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17 results for “spine surface”
РИС. 7. НедостаточнаЯ промывка раковин глохидиев после очиЩениЯ в Щелочи (5% КОН). А, С. «Замыленность» пор наружной поверхности створок (Cristaria tuberculata, оЗ. Ханка, Приморский кр.). B. Остаток Щелочи, выпавШий кристаллами на поверхности личинки (Unio dembeae, р. Дуко, ЭфиопиЯ). D. Капли раствора Щелочи (укаЗаны стрелками) на поверхности Шипов крючка (Nodularia douglasiae, р. Гион, о-в Хонсю, ЯпониЯ). МасШтаб 5 мкм (А, С), 2 мкм (B, D). Микроскоп Zeiss MERLIN, напыление углеродом (А, В), хромом (С, D). FIG. 7. Insufficient rinsing of glochidia after cleaning in alkali (5% KOH). A, C. «Blurredness» of the exterior valve pores (Cristaria tuberculata, Khanka Lake, Primorsky Krai). B. Precipitation of alkali crystals on the exterior glochidia surface (Unio dembeae, Duko River, Ethiopia). D. Drops of alkali (indicated by arrows) on the hook spines (Nodularia douglasiae, Gion River, Honshu Island, Japan). Scale bars 5 μm (A, C), 2 μm (B, D). Zeiss MERLIN microscope, sputter coating with carbon (A, B) and chromium (C, D). in Методика подготовки раковин глохидиев (Bivalvia, Unionidae) длЯ работы на сканируюЩем Электронном микроскопе
РИС. 7. НедостаточнаЯ промывка раковин глохидиев после очиЩениЯ в Щелочи (5% КОН). А, С. «Замыленность» пор наружной поверхности створок (Cristaria tuberculata, оЗ. Ханка, Приморский кр.). B. Остаток Щелочи, выпавШий кристаллами на поверхности личинки (Unio dembeae, р. Дуко, ЭфиопиЯ). D. Капли раствора Щелочи (укаЗаны стрелками) на поверхности Шипов крючка (Nodularia douglasiae, р. Гион, о-в Хонсю, ЯпониЯ). МасШтаб 5 мкм (А, С), 2 мкм (B, D). Микроскоп Zeiss MERLIN, напыление углеродом (А, В), хромом (С, D). FIG. 7. Insufficient rinsing of glochidia after cleaning in alkali (5% KOH). A, C. «Blurredness» of the exterior valve pores (Cristaria tuberculata, Khanka Lake, Primorsky Krai). B. Precipitation of alkali crystals on the exterior glochidia surface (Unio dembeae, Duko River, Ethiopia). D. Drops of alkali (indicated by arrows) on the hook spines (Nodularia douglasiae, Gion River, Honshu Island, Japan). Scale bars 5 μm (A, C), 2 μm (B, D). Zeiss MERLIN microscope, sputter coating with carbon (A, B) and chromium (C, D).
Text-fig. 7B. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, BMNH E3358, x 4. Hunsrück Slate articulated specimen. Underside of arm showing two contrasting appearances of lateral arm plates in a single arm. The arm is rolled slightly. Of the left lateral arm plates the lateral surface is extensively exposed. The spine ridge faces distally (posteriorly). Of the right lateral arm plates only the ventral edge that borders the ambulacral groove is exposed. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 7B. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, BMNH E3358, x 4. Hunsrück Slate articulated specimen. Underside of arm showing two contrasting appearances of lateral arm plates in a single arm. The arm is rolled slightly. Of the left lateral arm plates the lateral surface is extensively exposed. The spine ridge faces distally (posteriorly). Of the right lateral arm plates only the ventral edge that borders the ambulacral groove is exposed.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular.
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Isoetales (a–d) and megaspores of uncertain affinity (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Paxillitriletes reticulatus megaspore in lateral view showing long appendages on the flanges of the laesurae and the reticulate-spiny distal surface; b) Dijkstraisporites sp. megaspore in oblique lateral view showing long, sometimes dichotomizing, appendages on the equatorial flanges and bordering the laesurae; c, d) Tenellisporites sp. megaspore in proximal view (c) showing equatorial flanges and laesurae with short, broad, flattened and unbranched appendages; note numerous, spiny microspores adhering to the proximal face of the megaspore (d); e) Megaspore type sp. 2 in lateral view showing apical gula and ornamentation of scattered spines; f, g) Megaspore type sp. 3 in lateral (f) and proximal (g) view showing broad, often dichotomously branched appendages covering the megaspore surface; h, i) aff. Flabellisporites sp. megaspores in proximal (h) and lateral (i) view showing long, narrow appendages covering the megaspore surface. Specimens, TV39-S174619 (a), TV38-S170220 (b), TV38-S170221 (c, d), TV44-S174574 (e), TV44-S174575 (f), TV44-S174577 (g), TV38-S170223 (h), TV38-S170222 (i). Scale bars 100 Μm (a–c, e–i), 25 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Isoetales (a–d) and megaspores of uncertain affinity (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Paxillitriletes reticulatus megaspore in lateral view showing long appendages on the flanges of the laesurae and the reticulate-spiny distal surface; b) Dijkstraisporites sp. megaspore in oblique lateral view showing long, sometimes dichotomizing, appendages on the equatorial flanges and bordering the laesurae; c, d) Tenellisporites sp. megaspore in proximal view (c) showing equatorial flanges and laesurae with short, broad, flattened and unbranched appendages; note numerous, spiny microspores adhering to the proximal face of the megaspore (d); e) Megaspore type sp. 2 in lateral view showing apical gula and ornamentation of scattered spines; f, g) Megaspore type sp. 3 in lateral (f) and proximal (g) view showing broad, often dichotomously branched appendages covering the megaspore surface; h, i) aff. Flabellisporites sp. megaspores in proximal (h) and lateral (i) view showing long, narrow appendages covering the megaspore surface. Specimens, TV39-S174619 (a), TV38-S170220 (b), TV38-S170221 (c, d), TV44-S174574 (e), TV44-S174575 (f), TV44-S174577 (g), TV38-S170223 (h), TV38-S170222 (i). Scale bars 100 Μm (a–c, e–i), 25 Μm (d).
