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146 results for “social behaviour”
Kappeler PM et al, 2013: Mammalian Social Behaviour
<p>Kappeler PM, Barrett L, Blumstein DT, Clutton-Brock TH. 2013. Constraints and flexibility in mammalian social behaviour: introduction and synthesis. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2013 368 20120337; DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0337</p>
Italian TikTok users online behaviour patterns and social attitudes (survey)
<p>Survey of 500 young TikTok users (18-35) in Italy covering online behaviour patterns and social attitudes</p>
Supplementary material for: "Who gets the pole position? Spatial and social behaviour of snowfinches at winter feeders in Alpine habitat"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><span>In collective foraging, an individual’s ability to compete with conspecifics can considerably influence its foraging strategy and success. Strong competitors can fight for prioritised access to food, while weak competitors may avoid aggressions and rather seek out less contested foraging opportunities. However, insecure access to food can be detrimental to weak competitors, especially during periods of low and unpredictable resource availability. Here we investigated individual foraging behaviour of White-winged snowfinches <em>Montifringilla nivalis</em>, specialists of alpine habitats and their strategies for coping with competition for food resources in winter. A difference in condition dependence of survival rates between males and females in this species has made us hypothesise that males may be more dominant in accessing food resources than females. We set up artificial experimental food patches in the Swiss Alps to observe foraging male and female snow finches and recorded their behaviour in interactions with conspecifics and their spatial position relative to the food. We found that individuals frequently occupying positions close to the food resources were more involved in agonistic interactions than individuals staying in more distant positions.</span><span> </span><span>This result suggests that different individuals use different foraging strategies, probably depending on their level of competitiveness. Furthermore, we observed males to forage slightly closer to the food source than females,</span><span> </span><span>which could imply that females may have less access to artificial feeders than males. </span></p>
Review of Recent Trends in Measuring the Computing Systems Intelligence-igure 2. Intelligence of different living creature (accessed 01.11.2017). 2.1. A crow solving a complex task (https://www.disclose.tv/spooky-genius-crow-had-to-be-removed-from-scientific-experiment- 314886). 2.2. A group of dolphins with a social behaviour (http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2012/04/teamwork-builds-big-brains); 2.3. An orangutan that use a spear to fish (https://primatology.net/2008/04/29/orangutan-photographed-using-tool-as-spear-to-fish)
<p>Some species of birds have been shown capable of using different tools. Many studies consider the crows as very intelligent. Smirnova, Lazareva, and Zorina (2000) suggested that crows have some kind of numerical ability. Figure 2.1 presents a crow that uses a tool, a small stone in order to catch a worm from a glass of water.The dolphins in many studies are considered intelligent at the individual level. An advanced ability of dolphins is the self-awareness. Marten and Psarakos (1995) presented an interesting study based on self-view television to distinguish between self-examination and social behavior in the Bottlenose dolphin. The most well-known abilities of dolphins are to teach, learn and cooperate. Dolphins have a complex communication and social behaviour. Figure 2.2 presents the image of a common group of dolphins. Some studies prove that primates are one of the most intelligent in the class of animals (Reader, Hager, & Laland, 2011). Orangutans are one of the most intelligent primates. The ability of orangutans to use different types of tools in order to perform tasks is well-known. Figure 2.3 presents an orangutan that uses a spear to catch fish. The orangutans can be considered intelligent at individual level.</p>
Figure 1 in Social behaviour and life history of membracine treehoppers
Figure 1. Social behaviour and life history characteristics of treehoppers. (A) Egg-guarding behaviour of Guayaquila (Aconophorini), eggs are deposited on the surface of the stem and covered by accessory secretion, Volcan, Panama, 2000; (B) a nymphal aggregation of Metcalfiella nigrihumera (Hoplophorionini) guarded by a
Effect of social context on behaviour in anemonefish hierarchies
