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819 results for “species composition”
Plant species composition in black sand extended growing season experiment, 2018 - 2023.
As a result of climate change, the Rocky Mountain Front Range is experiencing warmer summers and earlier snowmelt. Due to the importance of snow for regulating soil temperature, growing season length, and available moisture in alpine ecosystems, even small shifts in the snow-free period could have large impacts. The focus of the Black Sand Extended Growing Season Length Experiment is to examine how terrain-related differences in climate exposure influence the way alpine habitats respond to climate change via earlier snowmelt. To simulate how climate exposure may affect plant communities, NWT LTER researchers established 5 experimental sites each containing a pair 10 x 40m rectangular plots. These sites include north and south facing aspects, subalpine and alpine tundra meadows in a range of hydrological conditions (e.g. dry meadows, moist meadows, wet meadows). We accelerated snowmelt in one plot of each block by adding chemically inert black sand, while keeping the second plot as an unmanipulated control; black sand was added to these plots after snow had naturally melted. This dataset includes measurements of plant species composition.
Snowbed experiment species composition and hobo data for Niwot Ridge, 2012 - ongoing.
Niwot Ridge climate records indicate a trend of warmer spring and summer temperatures and earlier timing of snowmelt. In alpine tundra plant communities where snow cover limits growing season length, the current climatic trend is conducive to a longer growing season. The snowbed experiment was established in order to monitor changes in plant cover and community composition in the alpine tundra in response to extended summer growing season conditions. Of particular interest are late-melting snowbed areas where plant colonization and survival are most restricted or entirely prevented by a limited number of snow-free days with the sunlight and temperature necessary for plant establishment and growth. In 2012, fifteen 1 x 1 m plots were established at 5 sites where there are persistent, late-melting snowbeds. Plots were placed along (1) an elevation gradient and (2) a snow-cover gradient from persistent snowbeds, where snowpack is greatest and melt-out dates latest in the season, to wind-scoured dry meadows, where snow pack is least and melt-out dates earliest. In 2015 the one site was dropped from the experiment because the snowbed there was quite different from the other four.
Turf Transplant species composition, 2024 - ongoing.
The Turf Transplant Experiment was set up in the summer of 2024. Paired experimental sites were established in two tundra community types - dry meadow and moist meadow - with one site of each community type pair in a lower elevation/warmer area and one site in a higher elevation/cooler area. Subplot turfs (25 cm^2) were transplanted (1) between sites of the same community type at different elevations/temperatures, (2) between plots within the same site or (3) left in place as non-transplant controls. Plant species composition was measured once per year at approximately peak flowering.
Imputed Forest Composition Map for New England Screened by Species Range Boundaries 2001-2006
Initializing forest landscape models (FLMs) to simulate changes in tree species composition requires accurate fine-scale forest attribute information mapped contiguously over large areas. Nearest-neighbor imputation maps have high potential for use as the initial condition within FLMs, but the tendency for field plots to be imputed over large geographical distances results in species frequently mapped outside of their home ranges, which is problematic. We developed an approach for evaluating and selecting field plots for imputation based on their similarity in feature-space, their species composition, and their geographical distance between source and imputation to produce a map that is appropriate for initializing an FLM. We applied this approach to map 13m ha of forest throughout the six New England states (Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine). The map itself is a .img raster file of FIA plot CN numbers. To access FIA data from this map, one has to link the mapcodes in this map to FIA data supplied by USDA FIA database (https://apps.fs.usda.gov/fia/datamart/datamart.html). Due to plot confidentiality and integrity concerns, pixels containing FIA plots were always assigned to some other plot than the actual one found there.
Plant species composition for sensor network array, 2017 - ongoing.
Above-ground plant species cover was recorded for vegetation plots in the sensor network, starting in 2017. Cover was measured annually at peak biomass using a 100 point-intercept method.
Plant species composition in ITEX subplots in black sand extended growing season experiment, 2018 - 2023.
