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89 results for “species removal”
Plant community responses to functional group and species removals along biodiversity experiment vegetation transects at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1997-2002
This dataset contains vegetative cover data of plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. Following treatments, vegetative data was collected by sampling each plot along three transects twice a year (Spring and Fall) for 5 years from 1997-2002 (no data collected in 1998). This data set consists of the date of collection, plot number, treatment type, transect number, quadrat number, species codes, two diameters, height, condition, count, record IDs, and error codes. This study is complete.
Plant species-level responses to functional group and species removals in biodiversity experiment plots at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1999
This dataset contains individual species size data in vegetation plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. In 1999, this pilot study attempted to assess individual species responses of representative individuals in these treatments. Ten randomly selected individuals of eight plant species were measured in each experimental plot, and this dataset reports volumetric data (diameters and height) for each. The study was designed as an individual-based complement to the transect data in EDI dataset knb-lter-jrn.210121001 but was not continued past 1999. This dataset is complete.
Eradication via destratification: whole-lake mixing to selectively remove rainbow smelt, a cold-water invasive species.
Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) are an invasive species associated with several negative changes to lake ecosystems in northern Wisconsin. We combined empirically based bioenergetics models with empirically based hydrodynamic models to assess lake destratification as a potential rainbow smelt eradication method. The dataset reported here is the otolith data from 20 age 1plus individuals.
Plant species cover and biomass for Sevilleta dominant species removal experiment.
The purpose of this research project was to connect the removal of dominant grass species in grasslands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge to changes in plant community composition and subsequent changes in aboveground biomass. We used species cover data for 23 years of a dominant species removal experiment (https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/fd3c777524231ae245bf1916715c9140) and converted percent cover values to aboveground standing biomass using methods from Rudgers et al. 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13463). For this project, only two sites from the original study were used blue grama (site 1) and black grama (site 3) as they are referred to in the original study.
Stability of rocky intertidal communities in response to species removal varies across spatial scales
<p>Improving our understanding of stability across spatial scales is crucial in the current scenario of biodiversity loss. Still, most empirical studies of stability target small scales. Here we experimentally removed the local space-dominant species (macroalgae, barnacles, or mussels) at eight sites spanning more than 1000 km of coastline in north- and south-central Chile, and quantified the relationship between area (the number of aggregated sites) and stability in aggregate community variables (total cover) and taxonomic composition. Resistance, recovery, and invariability increased nonlinearly with area in both functional and compositional domains. Yet, the functioning of larger areas achieved a better, albeit still incomplete, recovery than composition. Compared with controls, smaller disturbed areas tended to overcompensate in terms of total cover. These effects were related to enhanced available space for recruitment (resulting from the removal of the dominant species), and to increasing beta diversity and decaying community-level spatial synchrony (resulting from increasing area). This study provides experimental evidence for the pivotal role of spatial scale in the ability of ecosystems to resist and recover from chronic disturbances. This knowledge can inform further ecosystem restoration and conservation policies.</p>
Рис. 1–6. Новые виΑы огневок с острова Борнео: 1, 3, 4 — Cirrhochrista milada Korb, sp. n., гоΛотип самец (1 — виΑ сверху; 3 — генитаΛии, эΑеагус уΑаΛен; 4 — эΑеагус); 2, 5, 6 — Paracymoriza platon Korb, sp. n., гоΛотип самец (2 — виΑ сверху; 5 — генитаΛии, эΑеагус уΑаΛен; 6 — эΑеагус) Fig. 1–6. New species of pyralid moths of the Borneo island: 1, 3, 4 — Cirrhochrista milada Korb, sp. n., male holotype (1 — top view; 3 — genitals, aedegus removed; 4 — aedeagus); 2, 5, 6 — Paracymoriza platon Korb, sp. n., male holotype (2 — top view; 5 — genitalia, aedeagus removed; 6 — aedeagus) in Contribution To The Knowledge Of Pyraloid Moths (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) Of The Borneo Island With The Descriptions Of Two New Species
