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64 results for “social living”
More social species live longer, have longer generation times, and longer reproductive windows
<p>Data and scripts required to reproduce the results of the manuscript "More social species live longer, have longer generation times, and longer reproductive windows"</p>
Data from: CoAct Citizen Science chatbot explores social support networks in mental health based on lived experiences
<p>A data set on lived experiences in the context of social support in mental health, created within a Citizen Social Science project. </p> <p><br> Societies around the world increasingly encounter wicked and complex problems, such as those related to mental health, environmental justice, and youth employment. <strong>CoAct as a EU-funded global effort</strong> addresses these problems by deploying Citizen Social Science. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Citizen Social Science</strong> is understood here as participatory research co-designed and directly driven by citizen groups sharing a social concern. This methodology wants to give citizen groups an equal ‘seat at the table’ through <strong>active participation in research</strong>, from the design to the interpretation of the results and their transformation into concrete actions. Citizens thus act as <strong>co-researchers</strong> and are recognised as in-the-field competent experts. </p> <p> </p> <p>In Barcelona, a group of <strong>32 co-researchers</strong> work together with the OpenSystems group, Universitat de Barcelona, the Catalan Federation of Mental Health (Federació Salut Mental Catalunya), and with the help of many others on a better understanding of informal <strong>social support networks in mental health</strong> in the project <em>CoActuem per la Salut Mental</em> (lit. “We act together for mental health”). The co-researchers, who are either persons with a personal history of mental health problems or are family members of the latter, contributed their <strong>personal experiences related to social support</strong> in the form of <strong>222 micro-stories</strong>, each shorter than 400 characters, and most accompanied by an illustration by Pau Badia.</p> <p> </p> <p>Those micro-stories form the heart of the first co-created Citizen Science chatbot, the code of which is open on <a href="https://github.com/Chaotique/CoActuem_per_la_Salut_Mental_Chatbot.git">https://github.com/Chaotique/CoActuem_per_la_Salut_Mental_Chatbot.git</a> . The <strong>Telegram chatbot</strong> sends them to participants <strong>on a daily basis over the course of a year</strong> and asks them either, whether they and/ or their close surrounding lived this experience, too (stories of type C), or, how they would or would have reacted in the presented situation (stories of type T). The answers of each participant can be contrasted with the individual participants’ answer to a 32-questions <strong>socio-demographic survey</strong>. Further, the timing of the messages is included to allow for a broader analysis. </p> <p> </p> <p>The chatbot is still running, hence this data set will still be updated. For further information on the project <strong>CoAct</strong>, see <a href="https://coactproject.eu/">https://coactproject.eu/</a>. For further details on the co-creation process and purpose of the chatbot <strong>CoActuem per la Salut Mental</strong>, take a look on <a href="https://coactuem.ub.edu/">https://coactuem.ub.edu/</a>. Please direct your questions regarding the data set to <strong>coactuem[at]ub.edu</strong>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>The CoAct project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 873048. We especially thank the co-researchers for the passion and time invested.</p>
Data from: Status-dependent metabolic effects of social interactions in a group-living fish
<p>Social interactions can sometimes be a source of stress, but social companions can also ameliorate and buffer against stress. Stress and metabolism are closely linked, but the degree to which social companions modulate metabolic responses during stressful situations—and whether such effects differ depending on social rank—is poorly understood. To investigate this question, we studied Neolamprologus pulcher, a group-living cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika, and measured the metabolic responses of dominant and subordinate individuals when they were either visible or concealed from one another. When individuals could see each other, subordinates had lower maximum metabolic rates and tended to take longer to recover following an exhaustive chase compared to dominants. In contrast, metabolic responses of dominants and subordinates did not differ when individuals could not see one another. These findings suggest that the presence of a dominant individual has negative metabolic consequences for subordinates, even in stable social groups with strong prosocial relationships.</p>
