetian, Paleocene of Iran. A. Gmm13980F41b, centred section of a gamont (A2) individual. C, E, G. Gmm13980F39a, Gmm13980F39c, Gmm13980F41c, respectively, juvenile schizonts (A1) in equatorial (C, G) and axial (E) views. B, H. Gmm13980F40e, Gmm13980F41d, respectively, equatorial section of an adult schizont. D. Gmm13980F39b, subaxial sections of two adult schizonts. F. Gmm13980F39d, equatorial section of an adult schizont; note the crosswise oblique disposition of pillars. Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 2. Microspheric B in Three shell types in Mardinella daviesi indicate the evolution of a paratrimorphic life cycle among late Paleocene soritid benthic foraminifera
Fig. 2. Microspheric B forms (agamonts) of soritid foraminifer Mardinella daviesi (Henson, 1950) from the Thanetian, Paleocene of Iran. A. Gmm13980F40a, subaxial oblique section; note the brood chambers in the adult reproductive stage of growth (arrows). B. Gmm13980F40b, axial section showing empty brood chambers (two-headed arrow) on both sides of the specimen. C. Gmm13980F40c, subequatorial section. D. Gmm13980F40d, oblique section with some brood chambers (two-headed arrow). E. Gmm13980F41a, fragment of shell with five brood chambers; note the irregularly disposed beams. Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Convergent evolution of shell shape in freshwater limpets: the African genus Burnupia
Figure 1. General shell shape, size and chirality of the taxa studied. Shells are derived from the populations utilized here, but not necessarily from the specimen used for DNA work. The representative for the genus Burnupia is B. stenochorias. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Figure 2 in Convergent evolution of shell shape in freshwater limpets: the African genus Burnupia
Figure 2. Bayesian phylogram for basommatophoran taxa based on 2423 nucleotide positions of combined COI and 18S rRNA sequences showing the 50% majority-rule consensuses of topologies sampled during the Bayesian search. The tree was rooted with the outgroup Acroloxus lacustris. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site according to the model of sequence evolution applied. Posterior probabilities are provided above the branches. Note that the topology of a maximum likelihood phylogram (not presented here) is identical with the Bayesian phylogram. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support (1000 replicates) is indicated below the branches. Family assignments follow Boss (1982). Ambiguous assignments are indicated by hatchings.
Did shell-crushing predators drive the evolution of ammonoid septal shape?
<p class="AbstractSummary">For centuries, paleontologists have sought functional explanations for the uniquely complex internal walls (septa) of ammonoids, extinct shelled cephalopods. Ammonoid septa developed increasingly complex fractal margins, unlike any modern shell morphologies, throughout more than 300 million years of evolution. Some have suggested these morphologies provided increased resistance to shell-crushing predators. We perform the first physical compression experiments on model ammonoid septa using controlled, theoretical morphologies generated by computer-aided design and 3D printing. These biomechanical experiments reveal that increasing complexity of septal margins does not increase compression resistance. Our results raise the question of whether the evolution of septal shape may be tied closely to the placement of the siphuncle foramen (anatomic septal hole). Our tests demonstrate weakness in the centers of uniformly thick septa, supporting work suggesting reinforcement by shell-thickening at the center of septa. These experiments highlight the importance of 3D reconstruction using idealized theoretical morphologies that permit the testing of long-held hypotheses of functional evolutionary drivers by recreating extinct morphologies once rendered physically untestable by the fossil record.</p>
Dataset from Nature Materials paper: Amorphous nickel hydroxide shell tailors local chemical environment on platinum surface for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
<p>Dataset of the paper "Amorphous nickel hydroxide shell tailors local chemical environment on platinum surface for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction" accepted in Nature Materials.</p> <p>- GCGA_inputs.zip: A zip file containing all needed input files to run a grand canonical genetic algorithm (GCGA) global optimization structure search. Note that the script would need modifications to be compatible with later version of the GOCIA package, please following the most updated instructions at https://github.com/zishengz/gocia</p> <p>- GCGA_Ni12OxHy_all_samples.db: An ASE database file containing all unique structures from the GCGA search of Ni12OxHy on a Pt(111) surface. </p> <p>- GM_Ni12O25H13.vasp: The structure of the global minimum structure from GCGA search, which is also the surface structure we focused on in this study, in VASP structure format.</p> <p>- rxn_structures.zip: A zip file containing the structures of reaction intermediates investigated in this work, in VASP structure format</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Global diversification dynamics since the Jurassic: Low dispersal and habitat-dependent evolution explain hotspots of diversity and shell disparity in River Snails (Viviparidae)
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Supplementary data for: A Cnidarian affinity for Salterella and Volborthella: Implications for the evolution of shells
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Did shell-crushing predators drive the evolution of ammonoid septal shape?