Рис. 1–6. Новые виΑы огневок с острова Борнео: 1, 3, 4 — Cirrhochrista milada Korb, sp. n., гоΛотип самец (1 — виΑ сверху; 3 — генитаΛии, эΑеагус уΑаΛен; 4 — эΑеагус); 2, 5, 6 — Paracymoriza platon Korb, sp. n., гоΛотип самец (2 — виΑ сверху; 5 — генитаΛии, эΑеагус уΑаΛен; 6 — эΑеагус) Fig. 1–6. New species of pyralid moths of the Borneo island: 1, 3, 4 — Cirrhochrista milada Korb, sp. n., male holotype (1 — top view; 3 — genitals, aedegus removed; 4 — aedeagus); 2, 5, 6 — Paracymoriza platon Korb, sp. n., male holotype (2 — top view; 5 — genitalia, aedeagus removed; 6 — aedeagus)
◂Fig. 6 Gynoecial development, fruit and seedling of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–F light microscopy, G–K stereo microscopy of endocarp, mesocarp removed; L–O field images; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and strongly stained, peripheral tissue). C, D TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). E Young fruit %note developing endocarp and flashily pink portions of the mesocarp). F TS of postanthetic flower %note three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). G TS of endocarp, with three developed embryos removed %note scanty endosperm). H Endocarp. J TS of endocarp. K Endocarp. L Immature fruits. M Mature fruits. N Seedlings %note short hypocotyl and long petioles of cotyledons). O Seedlings %note long hypocotyl and short petioles of cotyledons; image taken from cultivated plant, accession number 2012–0005, in the Botanical Garden Munich) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; ao, abortive ovule; cot, cotyledon; db, dorsal bundle; c, calyx; ec, endocarp; ens, endosperm; ex, exocarp; fr, fruit; h, hypocotyl; int, integument; lb, lateral bundle; mc, mesocarp; o, ovule; pet, petiolus; sty, style; ut, peripheral tissue; vs, ventral slit) in Observations on flower and fruit anatomy in dioecious species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with evolutionary interpretations
◂Fig. 6 Gynoecial development, fruit and seedling of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–F light microscopy, G–K stereo microscopy of endocarp, mesocarp removed; L–O field images; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and strongly stained, peripheral tissue). C, D TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). E Young fruit %note developing endocarp and flashily pink portions of the mesocarp). F TS of postanthetic flower %note three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). G TS of endocarp, with three developed embryos removed %note scanty endosperm). H Endocarp. J TS of endocarp. K Endocarp. L Immature fruits. M Mature fruits. N Seedlings %note short hypocotyl and long petioles of cotyledons). O Seedlings %note long hypocotyl and short petioles of cotyledons; image taken from cultivated plant, accession number 2012–0005, in the Botanical Garden Munich) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; ao, abortive ovule; cot, cotyledon; db, dorsal bundle; c, calyx; ec, endocarp; ens, endosperm; ex, exocarp; fr, fruit; h, hypocotyl; int, integument; lb, lateral bundle; mc, mesocarp; o, ovule; pet, petiolus; sty, style; ut, peripheral tissue; vs, ventral slit)
◂Fig. 3 Gynoecium of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A, B stack shot images; C–K light microscopy; G polarised light; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B Anthetic female flower, calyx and corolla partly removed. B LS of gynoecium. C LS of functionally female flower %note strongly stained peripheral tissue of corolla, anther and gynoecium). D LS of gynoecium. E, F TS of functionally female flower %note strongly stained, peripheral tissue). G TS of functionally female flower %note crystal deposition). H LS of ovule %note stalked embryo sac). J TS of functionally male flower with non-functional ovules. K LS of functionally male flower %style lacking, original position indicated by an asterisk) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; a,anther; bs, basal septum; c, calyx; car, carpel; co, corolla; db, dorsal bundles; es, embryo sac; fs, false septum; lb, lateral bundles; o, ovule; stg, stigma; sty, style; t, trichomes; tt, transmission tissue; ut, peripheral, strongly stained tissue; vb, ventral bundles; vs, ventral slit) in Observations on flower and fruit anatomy in dioecious species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with evolutionary interpretations
◂Fig. 3 Gynoecium of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A, B stack shot images; C–K light microscopy; G polarised light; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B Anthetic female flower, calyx and corolla partly removed. B LS of gynoecium. C LS of functionally female flower %note strongly stained peripheral tissue of corolla, anther and gynoecium). D LS of gynoecium. E, F TS of functionally female flower %note strongly stained, peripheral tissue). G TS of functionally female flower %note crystal deposition). H LS of ovule %note stalked embryo sac). J TS of functionally male flower with non-functional ovules. K LS of functionally male flower %style lacking, original position indicated by an asterisk) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; a,anther; bs, basal septum; c, calyx; car, carpel; co, corolla; db, dorsal bundles; es, embryo sac; fs, false septum; lb, lateral bundles; o, ovule; stg, stigma; sty, style; t, trichomes; tt, transmission tissue; ut, peripheral, strongly stained tissue; vb, ventral bundles; vs, ventral slit)
