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28 results for “song variation”
Machine learning reveals that climate, geography, and cultural drift all predict bird song variation in coastal Zonotrichia leucophrys
<p>Previous work has demonstrated that there is extensive variation in the songs of White-crowned Sparrow (<em>Zonotrichia leucophrys</em>) throughout the species range, including between neighboring (and genetically distinct) subspecies <em>Z. l. nuttalli </em>and <em>Z. l. pugetensis</em>. Using a machine learning approach to bioacoustic analysis, we demonstrate that variation in song is correlated with year of recording (representing cultural drift), geographic distance, and climatic differences, but the response is subspecies- and season-specific. Automated machine learning methods of bird song annotation can process large datasets more efficiently, allowing us to examine 1,913 recordings across ~60 years. We utilize a recently published artificial neural network to automatically annotate White-crowned Sparrow vocalizations. By analyzing differences in syllable usage and composition, we recapitulate the known pattern where <em>Z. l. nuttalli </em>and <em>Z. l. pugetensis </em>have significantly different songs. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that these differences are caused by the changes in characteristics of syllables in the White-crowned Sparrow repertoire. This supports the hypothesis that the evolution of vocalization behavior is affected by the environment, in addition to population structure.</p>
Machine learning reveals that climate, geography, and cultural drift all predict bird song variation in coastal Zonotrichia leucophrys
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Data from: Geographic patterns of song variation in four species of Malurus fairy-wrens
Geographic variation in song is widespread among birds, particularly in species that learn vocalizations. The relationship between geographic distance and song variation is likely related to the degree of isolation between populations. To assess this effect of geographic isolation on song divergence, we examined patterns of geographic song variation in four species of Australian fairy-wrens (Malurus), two with suspected histories of geographic isolation and two without. Song variation in all four species was consistent with patterns of isolation by distance, and allopatric subspecies in two species were more divergent in song than predicted by distance alone. Each species' pattern was unique, and some interspecific variation could not be explained by geographic distance. These results indicate that patterns of geographic variation can be influenced by more than geographic distance and historical isolation alone. We suggest that morphological constraints, environmental influences, and sexual selection may all contribute to the variation observed for each species.
Ecological and evolutionary drivers of geographic variation in songs of a Neotropical suboscine bird: The Drab-breasted Bamboo Tyrant (Hemitriccus diops, Rhynchocyclidae)
<p>Understanding the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that shape the spatial divergence of signals involved in reproductive isolation is a central goal in studies of speciation. For birds with innate songs, such as the suboscine passerine birds, the integration and comparison of both genetic and ecological factors in explaining song variation at the microevolutionary scale is rare. Here we evaluated the evolutionary and ecological processes underlying the variation in the songs of the Atlantic Forest endemic Drab-breasted Bamboo Tyrant (<i>Hemitriccus diops</i>), testing the effects of both stochastic and adaptive processes, namely the Stochastic and Adaptation Acoustic Hypotheses, respectively. We combined vocal, genetic and ecological (climate and forest cover) data across the species' range. To this end, we analyzed 89 samples of long and short songs. We performed analyses on raw and synthetic data song variables with linear mixed models and multivariate statistics. Our results show that both song types differ in spectral features between the two extant phylogeographic lineages of this species, but such vocal divergence is weak and subtle in both song types. Overall, there is a positive relationship of acoustic distances with the amount of forest cover in long songs. Our results suggest that there is cryptic geographical variation in both song types and that this variation is associated with low levels of genetic divergence in both songs and with ecological factors in long songs.</p>
Data from: Geographic patterns of song variation in four species of Malurus fairy-wrens
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Ecological and evolutionary drivers of geographic variation in songs of a Neotropical suboscine bird: The Drab-breasted Bamboo Tyrant (Hemitriccus diops, Rhynchocyclidae)
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Data from: Genome size variation affects song attractiveness in grasshoppers: evidence for sexual selection against large genomes
Genome size is largely uncorrelated to organismal complexity and adaptive scenarios. Genetic drift as well as intragenomic conflict have been put forward to explain this observation. We here study the impact of genome size on sexual attractiveness in the bow-winged grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus. Grasshoppers show particularly large variation in genome size due to the high prevalence of supernumerary chromosomes that are considered (mildly) selfish, as evidenced by non-Mendelian inheritance and fitness costs if present in high numbers. We ranked male grasshoppers by song characteristics that are known to affect female preferences in this species and scored genome sizes of attractive and unattractive individuals from the extremes of this distribution. We find that attractive singers have significantly smaller genomes, demonstrating that genome size is reflected in male courtship songs and that females prefer songs of males with small genomes. Such a genome size dependent mate preference effectively selects against selfish genetic elements that tend to increase genome size. The data therefore provide a novel example of how sexual selection can reinforce natural selection and can act as an agent in an intragenomic arms race. Furthermore, our findings indicate an underappreciated route of how choosy females could gain indirect benefits.
