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29 results for “skull size”
Raw landmarks related to the paper, "Evolution under intensive industrial breeding: skull size and shape comparison between historic and modern pig lineages "
<p>PLEASE NOTE: This dataset has been superseeded by an updated version which has the correct number of specimens as referred to in the below article. It can be accesssed at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14262754</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Raw coordinates (p x k = 82 x 3) of domestic and wild pig skulls that form the dataset for the paper, "­Evolution under intensive industrial breeding: skull size and shape comparison between historic and modern pig lineages "</p>
Fig. 3 in Differences In Skull Size Of Harbour Porpoises, Phocoena Phocoena (Cetacea), In The Sea Of Azov And The Black Sea: Evidence For Different Morphotypes And Populations
Fig. 3. The skull measurements of the harbour porpoises from the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea: 1 — zygomatic width vs rostrum width at the mid-point; 2 — parietal width vs rostrum width at the mid-point.
Fig. 4 in Differences In Skull Size Of Harbour Porpoises, Phocoena Phocoena (Cetacea), In The Sea Of Azov And The Black Sea: Evidence For Different Morphotypes And Populations
Fig. 4. Черепа морских свиней, Phocoena phocoena relicta, из Азовского и Чёрного морей, вид сверху: 1 — Азовское море, самец; 2 — Азовское море, самка; 3 — Чёрное море, самец; 4 — Чёрное море, самка. Фото М. П. Чоповди.
Fig. 2 in Differences In Skull Size Of Harbour Porpoises, Phocoena Phocoena (Cetacea), In The Sea Of Azov And The Black Sea: Evidence For Different Morphotypes And Populations
Fig. 2. Skull proportions of the harbour porpoises from the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea (mean ± standard deviation is presented as the box, upper and lower limits as the lines): 1 — zygomatic width as the CBL percentage; 2 — rostrum width at the mid-point as the CBL percentage.
Fig. 1 in Altitudinal Variation Of Skull Size In Daurian Pika (Ochotona Daurica Pallas, 1868)
Fig. 1. Skull measurements of Daurian pika (Ochotona daurica) vary with altitude, where GLC stands for greatest length of skull, MB for mastoid breadth and NL for nasal length. The entire measurement unit was millimetre (mm) except the skull size, which was centimeter cube (cm3). The results indicate that all of the measurements are negatively correlated with altitude, for skull size: r = –0.420, P <0.001, n = 123; for GLC: r = –0.565, P <0.001, n = 123; for MB: r = –0.191, P = 0.031,
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I Left lateral aspect of skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus; one- fifth the natural size. Abbreviations.-D, lateral temporal fossa; DN, dentary; J, jugal; L, lachrymal; MX, maxilla; N, nasal; NO, nasal opening; OR, orbit; PD, predentary; PF, prefrontal; PM, premaxilla; Q, quadrate; QJ, quadrato-jugal; S, squamosal; SA, surangular. in On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I Left lateral aspect of skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus; one- fifth the natural size. Abbreviations.-D, lateral temporal fossa; DN, dentary; J, jugal; L, lachrymal; MX, maxilla; N, nasal; NO, nasal opening; OR, orbit; PD, predentary; PF, prefrontal; PM, premaxilla; Q, quadrate; QJ, quadrato-jugal; S, squamosal; SA, surangular.