Review of Recent Trends in Measuring the Computing Systems Intelligence-igure 2. Intelligence of different living creature (accessed 01.11.2017). 2.1. A crow solving a complex task (https://www.disclose.tv/spooky-genius-crow-had-to-be-removed-from-scientific-experiment- 314886). 2.2. A group of dolphins with a social behaviour (http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2012/04/teamwork-builds-big-brains); 2.3. An orangutan that use a spear to fish (https://primatology.net/2008/04/29/orangutan-photographed-using-tool-as-spear-to-fish)
<p>Some species of birds have been shown capable of using different tools. Many studies consider the crows as very intelligent. Smirnova, Lazareva, and Zorina (2000) suggested that crows have some kind of numerical ability. Figure 2.1 presents a crow that uses a tool, a small stone in order to catch a worm from a glass of water.The dolphins in many studies are considered intelligent at the individual level. An advanced ability of dolphins is the self-awareness. Marten and Psarakos (1995) presented an interesting study based on self-view television to distinguish between self-examination and social behavior in the Bottlenose dolphin. The most well-known abilities of dolphins are to teach, learn and cooperate. Dolphins have a complex communication and social behaviour. Figure 2.2 presents the image of a common group of dolphins. Some studies prove that primates are one of the most intelligent in the class of animals (Reader, Hager, & Laland, 2011). Orangutans are one of the most intelligent primates. The ability of orangutans to use different types of tools in order to perform tasks is well-known. Figure 2.3 presents an orangutan that uses a spear to catch fish. The orangutans can be considered intelligent at individual level.</p>
Data from: Assessing the reproductive consequences of mate retention and pair bond duration in Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda), a short-lived, socially monogamous Neotropical bird
<p><strong>Description for "PairingData_Aspinicauda.xlsx" file.</strong></p> <p>Data from: Assessing the reproductive consequences of mate retention and pair bond duration in Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda), a short-lived, socially monogamous Neotropical bird<br> MS Reference Number: IBIS-2022-OA-113.R2<br> Article DOI: 10.1111/ibi.13183</p> <p>Please address questions to:</p> <p>Esteban Botero D.<br> Guest Scientist<br> Max Planck Institute for Ornithology<br> Dep. Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics<br> Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. 8<br> 82319 Seewiesen, Germany<br> Telephone: +49 8157 932453<br> http://www.orn.mpg.de/en<br> e-mail: eboterod@gmail.com; ebotero@orn.mpg.de</p> <p>=====================================================================================<br> =====================================================================================</p> <p><br> General information:</p> <p>The whole dataset contains breeding data collected from a population of the furnariid Thorn-tailed rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) in north-central Chile (Fray Jorge National Park; 30º38’S, 71º40’W). These data were collected during 2009–2017 as part of a long-term study on the breeding biology of rayaditos. In this study, data were used to evaluate the consequences of mate replacement versus mate retention using 243 breeding attempts made by 159 different breeding pairs. This, in the end, allowed to test whether successive remating conferred reproductive benefits to reunited pairs.</p> <p>The data set is comprised by an Excel file (three spreadsheets) that are explained below.</p> <p>*************************************************************************************</p> <p>Excel file "PairingData_Aspinicauda.xlsx" (created 11-01-2023)</p> <p><br> ********** Spreadsheet "1. AllPairs" **********<br> This spreadsheet contains information from all breeding attempts monitored during the study (n = 243). Each row correspond to a unique breeding attempt. The ring number is used as an ID for each individual. The matrix includes information regarding individual and pair identification, age, previous breeding status (whether an individual is a widow or a divorcee), current pairing status (whether is a newly formed pair or a reunited pair), number of seasons breeding together for each pair, confidence on pairing information for each pair (high: there was absolute confidence on the previous breeding status of both members of a breeding pair; low: when information on previous breeding status was missing for at least one of the members of a pair), and measures of reproductive success (laying day, clutch size, umber of fledglings produced). This dataset can be saved as a *.txt file so that it can be imported into R (R Core Team 2020).