As a result of climate change, the Rocky Mountain Front Range is experiencing warmer summers and earlier snowmelt. Due to the importance of snow for regulating soil temperature, growing season length, and available moisture in alpine ecosystems, even small shifts in the snow-free period could have large impacts. The focus of the Black Sand Extended Growing Season Length Experiment is to examine how terrain-related differences in climate exposure influence the way alpine habitats respond to climate change via earlier snowmelt. To simulate how climate exposure may affect plant communities, NWT LTER researchers established 5 experimental sites, each containing a pair 10 x 40m rectangular plots. These sites include north and south facing aspects, subalpine and alpine tundra meadows and a range of hydrological conditions (e.g. dry meadows, moist meadows, wet meadows). We accelerated snowmelt in one plot at each site by adding chemically inert black sand, while keeping the second plot as an unmanipulated control; black sand was added to control plots after snow had naturally melted. We used open top warming chambers (OTCs) to increase summer temperature in three subplots within each of the 10 x 40 m plots. This dataset includes measurements of plant species composition within all snow and warming treatments.
Small mammal species composition data for Niwot Ridge, 1981 - 1990.
Small mammals were live trapped during the summer of each year at various locations on Niwot Ridge. Species trapped included pikas (Ochotona princeps), marmots (Marmota flaviventris), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), voles (Microtus longicaudus, Microtus montanus, and Phenacomys intermedius), and pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). Pocket gophers were only trapped through the summer of 1983. Mice and voles were trapped using Sherman traps, while Tomahawk traps were used to trap both the pikas and marmots. Sherman gopher traps were used to trap gophers. The mice and vole traps were placed 10 meters apart in parallel rows in grids containing from 25 to 100 traps; weather permitting, these traps were placed for 3 consecutive nights every 1 or 2 weeks from June to August. The pikas, marmots, and gophers were trapped during late summer of each year; consult Halfpenny et al. (1984; 1987) for a general description of these trap locations, as well as descriptions of baiting and handling techniques and surrounding vegetation communities. Pika and marmot traps were selectively placed in areas where evidence of these animals existed. In the case of the pocket gophers, traps were placed below ground in active mounds. For pikas, marmots and pocket gophers, traps were set during the day and were checked every 2 hours. After determining and recording species, sex, age, reproductive status, weight, health, and trap location, trapped animals were permanently tagged and released. An additional quality-controlled, derived data-table (pikas_no_recap.cr.data.csv) was added to the original dataset in 2022. This data table is derived from the original capture data, but includes only year-unique captures, where each year-unique capture is the "best" one for comparison with other year-unique captures. For comparability among years, the best capture for comparability among years is usually the first capture of the year, representing the animal's baseline weight for the year (weight appea
Plant species composition data for Saddle grid, 1989 - ongoing.
Permanent 1 m^2 vegetation plots were established near each of the 88 Saddle grid stakes in 1989 by Marilyn Walker, who led the sampling effort until 1997. To estimate plant canopy cover, point quadrat measurements have been made at irregular intervals from 1989 to the present (1989, 1990, 1995, 1997, 2006, 2008 and yearly from 2010 onward). The point-quadrat technique used for sampling was described in Spasojevic et al. (2013) and Auerbach (1992). Auerbach, N. 1992. Effects of road and dust disturbance in minerotrophic and acidic tundra ecosystems, northern Alaska. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Spasojevic, Marko J, William D Bowman, Hope C Humphries, Timothy R Seastedt, and Katharine N Suding. Changes in alpine vegetation over 21 years: Are patterns across a heterogeneous landscape consistent with predictions?” Ecosphere 4, no. 9 (2013): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1890/es13-00133.1.
Bee species abundance and composition in three ecosystem types at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA
This study was designed to examine community- or population-level fluctuations in bee species at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, both intra- and inter-annually. From 2002 to 2019, passive funnel traps were used to collect bees at three sites, each representing a different ecosystem type of the southwestern U.S. (Plains grassland, Chihuahuan Desert grassland, and Chihuahuan Desert shrubland). Bees were collected during each month from March through October, and were identified to species by taxonomic experts.
