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235 results for “silica”
Silica Nanoparticles Enhance Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis Plants - RAW DATA
<p>These datasets are used to produce the figures/graphs published in our article</p> <p><strong>Silica Nanoparticles Enhance Disease Resistance in <em>Arabidopsis</em> Plants</strong></p> <p>in <em>Nat. Nanotechnol.</em> (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-00812-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-00812-0</a></p> <p> </p><p><strong>Correspondence: </strong></p> <p></p> <p>fabienne.schwab@alumni.ethz.ch, Tel: +41 78 736 00 19;</p> <p>m.shetehy@uky.edu, Tel. +41 76 455 56 02</p> <p>Further raw data related to qPCR and microbiology are available upon reasonable request from M.H. El‑Shetehy.</p> <p>Further raw data related to the nanoparticles and plant microscopy are available upon reasonable request by F. Schwab.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>In plants, pathogen attack can induce an immune response known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) that protects against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In the search for safer agrochemicals, silica nanoparticles (SiO<sub>2</sub>‑NPs, food additive E551) have recently been proposed as a new tool. However, initial results are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms of SiO<sub>2</sub>‑NP-induced disease resistance are unknown. Here, we show that SiO<sub>2</sub>‑NPs, as well as soluble orthosilicic acid (Si(OH)<sub>4</sub>), can induce SAR in a dose-dependent manner, that involves the defence hormone salicylic acid. Nanoparticle uptake and action occurred exclusively through stomata (leaf pores facilitating gas exchange) and involved extracellular adsorption in leaf air spaces of the spongy mesophyll. In contrast to treatment with SiO<sub>2</sub>‑NPs, induction of SAR by Si(OH)<sub>4 </sub>was problematic, since high concentrations caused stress. We conclude that SiO<sub>2</sub>‑NPs have the potential to serve as an inexpensive, highly efficient, safe, and sustainable alternative for plant disease protection.</p>
DAS Control over the spatial correlation of silica perforations in thin films as a function of solution conditions
<p><span>Dataset production context : A perforated silica layer with structural correlation is engineered using sol-gel chemistry, applied to large-scale flat and curved sur-faces. The anion(s) used in the preparation give tailored spatial correlation, and control over perforation size and density. Surface structuration is rapidly and reproducibly created using water and salts as inexpensive and ecofriendly reagents.</span></p>
The effect of solvent on convectively-driven silica particle assembly: Decoupling surface tension,viscosity, and evaporation rate
<p>Dataset associated with 'The effect of solvent on convectively-driven silica particle assembly: Decoupling surface tension, viscosity, and evaporation rate’.</p> <p>The data is based on the figures below, published in the linked article (see the doi).</p> <p><strong>- Figure 1. S</strong>egmented and raw images of dip-coated films. <strong>(images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure 2. </strong>Calculated surface coverages <strong>(data, .csv)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure 3. </strong>Rheology on SiO<sub>2</sub>-iPrOH-Glycerol mixtures & SEM micrographs of particle films. <strong>(data, .csv; images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure 4. </strong>SEM micrographs of silica helices films. <strong>(images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S1. </strong>Measured evaporated masses of each solvent as a function of time. <strong>(data, .csv)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S2. </strong>TEM micrographs of SiO2 seeds and measured particle diameters. <strong>(data, .csv; images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S3. </strong>TEM micrographs of SiO particles and measured particle diameters. <strong>(data, .csv; images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S4. </strong>Calculated solvent fractions as a function of time. <strong>(data, .csv)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S5.</strong> Rheology of i-PrOH-glycerol mixtures.<strong> (data, .csv)</strong></p>
Silica solubility and dissolution kinetics at high saline geothermal conditions
<p>This dataset contains solubility data for silica as a function of time, temperature and salinity. The dataset supports Chapter 2 in the deliverable “Report on mineral solubility and precipitation at high salinities, DOI: https://doi.org/10.48440/gfz.4.8.2023.001 from the H2020 project REFLECT.</p> <p>The silica material used as solid substrate for the dissolution studies was pro analysis sea sand (purified by acid washing and calcinated for analysis) from Merck. The sand grain size (125-250 µm) included in the experiments was obtained by sieving the material. The sieved powder was washed with tap water to remove fine grains from the samples, and dried prior to experiments. The BET surface area of the sand was measured to 0.69 m<sup>2</sup>/g and the weighted mean particle size distribution (PSD) was 118 µm. The crystallographic structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and this analysis showed that the sample contained mainly low-quartz (minimum 95% w/w) with a few unidentified impurities. SEM/EDS maps of the silica powder showed essentially pure silica with minor Al impurity. Some grains or regions are enriched in Al and K, suggesting some aluminium silicate. Some minor spots rich in Ti, Fe and Cr were also detected.