<p>Animal social groups can be organized in hierarchies where individual status determines privileges within the group, and stability is maintained through conflict (aggression-submission) and cooperation. Aggression, submission, and cooperation are not homogeneous among group members and are influenced by social context and associated trade-offs. However, studies of rank-specific behaviours are rare which limits our understanding of these patterns. Here, we performed rank ascension experiments using 15 groups of <em>Amphiprion clarkii</em>, a relatively mobile anemonefish, to assess rank-specific behaviour related to social context. We showed that: promoted ranks increased cooperation rates compared to non-promoted ranks to fulfil the tasks associated with their new status within the group; group size had no effect on group cooperation rates and subordinates did not increase cooperation after group size reduction; and frequency of one-on-one agonistic encounters within the group was asymmetric and higher for lower ranks. Thus, subordinates modulate rates of cooperative behaviour according to their status, irrespective of their body size or group size, and experience more conflict than dominants as they attempt to maintain their position in the hierarchy and avoid eviction. We provide evidence that social context in the form of rank has an important effect on individual behaviour and appears to be the key driver of cooperation and within-group conflict.</p>
Data for: Intergenerational genotypic interactions drive collective behavioural cycles in a social insect
<p>Many social animals display collective activity cycles based on synchronous behavioural oscillations across group members. A classic example is the colony cycle of army ants, where thousands of individuals undergo stereotypical biphasic behavioural cycles of about one month. Cycle phases coincide with brood developmental stages, but the regulation of this cycle is otherwise poorly understood. Here, we probe the regulation of cycle duration through interactions between brood and workers in an experimentally amenable army ant relative, the clonal raider ant. We first establish that cycle length varies across clonal lineages using long-term monitoring data. We then investigate the putative sources and impacts of this variation in a cross-fostering experiment with four lineages combining developmental, morphological, and automated behavioural tracking analyses. We show that cycle length variation stems from variation in the duration of the larval developmental stage, and that this stage can be prolonged not only by the clonal lineage of brood (direct genetic effects), but also of the workers (indirect genetic effects). We find similar indirect effects of worker line on brood adult size and, conversely but more surprisingly, indirect genetic effects of the brood on worker behaviour (walking speed and time spent in the nest).</p>
Increased water temperature and turbidity act independently to alter social behaviour in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Changes in environmental conditions can shift the costs and benefits of aggregation or interfere with the sensory perception of near neighbours. This affects group cohesion with potential impacts on the benefits of collective behaviour such as reduced predation risk. Organisms are rarely exposed to one stressor in isolation, yet there are only a few studies exploring the interactions between multiple stressors and their effects on social behaviour. Here we tested the effects of increased water temperature and turbidity on refuge use and three measures of aggregation in guppies (<em>Poecilia</em> <em>reticulata</em>), increasing temperature and turbidity in isolation or in combination. When stressors were elevated in isolation, the distribution of fish within the arena as measured by the index of dispersion became more aggregated at higher temperatures but less aggregated when turbidity was increased. Another measure of cohesion at the global scale, the mean inter-individual distance, also indicated that fish were less aggregated in turbid water. This is likely due to turbidity acting as a visual constraint, as there was no evidence of a change in risk perception as refuge use was not affected by turbidity. Fish decreased refuge use and were closer to their nearest neighbour at higher temperatures. However, nearest-neighbour distance was not affected by turbidity, suggesting that local-scale interactions can be robust to the moderate increase in turbidity used here (5 NTU) compared to other studies which show a decline in shoal cohesion at higher turbidity (>100 NTU). We did not observe any significant interaction terms between the two stressors, indicating no synergistic or antagonistic effects. Our study suggests that the effects of environmental stressors on social behaviour may be unpredictable and dependent on the metric used to measure cohesion, highlighting the need for mechanistic studies to link behaviour to the physiology and sensory effects of environmental stressors.</p>
Figure 2 in Origin of adaptations to open environments and social behaviour in sabretoothed cats from the northeastern border of the Tibetan Plateau
Figure 2. Tip-dating phylogeny of Machairodontinae. Biogeographic hypotheses (BioGeoBEARS implemented in RASP 4.2) are located at the nodes, with pie charts indicating the posterior probabilities of that node being present in a given geograpical region. The dispersal curves (for Machairodontini only, from M. aphanistus to Homotheriina) are located at the bottom of the figure. See the posterior probability of each node of the tip-dating phylogenetic analysis in the electronic supplementary material, appendix. The reconstruction of Homotherium serum from data in digimorph (http://www.digimorph.org/index.phtml). The photo of Machairodus aphanistus from Batallones comes from https://fossilhuntress.blogspot.com/2016/10/, the others are by the authors.