The effects of changing vegetative composition on the abundance, species diversity and activity of birds at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1997
This data package contains bird abundance data collected in plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected in an effort to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, plant community functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on plant community function, including effects on animals. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. Following treatments, bird abundance and habitat preference data was collected in 1997. This data set consists of plot number, treatment type, and time of bird presence by taxa and by habitat and behavior. This study is complete.
Plant species composition and aboveground biomass data for Saddle snowfence, 1996 - ongoing.
Bowman et al. (1993) have demonstrated that alpine tundra is sensitive to nitrogen and phosphorus additions. Changes in productivity and species composition (belatedly) follow chronic fertilization. Exactly how this response is mediated by changes in precipitation is unknown but can be addressed using the snowfence experiment. Moreover, replication of the experiment will allow for additional sampling of biotic and abiotic components and processes not possible with the size of the Bowman plots. In 1993, 64 2x2m plots were placed in dry and mesic sites both within and outside of the snowfence area, so that 4 replicates of each treatment (nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, and control) could be established in each meadow type with and without snowpack augmentation. 16 additional plots were established on a wet meadow site, but since a corresponding type site did not exist in the snowfence area, there was no snowpack manipulation for the wet meadow plots. In 2016, 9 existing plots were selected and 6 control plots added for assessing recovery from augmented snowpack treatment. Aboveground biomass, species richness, and species composition have been collected periodically since 1996.
Shrub influence on soil moisture, nutrients, temperature and species composition, 2019 - 2020.
Shrubification, the expansion and densification of shrubs, is occurring in arctic and alpine zones across the globe (Myers-Smith et al., 2011). This alteration is primarily driven by warming temperatures (Elmendorf et al., 2012b, 2012a), and can have major consequences for the existing vegetation (Anthelme et al., 2007; Pajunen et al., 2011; Venn et al., 2014) and for nutrient pools (Sturm et al., 2005; DeMarco et al., 2014) due to the abiotic and biotic effects of shrubs. Shrubs accumulate snow which insulates the ground during the winter and provides more moisture later in the season (Liston et al., 2002). During the summer, shrubs provide shade and wind protection. Additionally, shrubs can increase the soil nitrogen (N) pool through their high input of plant material into the soil (DeMarco et al., 2014). These small-scale climatic and soil alterations have important consequences for plant community dynamics in the arctic and alpine. References: Anthelme, F., Villaret, J.-C., and Brun, J.-J., 2007: Shrub encroachment in the Alps gives rise to the convergence of sub-alpine communities on a regional scale. Journal of Vegetation Science, 18(3):355–362. DeMarco, J., Mack, M. C., and Bret-Harte, M. S., 2014: Effects of arctic shrub expansion on biophysical vs . biogeochemical drivers of litter decomposition. Ecological Society of America, 95(7):1861–1875. Elmendorf, S. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Björk, R. G., Bjorkman, A. D., Callaghan, T. V., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Day, T. A., Fosaa, A. M., Gould, W. A., Grétarsdóttir, J., Harte, J., Hermanutz, L., Hik, D. S., Hofgaard, A., Jarrad, F., Jónsdóttir, I. S., Keuper, F., Klanderud, K., Klein, J. A., Koh, S., Kudo, G., Lang, S. I., Loewen, V., May, J. L., Mercado, J., Michelsen, A., Molau, U., Myers-Smith, I. H., Oberbauer, S. F., Pieper, S., Post, E., Rixen, C., Robinson, C. H., Schmidt, N. M., Shaver, G. R., Stenström, A., Tolvanen, A., Totland, Ø., Troxler, T., Wahren, C. H
Arthropod species composition in the black sand extended growing season experiment, 2021 - 2024.