</p> <p>The experiments conducted to study silica solubility at equilibrium conditions were performed at five different temperatures (100, 125, 150, 175 and 200°C) and four salinities (NaCl concentrations 50.9, 103.6, 215.7 and 338.1 g/kg H<sub>2</sub>O). The columns containing SiO<sub>2</sub> and NaCl solutions where isolated for a reaction time of six days before fluid sampling (Table1 “Silica solubility at high saline geothermal conditions”).</p> <p>The experiments conducted to study silica solubility kinetics were performed for different time periods (from 1 hour up to 144 hours) to study solubility as a function of time. These tests were conducted at 200°C with NaCl concentration 50.92 g/kg and 338.09 g/kg H<sub>2</sub>O (Table2 “Silica solubility kinetics at high saline geothermal conditions”).</p> <p>The experimental setup consists of packed static columns. Maximum four columns (length 40 cm, i.d. 10.22 mm, stainless steel SS316) packed with the material to study can be placed in parallel within the setup. Porous metal frits (HC276) are placed at the outlet and inlet of the columns to prevent entrainment of the material. Approximately 50 g of dried SiO<sub>2</sub> powder is required to fill a column completely and the pore volume was measured gravimetrically to be approximately 15 ml. Two Gilson 307 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pumps are included in the setup. One for filling and displacing column pore fluid and one for diluting the fluid prior to sampling, preventing precipitation of dissolved silica due to depressurization and cooling. Pressure was maintained by a dome loaded backpressure regulator (BPR) from CoreLab at the column outlet and liquid samples were collected using a fraction collector (Gilson FC203B). The setup of columns and inlet/outlet valves was placed in a heating cabinet (Memmert). The columns were thermally insulated to prevent instabilities in temperature and hence pressure when opening the heating cabinet during sampling.</p> <p>The columns are flooded with degassed NaCl fluid at a low flow rate and pressurized initially to 25 bars while temperature is increased slowly to the desired level. The time of start is noted, the brine pump is shut off, and the individual columns isolated by closing inlet and outlet valves. After a period (hours, days, or weeks) samples are withdrawn from the columns and diluted at the mixing point by re-opening the valves and operating both HPLC pumps. A dilution factor of 8.5 is selected to prevent precipitation. For each sampling five samples of 2 ml is collected (totally 10 ml of fluid). The two first samples are considered to contain mainly dead volumes from tubing, fittings and valves and are therefore discharged. The three last samples represent the pore fluid from the column. These samples are analysed for Si and NaCl concentration. The NaCl concentration was analysed to keep control of the dilution step of the sampling process.</p> <p>SiO<sub>2</sub> and NaCl concentrations were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The elements Si and Cl (ICP-MS) or Si and Na (ICP-EOS) were detected.</p> <p>The Si concentration from the analysis was reported as mg/L solution. From this concentration the concentration of SiO<sub>2</sub> in the samples were calculated and reported as mol/kg H<sub>2</sub>O. The conversion from liter solution to kg H<sub>2</sub>O was done using the OLI software for density calculations.</p>
Silica dissolution and precipitation kinetics in hot geothermal conditions
<p>This dataset report quartz dissolution kinetics as obtained from packed column experiments at different flow rates. Variables were temperature, pressure and NaCl content as incicated in the table. Silica values are reported as mg/L of Si as measured by ICP-OES. Also included in the table is a column describing how data series were treated to extract steady-state values for each flow rate (cf. the report to which the current dataset is related). The column "solubility used" states the solubility used to calculate dissolution (k<sub>+</sub>) and precipitation (k<sub>-</sub>) rate constants along with a column "source" which briefly indicates how this value was obtained. Further details are given in the report.</p> <p>Factors used to get from the raw data to the reported rate constants are also given. Not included in the table, but common for all data points are a quartz BET surface are of 0.6922 m<sup>2</sup>/g, 10 g quartz and a quartz activity assumed to be 1.</p> <p>Note that this dataset contain several measurement points that are not representative. These include points close do equilibrium where kinetic information cannot be reliably obtained and points where it is suspected that a temperature drop during sampling may have caused erroneous results (the Si content actually represents a somewhat lower temperature that was not measured). The reader is referred to the full report for details.</p>
Influence of cation concentration and valence on the structure and texture of spray-dried supraparticles from colloidal silica dispersions
<p>These datasets display the raw data for the manuscript: Huanhuan Zhou, Philipp Groppe, Thomas Zimmermann, Susanne Wintzheimer, Karl Mandel, Influence of cation concentration and valence on the structure and texture of spray-dried supraparticles from colloidal silica dispersions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Volume 658,<br>2024, Pages 199-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.051.</p> <p>The data connection file serves as an explanation for all datasets and their connection to the data displayed in the manuscript.</p>
Dataset for "Doped and structured silica optical fibres for fibre laser sources"
<p>The dataset represents the experimental data for publication "Doped and structured silica optical fibres for fibre laser sources."</p>
Alkali-silica reaction. A multi-disciplinary approach. Supplementary Materials: Movie file.