Figure 1 in Origin of adaptations to open environments and social behaviour in sabretoothed cats from the northeastern border of the Tibetan Plateau
Figure 1. (a) Cranium of Amphimachairodus hezhengensis sp. nov. HMV2041. a1, dorsal view; a2, anterior view; a3, ventral view; a4, postero-ventral view; a5, lateral view. (b) Geography of fossil locality. (c) Pathology of the MC2 and MC3 of Amphimachairodus sp. HMV2047 forepaw. (d) Large predator contemporary with A. hezhengensis in the Linxia Basin. d1, A. hezhengensis, HMV2041; d2, Dinocrocuta gigantea, HMV2044; d3, Agriotheriini ursid, HMV2046.
Quantifying animal social behaviour with ecological field methods
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Increased water temperature and turbidity act independently to alter social behaviour in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
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Data for: Intergenerational genotypic interactions drive collective behavioural cycles in a social insect
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Foraging behaviour alters with social environment in a juvenile songbird
Early independence from parents is a critical period where social information acquired vertically may become outdated, or conflict with new information. However, across natural populations it is unclear if newly-independent young persist in using information from parents, or if group-level effects of conformity override previous behaviours. Here we test if wild juvenile hihi (<em>Notiomystis cincta</em>, a New Zealand passerine) retain a foraging behaviour from parents, or if they change in response to the behaviour of peers. We provided feeding stations to parents during chick-rearing to seed alternative access routes, and then tracked their offspring's behaviour. Once independent, juveniles formed mixed-treatment social groups, where they did not retain preferences that we detected when with parents. Instead, juvenile groups converged over time to use one access route per group, and juveniles that moved between groups switched to copy the locally-favoured option. Juvenile hihi did not copy specific individuals, even if they were more familiar with the preceding bird. Our study shows that early social experiences with parents affect initial foraging decisions, but social environments encountered later on can update transmission of arbitrary behaviours. This suggests that conformity may be widespread in animal groups, with potential cultural, ecological, and evolutionary consequences.
Data from: Singing behaviour of Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula) in relation to time-of-day, time-of-year, and social context
Observational field studies provide insight on the multifunctional nature of birdsong. For example, if song production were limited to pre-fertilization, then that would suggest a mate attraction function. If it were used throughout the breeding season and in response to intruding males, then that would suggest a territorial defence function. In the present study, we determined the daily and seasonal singing patterns of male Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula) in Labrador, Canada, using microphone arrays in two breeding seasons. Using a playback experiment, we simulated a territorial intrusion to compare the structure of songs produced while defending a territory to the structure of songs produced during solo and contest singing. Singing peaked in the early part of the breeding season and then declined continuously for the remainder of the season, which suggests that the songs function in mate attraction. Singing peaked 2-3 h after dawn, and then declined steadily until it stopped at 2200 h. Some nocturnal singing was observed, but no dawn singing was observed. A high probability of signal overlap by heterospecific songs at dawn would hinder signal recognition and explain the observed delay in peak singing activity. Vocal responses to playback suggested a function in territory defence. However, there were no significant differences in the duty cycle, frequency modulation, and bandwidth of songs in relation to the context of song production, though songs were shorter in the intrusion context than during solo singing. Overall, the study provides the first quantitative description of the effects of time of day, time of year, and social context on singing behaviour in this understudied species.
Data from: Correlational selection on personality and social plasticity: morphology and social context determine behavioural effects on mating success
Despite a central line of research aimed at quantifying relationships between mating success and sexually dimorphic traits (e.g., ornaments), individual variation in sexually selected traits often explains only a modest portion of the variation in mating success. Another line of research suggests that a significant portion of the variation in mating success observed in animal populations could be explained by correlational selection, where the fitness advantage of a given trait depends on other components of an individual's phenotype and/or its environment. We tested the hypothesis that interactions between multiple traits within an individual (phenotype dependence) or between an individual's phenotype and its social environment (context dependence) can select for individual differences in behaviour (i.e., personality) and social plasticity. To quantify the importance of phenotype- and context-dependent selection on mating success, we repeatedly measured the behaviour, social environment and mating success of about 300 male stream water striders, Aquarius remigis. Rather than explaining individual differences in long-term mating success, we instead quantified how the combination of a male's phenotype interacted with the immediate social context to explain variation in hour-by-hour mating decisions. We suggest that this analysis captures more of the mechanisms leading to differences in mating success. Males differed consistently in activity, aggressiveness and social plasticity. The mating advantage of these behavioural traits depended on male morphology and varied with the number of rival males in the pool, suggesting mechanisms selecting for consistent differences in behaviour and social plasticity. Accounting for phenotype and context dependence improved the amount of variation in male mating success we explained statistically by 30–274%. Our analysis of the determinants of male mating success provides important insights into the evolutionary forces that shape phenotypic variation. In particular, our results suggest that sexual selection is likely to favour individual differences in behaviour, social plasticity (i.e., individuals adjusting their behaviour), niche preference (i.e., individuals dispersing to particular social conditions) or social niche construction (i.e., individuals modifying the social environment). The true effect of sexual traits can only be understood in interaction with the individual's phenotype and environment.