Figs 18–20 in Redescription of larva, pupa and adult of Anopheles (Anopheles) annulipalpis (Diptera: Culicidae) and the removal of the specie of the Cycloleppteron Series
Figs 18–20, Anopheles (Anopheles) annulipalpis Lynch Arribálzaga, 1878, pupa: 18, CT (cephalothorax); 19, MT (metathorax) and abdominal segments I-VIII (left side dorsal, right side ventral); 20, pupa trumpet; Pa. (paddle). Scales in mm except, when indicated.
Figs 10–17 in Redescription of larva, pupa and adult of Anopheles (Anopheles) annulipalpis (Diptera: Culicidae) and the removal of the specie of the Cycloleppteron Series
Figs 10–17, Anopheles (Anopheles) annulipalpis LYnch ArribÁlzaga, 1878, larva: 10, pro- (P), meso- (M) and metathorax (T), and abdominal segments I-VI (left side dorsal, right side ventral); 11, head, left dorsal side, right ventral side; 12, abdominal segments VII–X lateral view; 13, pecten plate; 14, dorsomentum; 15, detail of antenna; 16, seta 3-C alternative; 17, seta 1-III. Scales in mm.
Figs 1–9 in Redescription of larva, pupa and adult of Anopheles (Anopheles) annulipalpis (Diptera: Culicidae) and the removal of the specie of the Cycloleppteron Series
Figs 1–9, Anopheles (Anopheles) annulipalpis LYnch ArribÁlzaga, 1878. 1, Female genitalia; 2–9, male genitalia: 2, dorsal lobe of Claspette, 3; setae of dorsal lobe of Claspette; 4, aedeagus; 5, lateral view of aedeagus; 6, gonocoxite and gonostylus dorsal aspect (prerotation sense); 7, ventral lobe of Claspette; 8, detail of ventral lobe of Claspette; 9, IX-Tergum. Scales in mm, except when indicated.
Data from: Impact of plant functional group and species removals on soil and plant nitrogen and phosphorus across a retrogressive chronosequence
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Stability of rocky intertidal communities in response to species removal varies across spatial scales
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Data from: Manipulation of cytosine methylation does not remove latitudinal clines in two invasive goldenrod species in Central Europe
<p><em><span>Invasive species frequently differentiate phenotypically in novel environments within a few generations, often even with limited genetic variation. For the invasive plants <i>Solidago canadensis </i>and <i>S. gigantea</i>,<i> </i>we tested whether such differentiation might have happened through heritable epigenetic changes in cytosine methylation. In a two-year common-garden experiment, we grew plants from seeds collected along a latitudinal gradient in their non-native Central European range to test for trait differentiation and whether differentiation disappeared when seeds were treated with the demethylation agent zebularine. Microsatellite markers revealed no population structure along the latitudinal gradient in </span></em><em><i><span>S. canadensis</span></i></em><em><span>, but three genetic clusters in </span></em><em><i><span>S. gigantea</span></i></em><em><span>. </span></em><em><i><span>Solidago canadensis</span></i></em><em><span> showed latitudinal clines in flowering phenology and growth. In </span></em><em><i><span>S. gigantea</span></i></em><em><span>, the number of clonal offspring decreased with latitude. Although zebularine had a significant effect on early growth, likely through effects on cytosine methylation, latitudinal clines remained (or even got stronger) in plants raised from seeds treated with zebularine. Thus, our experiment provides no evidence that epigenetic mechanisms by selective cytosine methylation contribute to the observed phenotypic differentiation in invasive goldenrods in Central Europe.</span></em></p>
Data from: Experimental species removals impact the architecture of pollination networks
Mutualistic networks are key for the creation and maintenance of biodiversity, yet are threatened by global environmental change. Most simulation models assume that network structure remains static after species losses, despite theoretical and empirical reasons to expect dynamic responses. We assessed the effects of experimental single bumblebee species removals on the structure of entire flower visitation networks. We hypothesized that network structure would change following processes linking interspecific competition with dietary niche breadth. We found that single pollinator species losses impact pollination network structure: resource complementarity decreased, while resource overlap increased. Despite marginally increased connectance, fewer plant species were visited after species removals. These changes may have negative functional impacts, as complementarity is important for maintaining biodiversity–ecological functioning relationships and visitation of rare plant species is critical for maintaining diverse plant communities.
