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9 results for “soil pests”
Can the botanical azadirachtin replace phased-out soil insecticides in suppressing the soil insect pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ?
<p><strong>Can the botanical <em>azadirachtin</em> replace phased-out soil insecticides in suppressing the soil insect pest <em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera </em>?</strong></p> <p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Due to recent bans on the use of several soil insecticides and insecticidal seed coatings, soil-dwelling insect pests are increasingly difficult to manage. One example is the western corn rootworm (<em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em>, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a serious root-feeder of maize (<em>Zea mays</em>). We investigated whether the less problematic botanical <em>azadirachtin</em>, widely used against above-ground insects, could become an option for the control of this soil insect pest.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>Artificial diet-based bioassays were implemented under standard laboratory conditions to establish lethal dose curves for the pest larvae. Then, potted-plant experiments were implemented in greenhouse to assess feasibility and efficacy of a novel granular formulation of <em>azadirachtin </em>under more natural conditions and in relation to standard insecticides.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Bioassays in three repetitions revealed a 3-day LD<sub>50</sub> of 22.3 µg <em>azadirachtin</em> per ml which corresponded to 0.45 µg per neonate of <em>D. v. virgifera </em>and a 5-day LD<sub>50</sub> of 19.3 µg per ml or 0.39 µg per first to second instar larva. No sublethal effects were observed. The three greenhouse experiments revealed that the currently proposed standard dose of a granular formulation of 38 g<em> azadirachtin </em>per hectare for in-furrow application at sowing is not enough to control <em>D. v. virgifera </em>or to prevent root damage. At 10x standard-dose total pest control was achieved as well as the prevention of most root damage. This was better than the efficacy achieved by <em>cypermethrin</em>-based granules and comparable to <em>tefluthrin</em>- granules, or <em>thiamethoxam</em> seed coatings. The ED<sub>50</sub> for suppressing larval populations were estimated at 92 g <em>azadirachtin</em> per ha, for preventing heavy root damage 52 g /ha and for preventing general root damage 220 g /ha.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>There seems clear potential for the development of neem-based botanical soil insecticides for arable crops such as maize. They might become, if doses are increased and more soil insecticides phased out, a promising, safer solution as part of the integrated pest management toolkit against soil insects.</p>
Dataset Natural plant disease suppressiveness in soils extends to insect pest control
<p>This dataset is related to the study "<strong>Natural plant disease suppressiveness in soils extends to insect pest control</strong>" (Harmsen et al., 2024) and contains the raw data described therein. </p> <p>Sequencing data used in this study has been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under the BioProject number <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA1075215/">PRJNA1075215</a>.</p> <p>The scripts used to analyze the data generated in the study are available at <a href="https://github.com/nhrmsn/SuppressSoil-Data">GitHub</a>. </p>
Figure 1 Predation success ofG. aculeifer, S in Predation capacity of soil-dwelling predatory mites on two major maize pests
Figure 1 Predation success ofG. aculeifer, S. scimitus andM. robustulus on WCR and WW first instar larvae during the 10-minutes predation assays. n=20. NS = no significant difference among predator species (p-value> 0.05). The error bars represent the 95% confidence interval for the predation success.
Рис. 2. РаспреΔеΛение среΔних почвенных образцов по коΛичеству жизнеспособных цист Heterodera glycines Fig. 2. Distribution of average soil samples by the number of viable cysts of Heterodera glycines in Reproductive potential of Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines - quarantine pest of soybean - in Primorsky Region conditions
Рис. 2. РаспреΔеΛение среΔних почвенных образцов по коΛичеству жизнеспособных цист Heterodera glycines Fig. 2. Distribution of average soil samples by the number of viable cysts of Heterodera glycines
Data for: Effect of cover cropping and biosolarization on eggplant growth, soil pests, and soil nitrogen
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Data from: Active sound production of scarab beetle larvae opens up new possibilities for species-specific pest monitoring in soils
Root-feeding Scarabaeidae larvae can pose a serious threat to agricultural and forest ecosystems, but many details of larval ecology are still unknown. We developed an acoustic data analysis method based on active sound production by larvae (i.e. stridulations) for gaining new insights into larval ecology. In a laboratory study, third instar larvae of the Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) (n = 38) and the Forest Cockchafer (M. hippocastani) (n = 15) kept in soil-filled containers were acoustically monitored for 5 min each, resulting in the first known stridulation recordings for each species. Subsequent continuous monitoring of three M. hippocastani larvae over several hours showed that a single larva could stridulate more than 70 times per hour, and stridulation rates increased drastically with increasing larval abundance. The new fractal dimension-based data analysis method automatically detected audio sections with stridulations and provided a semi-quantitative estimate of stridulation activity. It is the first data analysis method specifically targeting Scarabaeidae larvae stridulations in soils, enabling for the first time non-invasive species-specific pest monitoring.
