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25 results for “skipper butterflies”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Butterflies and Skippers of Alberta Project.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Butterflies and Skippers of Alberta Project". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/846296d6-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/846296d6-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/846296d6-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a">https://gbif.org/dataset/846296d6-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Reduced palatability, fast flight, and tails: Decoding the defence arsenal of Eudaminae skipper butterflies in a Neotropical locality
<p>Prey often rely on multiple defences against predators, such as flight speed, attack deflection from vital body parts, or unpleasant taste, but our understanding on how often and why they are co-exhibited remains limited. Eudaminae skipper butterflies use fast flight and mechanical defences (hindwing tails), but whether they use other defences like unpalatability (consumption deterrence), and how these defences interact, has not been assessed.</p> <p>We tested the palatability of 12 abundant Eudaminae species in Peru, using training and feeding experiments with domestic chicks. Further, we approximated the difficulty of capture explained by flight speed and quantified by wing loading. We performed phylogenetic regressions to find any association between multiple defences, body size, and habitat preference.</p> <p>We found a broad range of palatability in Eudaminae, within and among species. Contrary to current understanding, palatability was negatively correlated with wing loading, suggesting that faster butterflies tend to have lower palatability.</p> <p>The relative length of hind wing tails did not explain the level of butterfly palatability, showing that attack deflection and consumption deterrence are not mutually exclusive. Habitat preference (open or forested environments) did not explain the level of palatability either, although butterflies with high wing loading tended to occupy semi-closed or closed habitats.</p> <p>Finally, the level of unpalatability in Eudaminae is size dependent. Larger butterflies are less palatable, perhaps because of higher detectability/preference by predators. Altogether, our findings shed light on the contexts favouring the prevalence of single vs. multiple defensive strategies in prey.</p>
Data from: Reduced palatability, fast flight, and tails: Decoding the defence arsenal of Eudaminae skipper butterflies in a Neotropical locality
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Habitat management interventions for a specialist mid- successional grassland butterfly, the Lulworth Skipper
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Global climate cooling spurred skipper butterfly diversification
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Fig. 2 in Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator
Fig. 2. Last-instar caterpillars of 10 species in the A. fulgerator complex from the ACG. Interim names reflect the primary larval food plant and, in some cases, a color character of the adult.
Fig. 3 in Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator
Fig. 3. NJ tree based on Kimura-2-Parameter distances for COI DNA sequences from 466 individuals of the A. fulgerator complex from the ACG. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total sample size for each interim taxon, rectangles caricature caterpillar color patterns, and black backgrounds indicate groups of 10 conspecifics with identical sequences.
Fig. 1. Newly eclosed female A in Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator
Fig. 1. Newly eclosed female A. fulgerator (species LOHAMP, voucher code 02-SRNP-9770) from the ACG.
Fig. 1 in The Chinese species of skipper butterflies in the tribe Tagiadini Mabille, 1878 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): insights from phylogeny, hostplants, and biogeography
Fig. 1 Previous major phylogenetic studies on Tagiadini. Trees presented in individual studies were pruned to depict the relative relationships of representatives included in the present study. (Warren et al., 2008, 2009; Sahoo et al., 2017; Toussaint et al., 2018; Li et al., 2019)
Fig. 3 in The Chinese species of skipper butterflies in the tribe Tagiadini Mabille, 1878 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): insights from phylogeny, hostplants, and biogeography
Fig. 3 Chronogram of Tagiadini divergence based on mean tmrca estimates. The scale bar is in units of millions of years. Lettered nodes are those for which tmrca was estimated. A filled star denotes a node for which a prior calibration was used. The results of the best BioGeoBEARS model (DEC + j) are also presented. Only the most
Explosive Cenozoic origin and diversity-dependent diversification dynamics shaped the evolution of Australian skipper butterflies
<p><span>Australia was predominantly tropical for most of the early Cenozoic, then transitioned to a cooler and drier climate in the Oligocene. In response to this increasing aridity, some lineages adapted to more xeric ecosystems, contracted, or became restricted to increasingly fragmented mesic refugia, or went extinct. Yet, the lack of macroevolutionary studies at a continental scale precludes a better understanding of Australian biodiversity patterns and processes during the Cenozoic. Here, we infer a robust dated phylogenomic tree for a radiation of Australian endemic butterflies, the Trapezitinae skippers, to test the impact of biotic and abiotic drivers on Cenozoic diversification dynamics in Australia. These butterflies originated during the Eocene (<em>ca</em>. 42 Ma) in the mesic biome of Australia. Trapezitinae exploded in diversity during a cool, dry period in the late Oligocene and early Miocene, then experienced a sharp deceleration in speciation. Xeric ecosystems appear to have been colonized more recently, supporting the hypothesis of arid and semi-arid biomes as evolutionary sinks. Temperature-dependent and phytophagy-dependent diversification models received little support. Instead, we find evidence for diversity-dependent processes with a declining diversification in Trapezitinae likely linked to limited ecological opportunities following a rapid initial burst of diversification.</span></p>