Figure 2 in Interspecific and intraspecific size and shape variation in skull of two closely related species Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) from Turkey
Figure 2. Location of 17 two-dimensional landmarks on the dorsal (A) and ventral (B) skull side of a common toad. A. Dorsal side: 1. Snout tip, 2. Anterior end of suture between premaxilla and maxilla, 3. Anterior end of nasal, 4. Lateralmost point of nasal, 5. Mostanterior point of frontoparietal, 6. Lateralmost point of nasal (posterior), 7. Middle point of the median edge of frontoparietal, 8. Mostposterior median point of frontoparietal, 9. Posterior end of suture between frontoparietal and prootic, 10. Anterior end of suture between frontoparietal and prootic, 11. Middle point of the lateral edge of frontoparietal, 12. Mostanterior point of squamosal, 13. Posterior end of squamosal in contact with prootic, 14. Mostposterior point of prootic, 15. Mostposterior point of maxilla, 16. Posterior end of quadrate, 17. Medial tip of occipital. B. Ventral side: 1. Anteriormost point of premaxilla, 2. Anteriolateral end of premaxilla, 3. Mostposterior median end of premaxilla, 4. Posteriolateral end of premaxilla, 5. Lateralmost point of vomer, 6. Mostposterior end of vomer, 7. Most median point of palatine, 8. Anteriolateral end of palatine, 9. Posteriolateral end of palatine (anterior end of suture between palatine and pterygoid or anterior end of pterygoid), 10. Posteriomedian end of pterygoid, 11. Posteriolateral end of pterygoid, 12. Lateralmost end of parasphenoid, 13. Mostanterior median end of parasphenoid, 14. Mostposterior median end of parasphenoid, 15. Posterior end of maxilla in contact with quadratojugal, 16. Posterior end of quadratojugal, 17. Mostposterior end of occipital condyl.
Figure 1 in Interspecific and intraspecific size and shape variation in skull of two closely related species Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) from Turkey
Figure 1. Distribution map of Bufo bufo (blue) and Bufo verrucosIssImus (yellow) in Turkey according to IUCN Red List and Özdemir et al. (2020), and geographical positions of analysed populations.
Figure 3 in Interspecific and intraspecific size and shape variation in skull of two closely related species Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) from Turkey
Figure 3. The positions of the specimens in morphospaces defined by the first two principal axes derived from covariance matrices of skull shape variables. Blue dots; B. bufo, yellow dots; B. verrucosissimus. DC: dorsal cranium, VC: ventral cranium.
Fig. 4. Bivariate graphs for the Smilodon populator specimen MNHN-P 957. A in An extremely large saber-tooth cat skull from Uruguay (late Pleistocene -early Holocene, Dolores Formation): body size and paleobiological implications
Fig. 4. Bivariate graphs for the Smilodon populator specimen MNHN-P 957. A, PM3 transverse diameter (PM3ML) versus PM3 anteroposterior diameter (PM3AP); B, PM4 transverse diameter (PM4ML) versus PM4 anteroposterior diameter (PM4AP). Data from different sources (see Material and methods).
Figure 3. Bivariate graphs for the Smilodon populator specimen MNHN-P 957. A in An extremely large saber-tooth cat skull from Uruguay (late Pleistocene -early Holocene, Dolores Formation): body size and paleobiological implications
Figure 3. Bivariate graphs for the Smilodon populator specimen MNHN-P 957. A, zygomatic width (ZW) versus condylobasal length (CBL); B, canine transverse diam- eter (CML) versus canine anteroposterior diameter (CAP). Data from different sources (see Material and methods).
Data from: Profound reversible seasonal changes of individual skull size in a mammal
Postnatal size changes in most vertebrates are unidirectional and finite once the individual reaches full size. In rare cases, changes of body length may occur in response to harsh environmental conditions. Such reactionary changes are distinct from seasonal, often anticipatory morphological changes, such as the reversible size change of some adult bird brains. A unique pattern of profound anatomical change known as Dehnel's phenomenon has been described for the body, skull and brain size of red-toothed shrews and some mustelids. The seasonal 20% decrease and 15% re-growth of the most common proxy, braincase height, were documented at population level from extracted skulls post-mortem. Quantifying intra-individual change had so far been methodologically prohibitive. Here, we followed the intra-individual change in skull size and body mass throughout the full cycle in wild recaptured shrews (Sorex araneus). Using X-ray images we showed that individuals decreased the size of their braincases in anticipation of winter by an average of 15.3%. Braincases then partially regrew in spring by 9.3%. Body mass decreased by 17.6% and then dramatically increased by 83.4% in spring. Thus, we demonstrate that the dramatic changes incurred by Dehnel's phenomenon occur in the individual's bone and other tissues.