</p> <p>The matrix contains the following variables:</p> <p>VARIABLE DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Year Sampling year.<br> Box Nestbox code.<br> FID ID for the breeding female.<br> FMAge Age for each breeding female (yearling: 1; adult: 2).<br> SocMID ID for the breeding male (social father of the clutch).<br> SocMaAge Age for each breeding male.<br> PairID ID for the breeding pair. This is for indexing purposes.<br> FPaSta Previous breeding status of the female (Wid: widow; Div: divorcee; Reu: reunited).<br> MPaSta Previous breeding status of the male (Wid: widow; Div: divorcee; Reu: reunited).<br> PairSta Pairing status for the focal breeding pair (New: newly formed; Reunited: reunited).<br> PairSea No. of seasons breeding together for each pair.<br> Certainty Certainty on previous breeding status (High or Low; see explanation above).<br> LayingD Laying date (number of days in relation to date of first egg in the population).<br> ClutchS Clutch size.<br> NoFle Number of fledging produced.</p> <p><br> ********** Spreadsheet "2. WidowFBre" **********<br> This spreadsheet contains breeding information for females that were monitored in the years before and after mate loss.</p> <p>The matrix contains the following variables:</p> <p>VARIABLE DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Year Sampling year.<br> Box Nestbox code.<br> FID ID for the breeding female.<br> LayingD Laying date during year after mate loss.<br> ClutchS Clutch size during year after mate loss.<br> NoFle Number of fledging produced during year after mate loss.<br> FPaSta Previous breeding status of the female (Wid: widow; Div: divorcee; Reu: reunited).<br> LayingD_x.1 Laying date during year before mate loss (year x-1).<br> ClutchS_x.1 Clutch size during year before mate loss (year x-1).<br> NoFle_x.1 Number of fledging produced during year before mate loss (year x-1).</p> <p><br> ********** Spreadsheet "3. WidowMBre" **********<br> This spreadsheet contains breeding information for males that were monitored in the years before and after mate loss.</p> <p>The matrix contains the following variables:</p> <p>VARIABLE DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Year Sampling year.<br> Box Nestbox code.<br> SocMID ID for the breeding male.<br> LayingD Laying date during year after mate loss.<br> NoFle Number of fledging produced during year after mate loss.<br> MPaSta Previous breeding status of the female (Wid: widow; Div: divorcee; Reu: reunited).<br> LayingD_x.1 Laying date during year before mate loss (year x-1).<br> NoFle_x.1 Number of fledging produced during year before mate loss (year x-1).</p> <p>*************************************************************************************</p> <p><br> =====================================================================================</p> <p><br> Methodological information (for more details, please see the related manuscript):</p> <p>A total of 101–157 nestboxes were installed in Fray Jorge since 2007, and are monitored annually during September–December. We gathered data on reproductive phenology and productivity during 2008–2017 for all nestbox occupants. Nestboxes were initially visited every 3–5 days to detect nest building. Once nestboxes were occupied, we increased the frequency of visits to record data on laying date, clutch size, and the number of hatchlings and fledglings produced (see more details in Botero-Delgadillo et al. 2017). We captured and marked breeding adults and nestlings with numbered aluminium rings when nestlings were 12–14 days old. Additionally, we used mist nets to capture adult birds breeding in natural cavities in our study site. A total of 248 adults (132 females, 116 males) and 730 nestlings were marked. For all nests that were monitored, we marked ~90% of all breeding adults every year.</p> <p>We used data from a total of 243 breeding attempts made by 159 breeding pairs captured during 2009–2017 to describe mating patterns in the study population, including: (i) the duration of social bonds for all breeding pairs formed during the study; (ii) the proportion of newly formed and remated pairs found during the entire study period and during each year; and (iii) the proportion of divorce versus mate loss causing pair dissolution.