<p>Movie file being part of the Supplementary Materials document of the manuscript with the same title and submitted to the <a href="https://letters.rilem.net/index.php/rilem">RILEM Technical Letters</a>.</p>
theoretical and experimental study of the deposition of dielectric stacks on twin-hole silica fibers for implementation of compact all-fiber resonators
<p>This dataset includes the Matlab code to engineer theoretically a Bragg stack made of different dielectric layers. By changing the number of alternating stacks, their thickness and the refractive index of each layer it is possible to obtain the transmission curve of the Bragg stack versus the wavelength of the light in a certain range of values. The dataset includes also the experimental measurements of the resonances related to one of the fabricated compact resonators (based on the twin-hole fiber not poled) and obtained sweeping the wavelength of the input light injected through one of the two Bragg stacks and collecting the power at the exit of the other Bragg stack. </p>
Nature of GaOx Shells Grown on Silica by Atomic Layer Deposition
<p>Raw data for the article "Nature of GaOx Shells Grown on Silica by Atomic Layer Deposition", already published in Chemistry of Material.</p>
Data for "Randomizing the Growth of Silica Nanofibers for Whiteness"
<p>This dataset contains the raw data used for the publication "Randomizing the Growth of Silica Nanofibers for Whiteness".</p>
Estimating the silica content and loss-on-ignition in the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes datasets: a recursive inversion approach
<p>Abstract:</p> <p>A novel method of estimating the silica (SiO2) and loss-on-ignition (LOI) concentrations for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes (NASGL) project datasets is proposed. Combining the precision of the geochemical determinations with the completeness of the mineralogical NASGL data, we suggest a ‘reverse normative’ or inversion approach to calculate first the minimum SiO2, water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in weight percent (wt%) in these samples. These can be used in a first step to compute minimum and maximum estimates for SiO2. In a recursive step, a ‘consensus’ SiO2 is then established as the average between the two aforementioned estimates, trimmed as necessary to yield a total composition (major oxides converted from reported Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Ti elemental concentrations + ‘consensus’ SiO2 + reported trace element concentrations converted to wt% + ‘normative’ H2O + ‘normative’ CO2) of no more than 100 wt%. Any remaining compositional gap between 100 wt% and this sum is considered ‘other’ LOI and likely includes H2O and CO2 from the reported ‘amorphous’ phase (of unknown geochemical or mineralogical composition) as well as other volatile components present in soil. We validate the technique against a separate dataset from Australia where geochemical (including all major oxides) and mineralogical data exist on the same samples. The correlation between predicted and observed SiO2 is linear, strong (R2 = 0.91) and homoscedastic. We also compare the estimated NASGL SiO2 concentrations with another publicly available continental-scale survey over the conterminous USA, the ‘Shacklette and Boerngen’ dataset. This comparison shows the new data to be a reasonable representation of SiO2 values measured on the ground over the same study area. We recommend the approach of combining geochemical and mineralogical information to estimate missing SiO2 and LOI by the recursive inversion approach in datasets elsewhere, with the caveat to validate results.</p> <p>Datasets:</p> <p>The original geochemical and mineralogical data for soils of the conterminous United States (A and C horizon datasets) were downloaded from <a href="https://mrdata.usgs.gov/ds-801/">https://mrdata.usgs.gov/ds-801/</a>.</p> <p>The ‘Shacklette and Boerngen’ dataset was downloaded from <a href="https://mrdata.usgs.gov/ussoils/">https://mrdata.usgs.gov/ussoils/</a>.</p> <p>A worked example for the five selected samples of Figure 5 is available as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (NALG_Ch_oxides_with_estimated_SiO2_LOI_worked example.xlsx) on Zenodo.org.</p> <p>The new datasets including sample identification, coordinates, converted major oxide concentrations, and the concentration estimates for SiO<sub>2</sub> and LOI in wt% for the A and C horizon datasets from the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes (NASGL) project are available as comma separated value files (NALG_Ah_oxides_with_estimated_SiO2_LOI.csv and NALG_Ch_oxides_with_estimated_SiO2_LOI.csv) on Zenodo.org.</p>