Understanding overall arthropod diversity in alpine systems will help us determine how diverse our biota is and what functional ecological roles these animals can provide to ecosystem maintenance and stability. And ultimately, how these services are altered with climate change. Arthropod diversity and functional roles will be altered with climate change, and understanding these interactions will teach us how to protect alpine systems and make predictions for the impacts to other ecosystems. Understanding impacts on pollinators will help us predict the quality of pollinator services at lower elevations, which species need support/protection, and any policies and food management strategies that need to be implemented to adapt to changes in food production.
Artisanal and farmer bread making practices differently shape fungal species community composition in French sourdoughs
<p>Datasets describing the fungal species diversity, microbial density and acidity of French sourdoughs, phenotypic variation of Kazachstania bulderi and Kazachstania humilis strains as well as the diversity of bread-making practices of 40 bakers and farmers-bakers.The data were collected, analyzed, and reported within the following publication :</p> <p>Elisa Michel, Estelle Masson, Sandrine Bubbendorf, Léocadie Lapicque, Thibault Nidelet, Diego Segond, Stéphane Guézenec, Thérèse Marlin, Hugo deVillers, Olivier Rué, Bernard Onno, Judith Legrand, Delphine Sicard and the participating bakers: <strong>Artisanal and farmer bread making practices differently shape fungal species community composition in French sourdoughs</strong>. PCI Evol. Biol.</p> <p> </p>
Data and code from "Water availability is a stronger driver of soil microbial processing of organic nitrogen than tree species composition"
<p>#### Data description<br> Data from large scale, long-term tree diversity experiment in southwestern France (<a href="https://sites.google.com/view/orpheeexperiment/home">ORPHEE</a>), additionally manipulating water contraint. Variables presented are soil nitrogen cycling rates measured using isotope pool dilutions.</p> <p>Companion paper is found here:</p> <p>Maxwell TL, Augusto L, Tian Y, Wanek W & Fanin N (2023). Water availability is a stronger driver of soil microbial processing of organic nitrogen than tree species composition. <em>European Journal of Soil Science</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13350">https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13350</a></p> <p>#### Metadata<br> Soil sampling: July 2020<br> Maxwell_ShortComm_Data.csv data description</p> <p>ID: unique identifier per sample<br> Block: numbered 1-6. Blocks 1,3,6 are control (unirrigated), Blocks, 2,4,5 are irrigated<br> Plot: numbered plot according to the ORPHEE design. Plot 1 = BP, Plot 5 = PP, Plot 9 = BP_PP<br> Espece: species ID. BP = pure birch (<em>Betula pendula</em>), PP = pure pine (<em>Pinus pinaster</em>), BP_PP (50% mixed birch-pine)<br> Rep: sample replicate, 3 replicates per plot<br> Sample name: long unique identifier per sample. Concatenation of Block, Plot, and Espece<br> PD: gross protein depolymerization rates (micrograms nitrogen per grams dry soil per day = µg N g-1 d-1)<br> AAU: gross free amino acid uptake rates (µg N g-1 d-1)<br> Cmicrobial_ug_g: microbial biomass carbon (µg C g-1)<br> Nmicrobial_ug_g: microbial biomass nitrogen (µg N g-1)<br> MRT_FAA_hrs: mean residence time of free amino acids (hours)<br> FAA_ugN_g: free amino acids (µg N g-1)<br> Moisture_percent: soil moisture percent (%)<br> N_nonfumige_ug_g: nitrogen from non fumigated soils, i.e. extractable N (µg N g-1)<br> C_nonfumige_ug_g: nitrogen from non fumigated soils, i.e. extractableC (µg C g-1)</p>
Linking temporal changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment: The Nutrient Network
Global change drivers, such as anthropogenic nutrient inputs, are increasing globally. Nutrient deposition simultaneously alters plant biodiversity, species composition, and ecosystem processes like aboveground biomass production. These changes are underpinned by species extinction, colonization, and shifting relative abundance. Here, we use the Price equation to quantify and link the contributions of species that are lost, gained, or that persist to change in aboveground biomass in 59 experimental grassland sites. Under ambient (control) conditions, compositional and biomass turnover was high, and losses (i.e., local extinctions) were balanced by gains (i.e. colonization). Under fertilization, the decline in species richness resulted from increased species loss and from decreases in species gained. Biomass increase under fertilization resulted mostly from species that persist, and to a lesser extent from species gained. Drivers of ecological change can interact relatively independently with diversity, composition, and ecosystem processes and functions such as aboveground biomass due to the individual contributions of species lost, gained, or persisting.