Data for: What you have, not who you know: food-enhanced social capital and changes in social behavioural relationships in a non-human primate
<p>Social network position in non-human primates has far-reaching fitness consequences. Critically, social networks are both heterogenous and dynamic, meaning an individual's current network position is likely to change due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. However, our understanding of the drivers of changes in social network position is largely confined to opportunistic studies. Experimental research on the consequences of <em>in situ, </em>controlled<em> </em>network perturbations is limited. Here we conducted a food-based experiment in rhesus macaques to assess whether allowing an individual the ability to provide high-quality food to her group changed her social behavioural relationships. We considered both her social network position across five behavioural networks, as well as her dominance and kin interactions. We found that gaining control over a preferential food resource had far-reaching social consequences. There was an increase in both submission and aggression centrality and changes in the socio-demographic characteristics of her agonistic interaction partners. Further, we found that her grooming balance shifted in her favour as she received more grooming than she gave. Together, these results provide a novel, preliminary insight into how <em>in situ</em>, experimental manipulations can modify social network position and point to broader network-level shifts in both social capital and social power.</p>
Data for the article entitled "ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES, AND ENERGETIC CONSEQUENCES OF FITNESS MAXIMISATION ON DIFFERENT MIGRATORY BEHAVIOURS IN A LONG-LIVED SCAVENGER"
<p>Data used in the statistical analyses of the article entitled "ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES, AND ENERGETIC CONSEQUENCES OF FITNESS MAXIMISATION ON DIFFERENT MIGRATORY BEHAVIOURS IN A LONG-LIVED SCAVENGER"</p>
data and code from: Submissive behaviour is affected by group size in a social fish
<p>This repository contains data on individual aggression and submissive behaviour, collected during laboratory observations of agonistic interactions within <em>Neolamprologus pulcher </em>daffodil cichlids social groups, and the R code used to analyse the data.</p>
Environmental decomposition of olefinic cuticular hydrocarbons of Periplaneta americana generates a volatile pheromone that guides social behaviour
<p>Once emitted, semiochemicals are exposed to reactive environmental factors that may alter them, thus disrupting chemical communication. Some species, however, might have adapted to detect environmentally mediated breakdown products of their natural chemicals as semiochemicals. We demonstrate that air, water vapour and ultraviolet (UV) radiation break down unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of Periplaneta americana (American cockroach), resulting in the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In behavioural assays, nymphs strongly avoided aggregating in shelters exposed to the breakdown VOCs from cuticular alkenes. The three treatments (air, water<br> vapour, UV) produced the same VOCs, but at different time-courses and ratios. Fourteen VOCs from UV-exposed CHCs elicited electrophysiological responses in nymph antennae; 10 were identified as 2-nonanone, 1-pentanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, tetradecanal, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. When short-chain fatty acids were tested as a mix and a blend of the alcohols and aldehyde was tested as a second mix, nymphs exhibited no preference for control or treated shelters. However, nymphs avoided shelters that were exposed to VOCs from the complete 10-compound mix. Conditioned shelters (occupied by cockroaches with faeces and CHCs deposited on the shelters), which are normally highly attractive to nymphs, were also avoided after UV exposure, confirming that breakdown products from deposited metabolites, including CHCs,mediate this behaviour. Our results demonstrate that common environmental agents degrade CHCs into behaviourally active volatile compounds that potentially may serve as necromones or epideictic pheromones, mediating group dissolution.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.