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Enclosure/exclosure experiments in a montane Puerto Rican stream examining direct and indirect effects of two dominant taxa of atyid (Atyidae) shrimp, Atya lanipes Holthius and Xiphocaris elongata Guerin-Meneville (Shrimp/ Algae/ Oecologia (1993))
Freshwater shrimp dominate the faunal biomass of many tropical headwater streams: however, their role in community organization is unclear. Enclosure/exclosure experiments in a montane Puerto Rican stream examined direct and indirect effects of two dominant taxa of atyid (Atyidae) shrimp, Atya lanipes Holthius and Xiphocaris elongata Guerin-Meneville. Both shrimp taxa caused significant reductions in sediment cover on rock substrata, reducing sedimentation and enhancing algal biovolume on clay tiles in cages. When tiles incubated in shrimp exclosures for 2 wks were placed outside of cages, atyid shrimp removed 100% of sediment cover within a 30 min. observation period. Atyid shrimp appear to play an important role in stream recovery after high discharge events in rapidly removing sediments and detritus deposited on benthic substrata in pools. We evaluated the mechanism by which A. lanipes influences algae and benthic insects by comparing patterns of algal biomass, taxonomic composition and shrimp-presence treatments both with and without manual sediment removal. The shrimp exclusion treatment without manual sediment removal had significantly lower algal biomass and greater sedimentation than all other treatments. The treatment in which shrimp were excluded but sediment was manually removed, however, accrued almost the same algal biovolume as the shrimp enclosure treatment, supporting the hypothesis that sediment removal enhances the biovolume of understory algal taxa. Algal community composition was similar between stream bottom bedrock exposed to natural densities of shrimp and all experimental treatments for both Atya and Xiphocaris: a diatom community strongly dominated (78-95%) by the adnate taxon, Achnanthes lanceolata Breb ex. Kutz. Atyid shrimp are important in determining the distribution and abundance of benthic insects through both direct and indirect effects. Sessile, retreat-building chironomid larvae (Chironomidae: Diptera) are negatively affected by bo
Effects of biotic (shrimp) and abiotic (discharge) factors on the depositional environment quantified in a montane stream in Puerto Rico. (Shrimp/Algae/Can J. Fish Aquat. Sci. (1994))
Effects of biotic (shrimp) and abiotic (discharge) factors on the depositional environment were quantified in a montane stream in Puerto Rico. Electricity was used experimentally to exclude large (approximately >1cm in length) biota without artificially increasing sedimentation as in cage enclosure/exclosure experiments in stream systems. Shrimp (>1cm in length) were excluded from substrata by semicircular fence hooked up to battery-powered fence chargers which emitted continuous pulses of electricity. Unelectrified control substrata had natural high densities of atyid shrimp. Significantly greater masses of total sediment, fine and large organic particles, and algal biovolume occurred in shrimp exclusion treatments relative to controls. Shrimp exclusion treatments experienced slow and steady accumulation of sediments under base flow conditions and a large stepwise increase in sediment following a storm. No measurable sediment accrued in the presence of natural densities of shrimp under base flow conditions. Shrimp rapidly removed sediments that accrued during the storm (440-620 g*m2 dry mass-1), decreasing sediment mass in control treatments to near prestorm levels (5-13 g*m2 dry mass-1) within 30 h. Atyid shrimp can significantly affect the accumulation of organic and inorganic materials on rock substrata in stream pools between high-discharge events. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Shrimp populations variability in numbers and sizes in response to disturbance and seasons on 20 pools along the reach of Quebrada Prieta, Luquillo Experimental Forest
Shrimp populations were monitored at approximately 3 week intervals to determine the variability in numbers and sizes of each species in response to disturbance and seasons. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
leaf litter decomposition experiment In QPA and QPB - visual shrimp observations 2019
Visual shrimp observations from pools associated with 2019 in-situ leaf litter decomposition experiment. Shrimp abundance was recorded over two-minute intervals within pools in Quebrada Prieta A and Quebrada Prieta B. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Shrimp populations in Quebrada Prieta (Pools 0, 8, 9, 15) (El Verde)