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Data from: The early composition and evolution of the turtle shell (Reptilia, Testudinata)
The shell of the oldest true turtle (Testudinata) branch (Proterochersidae) from the Late Triassic (Norian) of Poland and Germany was built in its anterior and posterior part from an osteodermal mosaic which developed several million years after the plastron, neurals, and costal bones. The most detailed description of the shell composition in proterochersids thus far is provided together with a review of the shell composition in other Triassic pantestudinates, the scenario of early evolution of the turtle shell is proposed based on new data, and the possible adaptive meaning of the observed evolutionary changes is discussed. These observations are consistent with the trend of shell simplification previously reported in turtles. Several aspects of proterochersid shell anatomy are intermediate between O. semitestacea and more derived turtles, supporting their stem phylogenetic position. Three additional ossifications were sutured to xiphiplastra and pelvis in Proterochersis spp. and at least in some individuals the nuchal bone was paired. The peripherals, suprapygals, and pygal bone are most likely of osteodermal origin and homologous to the proterochersid shell mosaic.
Fig. 11 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 11. Shape PCA performed exclusively on barcoded Quadrulella cell morphology based on the test length (L), breadth (B), L/B ratio and the size of plates [min./max. values and surface of nine plates (µm2)]. The shape PCA was performed according to the MRA method (Baur and Leuenberger, 2011). Q. madibai can be discriminated based on its very small B/L ratio and its high aperture/B ratio (cf. Table 4), although it is not visible on the PCA.
Fig. 12. Morphological comparison between Quadrulella symmetrica s.s. and Q in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 12. Morphological comparison between Quadrulella symmetrica s.s. and Q. cf. symmetrica cells using MRA method. The shape PCA was performed using the same parameters as in Fig. 11.
Fig. 1 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 1. Schematic demonstration of measured axes of the test: (1) length, (2) breadth, (3) width of aperture (pseudostome) and (4) width of the shell plates (scales).
Fig. 10 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 10. Morphological comparison of Gibbocarina galeata comb. nov. (previously Nebela galeata) and Mrabella subcarinata gen. nov., comb. nov. (previously Quadrulella subcarinata). (a) line drawing of Gibbocarina galeata from Congo by Gauthier-Lièvre (1957). (b and c) scanning and light micrographs of M. subcarinata from South Africa. Scale bars = 50 µm (a) and 20 µm (b).
Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 3. Light micrographs of barcoded Quadrulella symmetrica s.s. cells: (a) cell Q-75; (b) cell Q-83; (c) cell Q-81; (d) cell Q-90; (e) cell Q-63; (f) cell Q-73; (g) cell Q-51; (h) cell Q-102; (i) cell Q-100; (j) cell Q-95; (k) cell Q-82; (l) cell Q-51. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Fig. 4 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 4. Light micrographs of two Quadrulella madibai sp. nov. barcoded cells: (a) cell Q-11; (b) cell Q-9. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Fig. 7 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 7. Light micrographs of three barcoded Mrabella subcarinata cells (previously known as Quadrulella subcarinata): (a) cell Q-1; (b) cell Q-2; (c) cell Q- 16. Scale bars = 20 µm (in a and b) and 50 µm (in c).
Fig. 6 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 6. Light micrographs of barcoded Quadrulella alata cells: (a) cell Q-8; (b) cell Q-7; (c) cell Q-17; (d) cell Q-15. Scale bars = 20 µm (in a and b) and 50 µm (in c and d).
Fig. 5 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 5. Light (a) and scanning electron (b) micrographs of Quadrulella quadrigera from Australia. Image (a) has been stacked with Combine ZP. Scale bars = 40 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.