Data from: Active sound production of scarab beetle larvae opens up new possibilities for species-specific pest monitoring in soils
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Data from: Neonicotinoid insecticide travels through a soil food chain, disrupting biological control of non-target pests and decreasing soya bean yield
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Predation test results and dynamics between three species of soil-dwelling predatory mites and early stages of maize pest.
<p>PREDATORY MITES</p> <p> The three species used in this experiment were stored in climatic chambers at 25°C +/- 0,5°C and 70% +/- 10 RH% with constant obscurity. A mix of <em>Aleuroglyphus ovatus</em> stages was used as food and extra water was provided three times a week in a 100 mm x 94 mm bugdorm-5002 with 30µm nylon screen port sold by Bugdorm©.</p> <p><em>Macrocheles robustulus</em></p> <p> Koppert Biological systems provided <em>Macrocheles robustulus</em>. Their product is called Macro-mite©. We maintained them on vermiculite for 2 months with a mix of <em>A. ovatus</em> stages.</p> <p><em>Gaeolaelaps aculeifer</em></p> <p><em> </em><em>Gaeolaelaps aculeifer</em> is produced by EWH Bioproduction, Denmark. The population was maintained during 8 months on a substrate made of 1/3 third blond sphagnum peat and 2/3 of fine vermiculite and fed with a mix of <em>A. ovatus</em> stages.</p> <p><em>Stratiolaelaps scimitus</em></p> <p> <em>Stratiolaelaps scimitus</em> individuals used in this experiment are produced by Bioline AgroSciences. The product is called Hypoline©. This population has been maintained on blond sphagnum peat and fed with a mix of <em>A. ovatus</em> stages for 2 years.</p> <p>PREYS</p> <p> We experimented eggs and first instar larvae for both <em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em> and <em>Agriotes sordidus </em>as potential prey. We also added <em>Aleuroglyphus ovatus</em> eggs as a positive control of predation activity since astigmatid mites are known to be a suitable food source for those species (Rueda-Ramirez et al. 2018).</p> <p><em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em> eggs</p> <p> WCR diapausing eggs were provided by the Centre of Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI), Hungary. They were stored at 7°C +/- 0,5°C below their temperature of development (Meinke et al. 2009). We sieved the eggs from their substrate and selected only turgescent eggs to offer them to the predatory mites.</p> <p><em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em> first instar larvae</p> <p> We placed WCR eggs on the plaster of Paris in a climatic chamber at 25°C +/- 0,5°C and 70% +/- 10 RH%. We added water twice a week to keep the plaster of Paris moist. We checked daily if eggs hatched and introduced the first instar larvae in the predation device.</p> <p><em>Agriotes sordidus</em> eggs</p> <p> Arvalis provided <em>Agriotes sordidus</em> eggs and first instar larvae by sending us a couple of adults ready to lay eggs in Petri dishes filled with a sample of soil where they have been collected. Both eggs and first instar larvae have been extracted from this dirt.</p> <p><em>Aleuroglyphus ovatus</em> eggs</p> <p><em> </em><em>A. ovatus</em> eggs are produced by Bioline AgroSciences. Eggs were sterilized before presentation to the predatory mites.</p> <p><em>Ephestia kuehniella </em>eggs<br> </p> <p><em> E. kuehniella </em>eggs are produced by Bioline Agrosciences. Eggs were sterilized before presentation to the predatory mites.</p> <p> PREDATION DEVICE</p> <p> Predation tests have been inspired by El Adouzi, Bonato, et Roy 2017; Lovis et al. 2011 and Nordenfors et Hoglund 2000 protocols by isolating each mite individually. However, we chose to carry out the predation tests in 2 mL Eppendorf tubes containing each 1 mL of dried plaster of Paris to maintain a high percentage of humidity necessary to soil-dwelling predatory mites survival (El Adouzi, Bonato, et Roy 2017). Adult mites of both sexes were individually isolated and starved for 7 days in the tubes before the predation tests. In total, 240 predatory mites have been isolated with 1/3 of each species to present them to 4 different types of prey. Twenty predation tests were made by prey/predator couple. <br> During the 7-days period of starvation, we added 100µL of water every 3 days to maintain a suitable relative humidity necessary for soil-dwelling predatory mites survival. We also drilled the top of the tube and covered it with a 106 µm mesh width nylon tissue. This size of mesh allowed for water and gas exchange while preventing mites from leaving the tube. These tubes were stored in a climatic chamber at 25°C +/- 0,5°C with 70% +/- 10% RH. All three species were active after this period of storage and starvation.</p> <p> We introduced 20 times one prey in a tube containing a predatory mite and observed predation activity during a maximum of 10 minutes or less if predation happens before that timing. We observed each mite feeding or non-feeding activity through the tube with a binocular. We used an indirect source of light, controlled at 100 lux (measured with the Digital Illuminance meter TES 1335), to minimize natural behavior disruption of these lucifugous species. During each assay, the timing and number of contacts between the predator and the prey before predation were noted. We considered predation activity when mites impaled the prey with their chelicerae. We chose to observe predation on a short duration because some of the prey could be impacted by plaster of Paris abrasive texture if it dries up.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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