Freshwater shrimp from the Quebrada Prieta (a tributary to the Sonadora in the Espiritu Santu drainage, have been censused 6 times yearly since 1988. Atya lanipes, Xiphocaris elongata and Macrobrachium spp. are regularly captured and comprise the species in this dataset. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Spatial and temporal differences in shrimp numbers (1 year, 20 pools)
We added woody debris to stream pools in three streams in an experiment designed to increase cover for freshwater shrimp. We trapped four species of freshwater shrimp during 4 months following wood additions. Stream pool morphology was estimated using maximum depth, surface area, and volume. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Physical and chemical attributes of Quebrada Prieta, Bisley 3, Bisley 5, and Toronja related to shrimp populations measurements
Physical parameters, and sizes of two species of freshwater shrimps (Atya lanipes and Xiphocaris elongata) in four headwater streams (Prieta, Toronja, Bisley 3 and Bisley 5) have been censused 2 times yearly since 1998 to determine the effects of predatory fishes on shrimp size and spatial distributions of pools relative to locations of waterfalls. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
StreamFRE-Shrimp assemblages in Prieta Stream
Stream Flow Reduction Experiment (StreamFRE) shrimp assemblages in Prieta Stream. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Habitat Utilization and Pairing Patterns of Mutualistic Shrimps and Gobies from 7 Indo-Pacific regions
We analyzed network level specialization for eight Indo-Pacific networks of obligate, mutualistic gobies and shrimps, and elucidated ecological and evolutionary factors driving specialization. To accomplish this we collected and analyzed data on species pairings in Moorea, French Polynesia (lat. -17.49, long. -149.84), Kenting, Taiwan (lat. 21.95, long. 120.76), and Kimbe Bay, New Britain, Papua New Guinea (PNG; lat. -5.50, long. 150.12), and combined these observations with previously published data from Seychelles Islands (Polunin and Lubbock 1977), Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Cummins 1979), Red Sea, Israel (Karplus et al. 1981), Japan (Yanagisawa 1984), and the Gulf of Thailand, Thailand (Nakasone and Manthachitra 1986). We also systematically collected and analyzed habitat data for shrimps and gobies in Moorea, Taiwan, and PNG. We found specialization was affected by variability in habitat use for both gobies and shrimps and by phylogenetic history for shrimps. Habitat use was phylogenetically conserved among shrimp, and thus effects of shrimp phylogeny on partner choice were mediated in part by habitat. By contrast, habitat use and pairing patterns in gobies were not related to phylogenetic history. This asymmetry appears to result from evolutionary constraints on partner use in shrimps and convergence among distantly-related gobies to utilize burrows provided by multiple shrimp species. Results indicate that the evolution of mutualism is affected by life history characteristics that transcend environments and that different factors constrain interactions in disparate ecosystems. These data are associated with this publication: Thompson AR, Adam TC, Hultgren KM, Thacker CE (in press). Ecology and evolution affect network structure in an intimate marine mutualism. The American Naturalist. This is a collection of short term studies spanning 1972 to 2011.
Fig. 3 in A new western Atlantic snapping shrimp of the Alpheus macrocheles group (Caridea, Alpheidae) revealed by morphological, molecular and color data
Fig. 3. Alpheus ramosportoae sp. nov., paratype, ♂, from seamounts of the North Chain, Ceará, northeastern Brazil (MOUFPE 13703). A. Second pereiopod, lateral view. B. Third pereiopod, lateral view. C. Fourth pereiopod, lateral view. D. Fifth pereiopod, lateral view. E–G. Third to fifth pereiopods, detail of propodus, lateral view. H–I. Third and fourth pereiopods, detail of dactylus. Scale bars: A–G = 0.5 mm; H–I = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 1 in A new western Atlantic snapping shrimp of the Alpheus macrocheles group (Caridea, Alpheidae) revealed by morphological, molecular and color data
Fig. 1. Alpheus ramosportoae sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, ♂, from off Recife, state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil (MOUFPE 19470). A. Carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view (setae omitted). B. Same, lateral view. C. Tooth on ventromesial carina of antennular peduncle. D. Left mandible, mesial view. E–L. Paratype, ♂, from seamounts of the North Chain, Ceará, northeastern Brazil (MOUFPE 13703). E. First maxilla, lateral view. F. Second maxilla, lateral view. G. First maxilliped, lateral view. H. Second maxilliped, lateral view. I. Third maxilliped, lateral view. J. Telson and uropods, dorsal view (setae omitted). K. Uropod, detail of the distolateral angle of the exopod. L. Uropod, detail of the posteerior margin of endopod. Scale bars: A–B, J = 1 mm; C–I, K–L = 0.5 mm.