Data from: Seasonality promotes grassland diversity: interactions with mowing, fertilization and removal of dominant species
1. Current biodiversity declines in species-rich grasslands are connected with the cessation of management, eutrophication and the expansion of dominant grass species. One of the theoretical mechanisms limiting biodiversity loss is the ability of subordinate species to avoid competitive exclusion by seasonal niche separation from dominant species. Here we explore how seasonality underpins the maintenance of diversity in temperate meadows under different management regimes and competition intensities in relation to species functional traits. 2. We studied eight different communities in a long-term meadow experiment that manipulated mowing, fertilization and dominant species (Molinia caerulea) removal. In each community, species-specific trait and biomass data were taken five times during the year to test whether seasonal variation in species composition and functional strategies enable species to coexist. 3. Mown unfertlized meadows exhibited pronounced seasonal variations in community composition and structure, linked to differences in resource-use strategies between mid-summer dominants and the spring and autumn subordinates. Higher specific leaf area and foliar nitrogen concentration in the fast-growing dominants, and increased water use (δ13C) and nutrient acquisition (δ15N) efficiency in resource-retentive subordinates, best predicted their temporal niche separation. Seasonal segregation of species with contrasting strategies increased after mowing cessation, and the resulting summer dominance of Molinia. Conversely, the seasonal dynamics were markedly reduced by fertilization, promoting tall grasses over sedges and forbs throughout the entire year, thereby decreasing the overall taxonomic and functional diversity. When Molinia was removed the compositional changes during the season became less pronounced, being significant only in mown unfertilized plots. 4. Seasonal shifts in community composition reduced the competitive interactions and promoted the coexistence of dominant and subordinate species. Seasonality reversed the negative mid-summer diversity-productivity relationship to a positive one during the spring and autumn, and seasonality only prevented diversity loss in unfertilized conditions possibly because competition is most intense in summer. In fertilized meadows, subordinate species are not able to escape competitive exclusion by shifting their phenological peaks to the spring or autumn periods because asymmetric competition is intense over the entire growing season. Studying seasonal dynamics is key to understanding the maintenance of grassland diversity under ongoing land use change.
Plant–hummingbird pollination networks exhibit limited rewiring after experimental removal of a locally abundant plant species
<p>In this study, we simulated the local extinction of a hummingbird-pollinated understory plant, <em>Heliconia</em> <em>tortuosa</em>, from tropical forest fragments using a replicated Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) experimental design while quantifying plant-hummingbird interactions through two parallel techniques: pollen collected from individual hummingbirds ('pollen networks', created from >300 pollen samples) and observations of hummingbirds visiting focal plants ('camera networks', created from >19,000 observation hours). Each response variable was measured during each experimental period (pre and post) in sites with and without <em>H. tortuosa</em> removal (treatment and control).</p>
Plant–hummingbird pollination networks exhibit limited rewiring after experimental removal of a locally abundant plant species
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Data from: Experimental species removals impact the architecture of pollination networks
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Data from: Seasonality promotes grassland diversity: interactions with mowing, fertilization and removal of dominant species
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