</p> <p>The consequences of mate retention and successive remating were evaluated by performing mixed-effects models in the lme4 package (Bates et al. 2015) in the free software R 4.0.2 (R Core Team 2020). To assess whether reproductive success was higher for remated pairs than for newly formed pairs, we tested for the effects of pairing status (newly formed vs. remated) on measures of breeding productivity. Linear models were fit for laying date, clutch size, and number of fledglings produced. To control for between-season variation in reproductive output, we calculated Z-scores for all numeric response variables using the mean and standard deviation for each year. All models included age class of both members of a breeding pair as covariates (yearling vs. adult), and female, male and pair ID as random intercepts. First, we performed analyses on the complete set of 243 breeding attempts, and subsequently repeated the analyses on a reduced subset of data that only contained pairs whose previous pairing status was known with certainty (n = 159). This allowed to evaluate potential bias in our results, given that the complete dataset included pairs misclassified as “newly formed”, because the previous pairing status of older individuals that we captured for the first time is unknown.</p> <p>We also investigated whether individuals experienced reduced reproductive success after mate replacement. To test this, we compared breeding productivity of individuals in the years before and after mate loss. We focused the analysis on widowed birds, as the frequency of divorced individuals was low in the study population. We used linear mixed-effects models that included data on laying date, clutch size, and number of fledglings produced as response variables. Each sex was tested separately, with clutch size being evaluated only for females. We included the breeding season as predictor (year x vs. x-1), and entered individual ID as a random intercept.</p> <p>Lastly, to evaluate whether successive remating influenced reproductive success, we used data on pairs that bred more than once together during the study (n = 132). Linear mixed-effects models were fitted to assess the effect of the number of seasons breeding together on laying date, clutch size, and number of fledglings produced. Between-season effects were controlled as described above, while the number of seasons breeding together (range: 1–6) was introduced as predictor. Given the skewed distribution of the number of seasons breeding together in this dataset (one = 36%; two = 36%; three = 17%; four = 8%; five = 2%; six = 1%), and the possibility that its effect on reproductive success might not be linear, a dummy variable indicating whether an observation belonged to the first breeding attempt (first attempt vs. after-first attempt) was also entered as predictor. Models included female and male age class as covariates, and pair ID as a random intercept.</p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>Botero-Delgadillo, E., Quirici, V., Poblete, Y., Cuevas, E., Kuhn, S., Girg, A., Teltscher, K., Poulin, E., Kempenaers, B., & Vásquez, R. A. (2017). Variation in fine-scale genetic structure and local dispersal patterns between peripheral populations of a South American passerine bird. Ecology and Evolution, 7(20), 8363–8378. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3342</p> <p>Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. 2015. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Soft. 67: 1–48.</p> <p>R Core Team. (2020). R: a language and environment for statistical computing, version 4.0.2. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, http://www.R.project.org</p> <p><br> =====================================================================================<br> =====================================================================================</p>
Data from: Status-dependent metabolic effects of social interactions in a group-living fish
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Data from: Age-dependent shaping of the social environment in a long-lived seabird – A quantitative genetic approach
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Vocal communication is seasonal in social groups of wild, free-living house mice
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Data from: Social living simultaneously increases infection risk and decreases the cost of infection
Elevated parasite infection risk is considered to be a near universal cost of social living. However, living in groups may also provide benefits that reduce the negative impacts of infection. These potential 'tolerance' benefits of living socially are theoretically possible, but have rarely been described. In this study, we used an anthelmintic treatment experiment in wild Grant's gazelles (Nanger granti), who are commonly infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), to show that social living confers both costs and benefits related to GIN parasitism. We show that although larger group size increases GIN infection risk, a key cost of GIN infection – the suppression of food intake − is simultaneously moderated by living in larger groups. Our findings help illuminate the complex role parasites play in the evolution of host social behavior.