Distribution. SW Brazil, known only from two sites, the type locality in Rondonia and Juruena (Mato Grosso State)Descriptive notes Head-body ¢.230 mm, tail ¢.80 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. Rondon's Tuco-tuco is medium-sized. Dorsal hairs are pale at bases and sepia at tips. Head and venterare slightly rufous, and tail is uniform brown. Skull is robust and depressed. Inter-maxillaries are also robust, with lateral protruding expansion; maxillaries are narrow; and mandible is strong and wide. Supraorbital process protrudes, and traverse occipital-temporal crest is straight. Bullae are inflated. in Ctenomyidae
Distribution. SW Brazil, known only from two sites, the type locality in Rondonia and Juruena (Mato Grosso State)Descriptive notes Head-body ¢.230 mm, tail ¢.80 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. Rondon's Tuco-tuco is medium-sized. Dorsal hairs are pale at bases and sepia at tips. Head and venterare slightly rufous, and tail is uniform brown. Skull is robust and depressed. Inter-maxillaries are also robust, with lateral protruding expansion; maxillaries are narrow; and mandible is strong and wide. Supraorbital process protrudes, and traverse occipital-temporal crest is straight. Bullae are inflated.
The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996). in Muridae
The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996).
Distribution. NE Egypt (coastal region of Sinai), S Israel (Negev Desert), and Palestine. Descriptive notes. Head-body 130-170 mm, tail 120-180 mm, ear 17-22 mm, hindfoot 30-41 mm; weight 125-275 g. A medium-sized jird, Buxton's Jird has tail of about same length as head-body length and partially hairy soles of hindfeet. Bicolored tail ends with well-developed pencil of black hairs. Dorsal pelage is reddish sandy, diffusely speckled with black hairs, and ventral is white. Enlarged tympanic bullae project over back of skull and represent c.35-37% ofskull length. Karyotype 2n = 46. in Muridae
Distribution. NE Egypt (coastal region of Sinai), S Israel (Negev Desert), and Palestine. Descriptive notes. Head-body 130-170 mm, tail 120-180 mm, ear 17-22 mm, hindfoot 30-41 mm; weight 125-275 g. A medium-sized jird, Buxton's Jird has tail of about same length as head-body length and partially hairy soles of hindfeet. Bicolored tail ends with well-developed pencil of black hairs. Dorsal pelage is reddish sandy, diffusely speckled with black hairs, and ventral is white. Enlarged tympanic bullae project over back of skull and represent c.35-37% ofskull length. Karyotype 2n = 46.
The effects of changing climate on skull size in the common shrew
<p><span>We assesed the impact of the changes in climate on the overall skull size (the proxy of the overall body size) and the seasonal changes of skull height (Dehnel's phenomenon) in skulls of the common shrew, Sorex araneus, collected over 50 years in the Białowieża Forest, E Poland. Overall skull size decreased, along with increasing temperatures and decreasing soil moisture, which determined the availability of the shrews' main food source, earthworms. The magnitude of Dehnel's phenomenon increased over time, indicating an increasing selection pressure on animals in winter. Two files include the data on 1) the size of the skulls of Sorex araneus collected in the Białowieża Forest between 1953 and 2004; and 2) the meteorological data from Białowieża, from 1952 to 2004.</span></p>
Figure 2. Skull size estimation. A in Fossil lizard from central Europe resolves the origin of large body size and herbivory in giant Canary Island lacertids
Figure 2. Skull size estimation. A, skull of Lacerta viridis, showing data measured. B, linear relationship between frontal length and skull length. Estimations of skull lengths of fossil species are marked by red dots: lower left, Pseudeumeces cadurcensis; upper right, Janosikia ulmensis comb. nov.
Data from: Profound reversible seasonal changes of individual skull size in a mammal
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Data from: Growth overshoot and seasonal size changes in the skulls of two weasel species
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The effects of changing climate on skull size in the common shrew
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