Figure 4 in First records of a leptestherid clam shrimp in Australia (Crustacea, Spinicaudata, Leptestheriidae, Eoleptestheria)
Figure 4. Females of Eoleptestheria ticinensis from Kuranda, Queensland (A,C,D) and from Benmore Well clay pan, Western Australia (B,E,F). A, B carapaces, growth lines not shown as they are too numerous C, E heads D, F telsons. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Caridina variabilirostris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae), a new species of freshwater shrimp from Pohnpei (Micronesia)
Fig. 2. Neighbour-Joining tree of the 16S sequences of the specimens. Numbers on branches indicate bootstrap values. Letters 'M' indicate specimens firstly identified as Caridina mertoni and letters 'B' indicate specimens firstly identified as Caridina brachydactyla.
Fig. 1 in Caridina variabilirostris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae), a new species of freshwater shrimp from Pohnpei (Micronesia)
Fig. 1. Map of Pohnpei Island showing sampling stations (black dots) with their number (refers to Table 1).
Fig. 4 in Caridina variabilirostris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae), a new species of freshwater shrimp from Pohnpei (Micronesia)
Fig. 4. Caridina variabilirostris sp. nov., showing drawings made from different specimens: a. ♂, cl 3.5 mm, general appearance (MNHN-IU-2018-244). c–d. ♀, cl 3.5 mm (MNHN-IU-2018-250). c. Right mandible. d. First maxilla. b, e–h. ♀, cl 4.8 mm, (MNHN-IU-2018-238). b. Left mandible. e. Second maxilla. f. Third maxilliped. g. Second maxilliped. h. First maxilliped.
Fig. 7 in Two new species of shrimp of the Indo-West Pacific genus Hamodactylus Holthuis, 1952 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Fig. 7. Hamodactylus pseudaqabai sp. nov., ♂, allotype (PoCL 1.4 mm, N. Sulawesi, RMNH. CRUS.D.57007) (A, F–G), and ovigerous ♀ (PoCL 2.2 mm, Sabah, Malaysia, RMNH.CRUS.D.53969) (B–E). A–B. Carapace and rostrum, lateral view. C. Anterior carapace and appendages, dorsal view. D. Tail fan, dorsal view. E. Same as previous, tip of telson. F. First male pleopod. G. Second male pleopod. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D = 1.25 mm; E = 0.25 mm; F–G = 1 mm.
Fig. 4 in Two new species of shrimp of the Indo-West Pacific genus Hamodactylus Holthuis, 1952 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Fig. 4. Hamodactylus paraqabai sp. nov., ♀, paratype (PoCL 1.6 mm, Madang, Papua New Guinea, MNHN-IU-2013-11090), mouthparts. A. Mandible. B. Same as previous, turned. C. Same as previous,
Fig. 2 in Two new species of shrimp of the Indo-West Pacific genus Hamodactylus Holthuis, 1952 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Fig. 2. Hamodactylus paraqabai sp. nov., ovigerous ♀, holotype (PoCL 1.5 mm; Madang, Papua New Guinea). A. Carapace and rostrum, lateral. B. Anterior cephalothorax and appendages, dorsal. C. Sixth abdominal segment, telson and uropod, dorsal. D. Posterior part of telson, dorsal. E. Antennule, detail of distolateral angle of proximal segment and lateral border of intermediate segment. F. Distolateral angle of uropodal exopod, dorsal. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 9 in Two new species of shrimp of the Indo-West Pacific genus Hamodactylus Holthuis, 1952 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Fig. 9. Hamodactylus pseudaqabai sp. nov., ovigerous ♀, paratype (PoCL 2.2 mm, Sabah, Malaysia, RMNH.CRUS.D.53969). A. Chela of left first pereiopod. B. Same as previous, detail of fingers. C. Right second pereiopod. D. Same as previous, detail of chela. E. Right third pereiopod. F. Same as previous, dactylus and distal part of propodus. Scale bars: A, C, E = 1 mm; B, D, F = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 11 in Two new species of shrimp of the Indo-West Pacific genus Hamodactylus Holthuis, 1952 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Fig. 11. Results of molecular analyses of Hamodactylus spp. A. Phylogenetic tree resolved by Maximum Likelihood based on COI sequence data with the HKY+I+G substitution model (bootstrap values are expressed as percentages in the order ML/BI; GenBank accession numbers are provided for all specimens; newly described species are in bold). B. Median-joining haplotype network showing phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes of the COI gene of two new species of Hamodactylus (yellow colour denotes haplotypes sampled in Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea; green in Lizard Island, Australia; blue in Sabah, Malaysia; red in Sulawesi, Indonesia); small black circles represent missing (hypothesised) haplotypes to connect existing sequences within the network with maximum parsimony.
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