Data for the article entitled "ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES, AND ENERGETIC CONSEQUENCES OF FITNESS MAXIMISATION ON DIFFERENT MIGRATORY BEHAVIOURS IN A LONG-LIVED SCAVENGER"
<p>Data used in the statistical analyses of the article entitled "ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES, AND ENERGETIC CONSEQUENCES OF FITNESS MAXIMISATION ON DIFFERENT MIGRATORY BEHAVIOURS IN A LONG-LIVED SCAVENGER"</p>
Short-term social dynamics following anthropogenic and natural disturbances in a free-living mammal
<p><span>Anthropogenic disturbances are widely recognized for their </span><span>far-reaching consequences on the survival and reproduction of wildlife, but we understand comparatively little about their effects on the social lives of group-living animals. </span><span>Here we </span><span>examined these short-term changes in affiliative behavior as part of a long-term study </span><span>on a </span><span>human-tolerant and socially flexible population of California ground squirrels </span><span>(<em>Otospermophilus beecheyi</em>).</span><span> We </span><span>used social network analysis to examine</span><span> short-term changes in affiliative behavior and individual consistency in response to disturbances by humans, domestic dogs, or a natural predator (the coyote). </span><span>Overall, juveniles were more involved than adults in affiliative interactions, but the short-term directional effects of these acute disturbances on social cohesion varied by disturbance type. Human and dog presence reduced aboveground connectivity, particularly for juveniles, whereas disturbances by coyotes generally promoted it. Beyond these effects, we also detected non-random responses to disturbances, though individuals were not very consistent in their directional response to different disturbance types. </span><span>Our results demonstrate the flexible changes in social behavior triggered by short-term disturbances imposed by humans and other threats. </span><span>More generally, our findings elucidate the underappreciated sensitivity of animal social interactions to short-term ecological disturbances, raising key questions about their consequences on the social lives of animals.</span></p>
Data from: Split between two worlds: automated sensing reveals links between above- and belowground social networks in a free-living mammal
Many animals socialize in two or more major ecological contexts. In nature, these contexts often involve one situation in which space is more constrained (e.g. shared refuges, sleeping cliffs, nests, dens or burrows) and another situation in which animal movements are relatively free (e.g. in open spaces lacking architectural constraints). Although it is widely recognized that an individual's characteristics may shape its social life, the extent to which architecture constrains social decisions within and between habitats remains poorly understood. Here we developed a novel, automated-monitoring system to study the effects of personality, life-history stage and sex on the social network structure of a facultatively social mammal, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) in two distinct contexts: aboveground where space is relatively open and belowground where it is relatively constrained by burrow architecture. Aboveground networks reflected affiliative social interactions whereas belowground networks reflected burrow associations. Network structure in one context (belowground), along with preferential juvenile–adult associations, predicted structure in a second context (aboveground). Network positions of individuals were generally consistent across years (within contexts) and between ecological contexts (within years), suggesting that individual personalities and behavioural syndromes, respectively, contribute to the social network structure of these free-living mammals. Direct ties (strength) tended to be stronger in belowground networks whereas more indirect paths (betweenness centrality) flowed through individuals in aboveground networks. Belowground, females fostered significantly more indirect paths than did males. Our findings have important potential implications for disease and information transmission, offering new insights into the multiple factors contributing to social structures across ecological contexts.
DATABASE OF THE SYSTEMATIC MAPPING OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ANS STIGMA IN POPULATION LIVING WITH HIV
<p>DATABASE OF THE SYSTEMATIC MAPPING OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ANS STIGMA IN POPULATION LIVING WITH HIV. IT WAS USED THE PRISMA (2020) METHODOLOGY.</p>
Transplant Social Worker Support for Live Kidney Donation in African Americans
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02369354. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Social living simultaneously increases infection risk and decreases the cost of infection
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Data from: Split between two worlds: automated sensing reveals links between above- and belowground social networks in a free-living mammal
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Data from: Simulated poaching affects global connectivity and efficiency in social networks of African savanna elephants—An exemplar of how human disturbance impacts group-living species
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Movement decisions driving metapopulation connectivity respond to social resources in a long-lived ungulate, bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)
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Social and spatial conflict drive resident aggression towards outsiders in a group-living fish
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Short-term social dynamics following anthropogenic and natural disturbances in a free-living mammal
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.