The functions of cholera toxin subunit B as a modulator of silica nanoparticle endocytosis
<p>The gastrointestinal tract is the main target of orally ingested nanoparticles (NPs) and at 9 the same time exposed to noxious substances, such as bacterial components. We investigated the 10 interaction of 59 nm silica (SiO2) NPs with differentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells in the pres-11 ence of cholera toxin subunit B (CTxB) and compared the effects to J774A.1 macrophages. CTxB can 12 affect cellular functions and modulate endocytosis via binding to the monosialoganglioside (GM1) 13 receptor, expressed on both cell lines. After stimulating macrophages with CTxB, we observed no-14 table changes in the membrane structure but not in Caco-2 cells and no secretion of the pro-inflam-15 matory cytokine TNF-α was detected. Cells were then exposed to 59 nm SiO2 NPs and CtxB sequen-16 tially and simultaneously, resulting in a high NPs uptake in J774A.1 cells but no uptake in Caco-2 17 cells was detected. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that exposure of J774A.1 cells to CTxB resulted 18 in a significant reduction in the uptake of SiO2 NPs. In contrast, the uptake of NPs by highly selective 19 Caco-2 cells remained unaffected following CTxB exposure. Based on colocalization studies, CTxB 20 and NPs might enter cells via shared endocytic pathways, followed by their sorting into different 21 intracellular compartments. Our findings provide new insights into the CTxB function to modulate 22 SiO2 NPs uptake in phagocytic but not in differentiated intestine cells.</p>
Increased uptake of silica nanoparticles in inflamed macrophages but not upon co-exposure to micron-sized particles
<p>Silica nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in various industrial and biomedical applications. Little is known about the cellular uptake of co-exposed silica particles, as can be expected in our daily life. In addition, an inflamed microenvironment might affect a NP’s uptake and a cell’s physiological response. Herein, prestimulated mouse J774A.1 macrophages with bacterial lipopolysaccharide were post-exposed to micron- and nanosized silica particles, either alone or together, i.e., simultaneously or sequentially, for different time points. The results indicated a morphological change and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha in lipopolysaccharide prestimulated cells, suggesting a M1-polarization phenotype. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the intracellular accumulation and uptake of both particle types for all exposure conditions. A flow cytometry analysis showed an increased particle uptake in lipopolysaccharide prestimulated macrophages. However, no differences were observed in particle uptakes between single- and co-exposure conditions. We did not observe any colocalization between the two silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) particles. However, there was a positive colocalization between lysosomes and nanosized silica but only a few colocalized events with micro-sized silica particles. This suggests differential intracellular localizations of silica particles in macrophages and a possible activation of distinct endocytic pathways. The results demonstrate that the cellular uptake of NPs is modulated in inflamed macrophages but not in the presence of micron-sized particles.</p>
Vertical profiles of in-situ biogenic silica (bSi) from discrete rosette bottle samples from CCE-LTER starting with cruise P1706.
Samples are taken at discrete depths from rosette bottles in the California Current Ecosystem and measured for biogenic silica (bSi) concentration to create bSi depth profiles. Diatom community and physiology affect biogenic silica concentration. These data are being used to investigate the effects of Fe limitation on carbon and silica cycling in the CCE.