Explosive Cenozoic origin and diversity-dependent diversification dynamics shaped the evolution of Australian skipper butterflies
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Data from: Anchored phylogenomics illuminates the skipper butterfly tree of life
Butterflies (Papilionoidea) are perhaps the most charismatic insect lineage, yet phylogenetic relationships among them remain incompletely studied and controversial. We sequenced nearly 400 loci using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment and sampled all tribes and more than 120 genera of skippers (Hesperiidae), one of the most species-rich and poorly studied butterfly families. Maximum-likelihood, parsimony and coalescent multi-species methods all converged on a novel, robust phylogenetic hypothesis for skippers. Different optimality criteria and methodologies recovered almost identical phylogenetic trees with strong nodal support at nearly all taxonomic levels. Our results support Coeliadinae as the sister group to the remaining skippers, the monotypic Euschemoninae as sister group to all other subfamilies but Coeliadinae, and the monophyly of Eudaminae plus Pyrginae. Within Pyrginae, Celaenorrhinini and Tagiadini are sister groups, the Neotropical firetips, Pyrrhopygini, are sister to all other tribes but Celaenorrhinini and Tagiadini. Achlyodini is recovered as the sister group to Carcharodini, and Erynnini as sister group to Pyrgini. Within Hesperiinae, there is strong support for the monophyly of Aeromachini plus remaining Hesperiinae. The giant skippers (Agathymus and Megathymus) once classified as a single subfamily, are recovered as monophyletic with strong support, but are deeply nested within grass skippers (Hesperiinae). These results enhance understanding of the evolution of one of the most species-rich butterfly families.
Figure 2 from: Zhang J, Cong Q, Shen J, Brockmann E, Grishin NV (2019) Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 861: 91-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34686
Figure 2 Phylogenetic trees. The trees are constructed from protein-coding regions of a nuclear genome b Z-chromosome, and c mitochondrial genome. The trees are rooted with Pterourusglaucus (NVG-1670). Specimen names are not shown in the Z-chromosome tree and can be deduced from the nuclear tree by corresponding dotted lines. Details about specimens are in Suppl. material 1: Table S1. Sections of the tree corresponding to different subfamilies are highlighted in different colors. Names of new subfamilies and specimens in them are highlighted yellow. Names of other subfamilies are shown by their clades in the nuclear tree.
Figure 1 from: Zhang J, Cong Q, Shen J, Brockmann E, Grishin NV (2019) Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 861: 91-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34686
Figure 1 Sequenced specimens from the new Hesperiidae subfamilies. DNA sample numbers are given for each specimen, additional data are in the Suppl. material 1: Table S1 aOrtholexisholocausta syntype, NVG-18053C02 bOrtholexishollandi, NVG-18082A08 cOrtholexismelichroptera, holotype of Acallopistesdimidia Holland, 1896; NVG-18053C05 dOrtholexismelichroptera, holotype, NVG-18053A06 eKatreusjohnstonii, NVG-18053B05 fChamundachamunda, NVG-18086E02 gBarcabicolor, NVG-17069C10 hApostictopterusfuliginosus, NVG-17069C12.
Supplementary material 1 from: Zhang J, Cong Q, Shen J, Brockmann E, Grishin NV (2019) Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 861: 91-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34686
: Data type: table, text and DNA sequences
Figure 4 from: Zhang Y, Yuan X, Gao K, Yuan F (2014) Ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of four skipper butterflies in Parnara sp. and Pelopidas sp. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 399: 17-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.399.7063
Figure 4 - The sensilla auricillica of Parnara guttata (a) Parnara bada (b) Pelopidas mathias (c) and Pelopidas agna (d).
Figure 5 from: Zhang Y, Yuan X, Gao K, Yuan F (2014) Ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of four skipper butterflies in Parnara sp. and Pelopidas sp. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 399: 17-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.399.7063
Figure 5 - The sensilla coeloconica of Parnara guttata (a) Parnara bada (b) Pelopidas mathias (c) and Pelopidas agna (d). SCo sensilla coeloconica
Figure 3 from: Zhang Y, Yuan X, Gao K, Yuan F (2014) Ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of four skipper butterflies in Parnara sp. and Pelopidas sp. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 399: 17-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.399.7063
Figure 3 - (a) The sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichode and scales on the flagellum of Parnara guttata (b) the sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichode and sensilla coeloconica on the flagellum of Parnara bada (c) the sensilla chaetica and sensilla trichode on the flagellum of Pelopidas mathias (d) the sensilla chaetica and sensilla trichode on the flagellum of Pelopidas agna. Sc Scales; SCh sensilla chaetica; ST sensilla trichodea; SCo sensilla coeloconica.
Figure 2 from: Zhang Y, Yuan X, Gao K, Yuan F (2014) Ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of four skipper butterflies in Parnara sp. and Pelopidas sp. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 399: 17-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.399.7063
Figure 2 - (a) sensilla squamiformia on the flagellum of Parnara guttata (b) sensilla squamiformia of Parnara bada (c) sensilla squamiformia of Pelopidas mathias (d) sensilla squamiformia of Pelopidas agna. SQ sensilla squamiformia.
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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