Figure 4 in Tegmina-size variation in a Neotropical cricket with implications on spectral song properties
Figure 4. Thin-plate spline using seven landmarks to depict harp shape variation in Lerneca inalata beripocone along each PC axis. Red landmarks explain most of the tegmen shape variation.
Figure 8 in Tegmina-size variation in a Neotropical cricket with implications on spectral song properties
Figure 8. Analysis of selected calling song syllables of Lerneca inalata beripocone from four Pantanal study sites. Top: oscillograms; middle: frequency analyses based on zero-crossing; bottom: power spectra of selected syllables. S1‒S4: Selected syllables of one echeme (first order assemblage of syllables). (a) SESC (flooded forest edge ‒ FFE); (b) Pouso Alegre (flooded forest 1 – FF1); (c) Pouso Alegre (flooded forest 2 – FF2); (d) Pouso Alegre (flooded forest 3 – FF3).
Figure 7 in Tegmina-size variation in a Neotropical cricket with implications on spectral song properties
Figure 7. Lerneca inalata beripocone: Examples of calling song patterns (oscillograms, frequency components in dB/seconds) from six Pantanal study sites. (a) SESC, flooded forest edge, FFE; (b) Pouso Alegre, flooded forest 1, PA FF1; (c) Pouso Alegre, flooded forest 2, PA FF2; (d) Pouso Alegre, flooded forest 3, PA FF3; (e) Pouso Alegre, non-flooded forest, PA NFF; (f) Pouso Alegre, forest edge, PA FE. BIINORGRLEIN codes refer to individual recordings.
Figure 1 in Tegmina-size variation in a Neotropical cricket with implications on spectral song properties
Figure 1. Lerneca inalata beripocone: Left tegmen, morphology (a) and landmarks (b) used for morphometric analyses. Vein abbreviations: Cu1 = cubit 1, M = media, Sc = subcostal, 1a = first anal, 2a = second anal, No = node, Di = diagonal, Cu2 = cubit 2.
Figure 3. Thin-plate spline using 16 in Tegmina-size variation in a Neotropical cricket with implications on spectral song properties
Figure 3. Thin-plate spline using 16 landmarks to depict left wing shape variation in Lerneca inalata beripocone along each PC axis. Red landmarks explain most of the tegmen shape variation.
Figure 2 in Tegmina-size variation in a Neotropical cricket with implications on spectral song properties
Figure 2. Lerneca inalata beripocone: Oscillogram of a calling song echeme (top, vertical axis shows frequency components in dB, horizontal axis time in seconds) and spectrogram (below, vertical axis indicates frequencies in kHz, horizontal axis time in seconds) of a representative male from Pouso Alegre (site flooded forest 1, FF1). Example: framed syllables (S1–S4) selected for further frequency analyses.
Figure 6 in Tegmina-size variation in a Neotropical cricket with implications on spectral song properties
Figure 6. UPGMA dendrogram based on wing shape with 10,000 bootstrap replicates (left), of the subpopulation of Lerneca inalata beripocone; mean amplitude (MA, right) of frequency of calling song (right) from two locations in the Pantanal of Poconé, MT, Brazil. SESC (FFE = flooded forest edge), PA (FF1, FF2, FF3 = flooded forest; NFF = non-flooded forest; FE1, FE2 = forest edge).
Figure 5 in Tegmina-size variation in a Neotropical cricket with implications on spectral song properties
Figure 5. Thin-plate spline using seven landmarks to depict mirror shape variation in Lerneca inalata beripocone along each PC axis. Red landmarks explain most of the tegmen shape variation.
Supplementary material 4 from: Forrest TG, Scobie M, Brueckner O, Bintz B, Spooner JD (2023) Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram's round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 153-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.96295
Supplementary material 4 from: Forrest TG, Scobie M, Brueckner O, Bintz B, Spooner JD (2023) Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram's round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 153-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.96295
Supplementary material 1 from: Forrest TG, Scobie M, Brueckner O, Bintz B, Spooner JD (2023) Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram's round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 153-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.96295
Supplementary material 1 from: Forrest TG, Scobie M, Brueckner O, Bintz B, Spooner JD (2023) Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram's round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 153-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.96295
Supplementary material 3 from: Forrest TG, Scobie M, Brueckner O, Bintz B, Spooner JD (2023) Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram's round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 153-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.96295
Supplementary material 3 from: Forrest TG, Scobie M, Brueckner O, Bintz B, Spooner JD (2023) Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram's round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 153-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.96295
Supplementary material 2 from: Forrest TG, Scobie M, Brueckner O, Bintz B, Spooner JD (2023) Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram's round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 153-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.96295
Supplementary material 2 from: Forrest TG, Scobie M, Brueckner O, Bintz B, Spooner JD (2023) Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram's round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 153-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.96295
Data from: Identifying ecological drivers of interspecific variation in song complexity in songbirds (Passeriformes, Passeri)
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