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Fig. 4 in Acaricide efficacy and resistance in South Carolina tomato populations of twospotted spider mite
Fig. 4. LC50 values (± 95% confidence interval) for 7 AIs screened against a known-susceptible lab colony and 3 field-collected populations of Tetranychus urticae. When present, the dashed line indicates the amount of AI in the maximum labelled field rate. This value also is indicated in each graph by "FR=". The resistance ratio of each AI × population is written above each data point.
Fig. 1 in Acaricide efficacy and resistance in South Carolina tomato populations of twospotted spider mite
Fig. 1. Mean (± SE) spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) counts per tomato leaflet in a 2015 and 2016 acaricide efficacy trial conducted in South Carolina, USA. Arrows indicate dates of acaricide applications. Treatments with the same letter within a date are not statistically different (lsmeans P> 0.05). "ns" indicates that the overall model was not significant. The dotted line represents the action threshold for spider mites in tomato (2 per leaflet).
Fig. 2 in Acaricide efficacy and resistance in South Carolina tomato populations of twospotted spider mite
Fig. 2. Mean (± SE) cumulative mite d of Tetranychus urticae in a 2015 and 2016 acaricide efficacy trial conducted in South Carolina, USA. Arrows indicate dates of acaricide applications. Treatments with the same letter within a date are not statistically different (lsmeans P> 0.05). "ns" indicates that the overall model was not significant.
Figure 2 in Population dynamics, age structure and sex ratio of the bromeliad-dwelling jumping spider, Psecas chapoda (Salticidae)
Figure 2. Mean number (¡SE) of Psecas chapoda per Bromelia balansae with no inflorescence, from May 1998 to April 2000 (N53516 spiders).
Figure 1 in Population dynamics, age structure and sex ratio of the bromeliad-dwelling jumping spider, Psecas chapoda (Salticidae)
Figure 1. Fluctuations in the number of Psecas chapoda and egg sacs (log) on bromeliads with and without inflorescence, and the frequency (%) of bromeliads in bloom (with inflorescence or infrutescence) between May 1998 and April 2000 (N53516 spiders and 314 egg sacs).
Figure 5 in Population dynamics, age structure and sex ratio of the bromeliad-dwelling jumping spider, Psecas chapoda (Salticidae)
Figure 5. Mean number (¡SE) of spiders Psecas chapoda on bromeliads that produced inflorescence between August and December and on bromeliads that did not produce inflorescence until December, in 1998 (A) and 1999 (B). The frequency (%) of bromeliads that bloomed up to December is also shown.
Figure 4 in Population dynamics, age structure and sex ratio of the bromeliad-dwelling jumping spider, Psecas chapoda (Salticidae)
Figure 4. Phenogram of the Psecas chapoda population on plants of Bromelia balansae without inflorescence, from May 1998 to April 2000 (N53516 spiders).
Data from: Tetranychus evansi spider mite populations suppress tomato defences to varying degrees
<p>Plant defence suppression is an offensive strategy of herbivores, in which they manipulate plant physiological processes to increase their performance. Paradoxically, defence suppression does not always benefit the defence-suppressing herbivores, because lowered plant defences can also enhance the performance of competing herbivores and can expose herbivores to increased predation. Suppression of plant defence may therefore entail considerable ecological costs depending on the presence of competitors and natural enemies in a community. Hence, we hypothesize that the optimal magnitude of suppression differs among locations. To investigate this, we studied defence suppression across populations of Tetranychus evansi spider mites, a herbivore from South America that is an invasive pest of solanaceous plants including cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, in other parts of the world. We measured the level of expression of defence marker genes in tomato plants after infestation with mites from eleven different T. evansi populations. These populations were chosen across a range of native (South American) and non-native (other continents) environments and from different host plant species. We found significant variation at three out of four defence marker genes, demonstrating that T. evansi populations suppress jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-dependent plant signalling pathways to varying degrees. While we found no indication that this variation in defence suppression was explained by differences in host plant species, invasive populations tended to suppress plant defence to a smaller extent than native populations. This may reflect either the genetic lineage of T. evansi - as all invasive populations we studied belong to one linage and both native populations to another - or the absence of specialized natural enemies in invasive T. evansi populations.</p>
Data from: Specialists and generalists coexist within a population of spider-hunting mud dauber wasps
Individual foraging specialization describes the phenomenon where conspecifics within a population of generalists exhibit differences in foraging behavior, each specializing on different prey types. Individual specialization is widespread in animals, yet is understudied in invertebrates, despite potential impacts to food web and population dynamics. Sceliphron caementarium (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) is an excellent system to examine individual specialization. Females of these mud-dauber wasps capture and paralyze spiders which they store in mud nests to provision their offspring. Individuals may make hundreds of prey choices in their short lifespan and fully intact prey items can be easily excavated from their mud nests, where each distinct nest cell represents a discrete foraging bout. Using data collected from a single population of S. caementarium (where all individuals had access to the same resources), we found evidence of strong individual specialization; individuals utilized different resources (with respect to prey taxa, prey ecological guild, and prey size) to provision their nests. The extent of individual specialization differed widely within the population with some females displaying extreme specialization (taking only prey from a single species) while others were generalists (taking prey from up to six spider families). We also found evidence of temporal consistency in individual specialization over multiple foraging events. We discuss these findings broadly in the context of search images, responses to changing prey availability, and intraspecific competition pressure.