PVC02 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-knz/69/18. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Canopy coverage and frequency were recorded in 20 circular 10 sq m plots. Six treatments were sampled, three ungrazed and three to grazed by native grazers. In each case one of the three watersheds was unburned, another burned annually in April, the third burned every four years in April. In each treatment two soils were sampled: a lower-slope deep fertile nonrocky soil (tully silty clay loam), and a shallow rocky soil (florence cherty silt loam) on level to gently sloping ridges. In 1983 another ungrazed annual burn area '1c' was added 'both tully and florence soils' because original area '1d' appeared aberrant.
Temporal and spatial changes of the abundance and species composition of phytoplankton in the California Current from samples collected aboard CalCOFI cruises from summer 1996 through 2022.
The abundances of 385 taxonomic categories of phytoplankton (species where possible) are presented for the 26.5 -year period beginning with summer, 1996 and concluding with autumn 2022. There were four cruises per year. Samples were water samples collected from the second depth, which was designed to sample the mixed layer when a mixed layer existed, generally between 5m - 15m. Before counting, samples from single stations were pooled into four regions: NE (northern inshore), SE (southern inshore), Alley (the region of the California Current) and Offshore (Central Pacific). Pooled samples were enumerated with an inverted microscope. The species data are presented by seven major taxonomic categories followed by the sums of those major taxa. The species codes are defined in the table metadata.
Geographic coordinates, soil properties, plant species composition and vegetation survey data in the study on tidal marshes of the Ogeechee, Altamaha and Satilla estuaries in Georgia, USA
We examined patterns of habitat function (plant species richness), productivity (plant aboveground biomass and total C), and nutrient stocks (N and P in aboveground plant biomass and soil) in tidal marshes of the Satilla, Altamaha, and Ogeechee Estuaries in Georgia, USA. We worked at two sites within each salinity zone (fresh, brackish, and saline) in each estuary, sampling a transect from the creekbank to the marsh platform. Site-scale and plot-scale species richness decreased from fresh to saline sites. Standing crop biomass and total carbon stocks were greatest at brackish sites, followed by freshwater then saline sites.
BGPVC Plant species composition in the Belowground Plot Experiment at Konza Prairie
Two permanent plant composition plots were marked with conduit in each of the 64 plots. Canopy cover was recorded in a 5 m2circular area surrounding each of the plots. At approximately 5-year intervals, coverage is assessed in late July, using visual estimates of cover by species, based on a modified Daubenmire scale. In 1989, sampling was done once in early July after mowing using one 10 m2 plot placed randomly in the approximate center of each plot. In 1994, plant composition sampling was done in early June in the unmowed plots; sampling in the mowed plots occurred in August. In 1999, two permanent conduits were placed in each plot, and sampling was conducted in June, before mowing, and again in August using 5 m2 plot sizes. In 2005 and afterward, sampling was reduced to one time in late July. Sampling occurred once every five years until 2015. Plots have been sampled annually since 2016. Two of the long-term unburned plots in a wildfire in 1994 and 1995. Those plots and years of the fire are indicated on the linked plot map. The mowing treatment was discontinued after 2002 due to invasion of the mowed plots by old world bluestem grasses. Data users should check for exotic species impacts on specific mowed subplots prior to this. In addition, fertilization in all plots ceased in 2017 as part of recovery from chronic N enrichment experiment.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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