Dataset From: Structural and double layer forces between silica surfaces in suspensions of negatively charged nanoparticles
<p>The dataset for the publication "Structural and double layer forces between silica surfaces in suspensions of negatively charged nanoparticles". DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02917.</p> <p>Files containing data have .dat extension and are in text format</p>
Data from: Plant uptake offsets silica release from a large Arctic tundra wildfire
Rapid climate change at high latitudes is projected to increase wildfire extent in tundra ecosystems by up to five-fold by the end of the century. Tundra wildfire could alter terrestrial silica (SiO2) cycling by restructuring surface vegetation and by deepening the seasonally-thawed active layer. These changes could influence the availability of silica in terrestrial permafrost ecosystems and alter lateral exports to downstream marine waters, where silica is often a limiting nutrient. In this context, we investigated the long-term effects of the largest Arctic tundra fire in recent times on plant and peat amorphous silica content and dissolved silica concentration in streams. Ten-years after the fire, vegetation in burned areas had 73% more silica in aboveground biomass compared to adjacent, unburned areas. This increase in plant silica was attributable to significantly higher plant silica concentration in bryophytes and increased prevalence of silica-rich gramminoids in burned areas. Tundra fire redistributed peat silica, with burned areas containing significantly higher amorphous silica concentrations in the O-layer, but 29% less silica in peat overall due to shallower peat depth post burn. Despite these dramatic differences in terrestrial silica dynamics, dissolved silica concentration in tributaries draining burned catchments did not differ from unburned catchments, potentially due to the increased uptake by terrestrial vegetation. Together, these results suggest that tundra wildfire enhances terrestrial availability of silica via permafrost degradation and associated weathering, but that changes in lateral silica export may depend on vegetation uptake during the first decade of post-wildfire succession.
Silica dissolution under a flow of pure water at pressure and temperature conditions relevant to geothermal energy extraction
<p>This dataset is a published product of the 'REFLECT' Project - a Horizon Europe project which aims to inform the processes of geothermal energy extraction by determining the effect of relevant fluid properties and reactions in order to enhance predictive geochemical modelling and thus the energy exploitation and life-time of geothermal power plants.</p><p>The dataset records the concentration of silica measured in water that had been passed through a packed column of quartz grains at temperatures from 200 to 450°C and pressures from 150 to 450 bar. Concentrations are reported as g/ml SiO2, measured photometrically. The reader is referred to the full report for deliverable 1.4 of the REFLECT project for details of the experimental set up and interpretation of the data.</p><p>Silica concentrations marked with (a) are believed to be artificially reduced compared to the rest of the dataset due to a reduction in the surface density of active sites during some of the highest dissolution experiments. The final column lists the chronological order in which the measurements were taken to assist with interpretation of this factor.</p><p>The density marked with (b) represents the density of water at 150 bar and 342°C, rather than the measured condition of 148 bar and 344°C. This is to reflect the fact that the solubility measurement suggests the presence of a liquid phase - the conditions chosen represent the closest point on the phase boundary to the measured conditions. The discrepancy may reflect a small shift in the phase envelope due to silica dissolution in addition to any uncertainty in the <i>pT</i> measurements.</p>
Characterization of Functionalized Chromatographic Nanoporous Silica Materials by Coupling Water Adsorption and Intrusion with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry
<p>This data publication is based on the metadata and datasets underlying the manuscript "Characterization of Functionalized Chromatographic Nanoporous Silica Materials by Coupling Water Adsorption and Intrusion with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c04330"><span>https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c04330</span></a>)</p> <p>Included are the datasets used, raw and processed data of Adsorption measurements (Water, Ar 87K, N2 77K), Water Intrusion measurements, NMR Relaxometry and solid state MAS NMR measurements. More information can be found in the Readme file.</p> <p> </p>
Quantitative in situ measurement of optical force along a strand of cleaved silica optical fiber induced by the light guided therewithin
<p>This dataset is associated with "Quantitative in situ measurement of optical force along a strand of cleaved silica optical fiber induced by the light guided therewithin", by Mikko Partanen, Hyeonwoo Lee, and Kyunghwan Oh, Photonics Res. 9, 2016 (2021) [https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.433995].</p> <p>It includes data files and Matlab (R2017b) scripts to allow for the replication of the figures. The data files give the oscillator mirror position in the units of nanometers measured at the rate of 200 times per second.</p>
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OpenNeuro
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