Microgeographic population structuring in a genus of California trapdoor spiders and discovery of an enigmatic new species (Euctenizidae: Promyrmekiaphila korematsui sp. nov.)
<p>The recognition and delineation of cryptic species remains a perplexing problem in systematics, evolution, and species delimitation. Once recognized as such, cryptic species complexes provide fertile ground for studying genetic divergence within the context of phenotypic and ecological divergence (or lack thereof). Herein we document the discovery of a new cryptic species of trapdoor spider, <em>Promyrmekiaphila korematsui </em>sp. nov. Using subgenomic data obtained via target enrichment, we document the phylogeography of the California endemic genus <em>Promyrmekiaphila </em>and<em> </em>its constituent species, which also includes <em>P. clathrata </em>and <em>P. winnemem</em>. Based on these data we show a pattern of strong geographic structuring among populations but cannot entirely discount recent gene flow among populations that are parapatric, particularly for deeply diverged lineages within <em>P. clathrata</em>.<em> </em>The genetic data, in addition to revealing a new undescribed species, also allude to a pattern of potential phenotypic differentiation where species likely come into contact. Alternatively, phenotypic cohesion among genetically divergent <em>P. clathrata </em>lineages suggests that some level of gene flow is ongoing or occurred in the recent past. Despite considerable field collection efforts over many years, additional sampling in potential zones of contact for both species and lineages is needed to completely resolve the dynamics of divergence in <em>Promyrmekiaphila</em> at the population-species interface.</p>
Figure 4 in Phenology of an urban population of Lyssomanes jemineus Peckham & Wheeler (Araneae: Salticidae) with a list of other jumping spiders from the same Costa Rican site
Figure 4. Lyssomanes jemineus from study site in Costa Rica. A, Spiderling, 18 weeks old, feeding on Drosophila melanogaster. B, Spiderlings, 2 weeks old, with a mm scale at the left. C, Oviposition by adult female. D-E, Maternal care of hatching spiderlings by female during the month of May. F, Adult female feeding on a microhymenopteran. G.-I, Adult male. G, Dorsal view. H, Ventral view. I, Ventral view of right pedipalp. J-L, Adult female. J, Dorsal view. K, Ventral view. L, Ventral view of right pedipalp. Macrophotography with Reflex Camera 850, 20X microscope lenses and focus stacking of 180 images.
Figure 1 in Phenology of an urban population of Lyssomanes jemineus Peckham & Wheeler (Araneae: Salticidae) with a list of other jumping spiders from the same Costa Rican site
Figure 1. Study area at the University of Costa Rica in San Pedro de Montes de Oca, northwest of the
Figure 3 in Population dynamics, age structure and sex ratio of the bromeliad-dwelling jumping spider, Psecas chapoda (Salticidae)
Figure 3. Climatic data from Itauna farm (5 km from the study site), from May 1998 to April 2000.
FIGURE 1 in Population Growth Parameters Of The Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae, On Three Peach Varieties In Iran
FIGURE 1: Survival rate for life stages of T. urticae, from egg to adult emergence, on three peach varieties, Redtap, G.H.Hale and Kardi, under 27 ± 1 °C, 50 ± 10 % humidity and photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) conditions.
FIGURE 2 in Population Growth Parameters Of The Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae, On Three Peach Varieties In Iran
FIGURE 2: Age-specific survival (lx) curves of female of T. urticae in adulthood on three peach varieties.
FIGURE 4 in Population Growth Parameters Of The Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae, On Three Peach Varieties In Iran
FIGURE 4: Offspring sex ratio of females of T. urticae reared on three peach varieties. At each sampling date, black and white bars indicate the percentages of male and female offspring, respectively.
FIGURE 9 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria
FIGURE 9: Mean densities of phytoseiid dominant species per trap (± SE) attached to citrus twigs in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from the beginning of November 2013 to the beginning of May 2014.
FIGURE 8 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria
FIGURE 8: Mean densities of Phytoseiidae per trap (± SE) attached to citrus twigs in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from the beginning of November 2013 to the beginning of May 2014.
FIGURE 7 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria
FIGURE 7: Relative abundance of phytoseiid mite species in Phyto traps attached to citrus twigs in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from November 2013 to May 2014.
FIGURE 6 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria
FIGURE 6: Percentage of Phyto traps attached to citrus twigs occupied by different number of phytoseiid individuals from November 2013 to May 2014.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.