Triangulated surface geometry of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic spine
<p>Triangulated surface geometry of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic spine, stored as <a href="https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000504.shtml">STL</a>.</p> <p>The dataset is used to develop the SODALITE virtual clinical trial use-case. It contains a triangulated iso-surface of a part of the lumbar spine. The geometry starts caudal at L2 which is only partially contained and ends cranial at T9 which also only partially contained. The triangulation is extracted from the coresponding <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3959070">volume dataset</a>.</p> <p>The datasets content is illustrated by the attached png image which shows a shaded surface rendering of the dataset.</p> <pre><code>Format : STL Header : BINARY Byte Order : LittleEndian Grid Type : Unstructured # Nodes : 346051 # Elements : 692244 Data-Type : Uint32, Float32, Uint16 </code></pre> <p> </p>
FIGURE 1. Calamus tadulakoensis. A. Cirrus with irregular spines. B. Grayish-white indumentose abaxial pinna surface. C. Leaf sheath with non-spiny knee. D in A new species of Calamus (Calaminae, Calamoideae, Arecaceae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia
FIGURE 1. Calamus tadulakoensis. A. Cirrus with irregular spines. B. Grayish-white indumentose abaxial pinna surface. C. Leaf sheath with non-spiny knee. D. Fruits borne on short, stout pedicels.
FIGURE 24. Schizaster lacunosus dried test with spines. A. Aboral surface. B. Oral surface. C in New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong
FIGURE 24. Schizaster lacunosus dried test with spines. A. Aboral surface. B. Oral surface. C. Lateral view.
Figure 7 in Phylogenetic analysis and osteological comparison of the cave-dwelling spined loach, Bibarba parvoculus (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), and its surface congener
Figure 7. Chronogram of the family Cobitidae derived from the Bayesian relaxed uncorrelated lognormal molecular clock method using the Cytb dataset. The red asterisks indicate the two fossil calibration nodes. The bars on the node indicate 95% credible intervals of the divergence time estimates. Species names follow the original references (Supporting Information, File S1).
Figure 5 in Phylogenetic analysis and osteological comparison of the cave-dwelling spined loach, Bibarba parvoculus (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), and its surface congener
Figure 5. Skeleton of surface-dwelling Bibarba bibarba (HBU20170801, male) (except F from the HBU20170802, female). A, radiograph of the whole skeleton. B, cranial skeleton and associated anterior vertebrae. C, neurocranium. D, suspensorium plus branchiostegals. E, G, pharyngeal bone in lateral view. F, neurocranium of a female. H, radiograph of the caudal skeleton. All pictures are in lateral view except G in dorsal view. Scale bar: 5000 µm in A, 1500 µm in B–D, F, H, 900 µm in E, G.
Figure 3 in Phylogenetic analysis and osteological comparison of the cave-dwelling spined loach, Bibarba parvoculus (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), and its surface congener
Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree of the family Cobitidae, including Bibarba and outgroups from the Bayesian analysis of nuclear RAG1 sequences. Clade credibility values of major lineages are given for nodes with posterior probability for BI (above branch, ×100) and bootstrap support for Maximum likelihood (below branch, ×100). Species names follow the original references (Supporting Information, File S1).
Figure 2 in Phylogenetic analysis and osteological comparison of the cave-dwelling spined loach, Bibarba parvoculus (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), and its surface congener
Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of the family Cobitidae, including Bibarba and outgroups from the Bayesian analysis of mitochondrial Cytb sequences. Clade credibility values of major lineages are given for nodes with posterior probability for BI (above branch, ×100) and bootstrap support for Maximum likelihood (below branch, ×100). Species names follow the original references (Supporting Information, File S1).
Figure 6 in Phylogenetic analysis and osteological comparison of the cave-dwelling spined loach, Bibarba parvoculus (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), and its surface congener
Figure 6. Pecotral girdle and skull roof of Bibarba species and Cobitis microcephala. A–C, B. parvoculus (GTEU20150382, female). D–F, B. parvoculus (LJH 2016120051, male). G–I, B. bibarba (HBU20170802, female). J–L, B. bibarba (HBU20170801, male). M–O, Co. microcephala (HBU20170890, male). A, D, G, J, M, pectoral girdle in medial view. B, E, H, K, N, pectoral girdle in lateral view. C, F, I, L, O, skull roof in dorsal view, the bottom of neurocranium removed for
Figure 1 in Phylogenetic analysis and osteological comparison of the cave-dwelling spined loach, Bibarba parvoculus (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), and its surface congener
Figure 1. Distribution map and photographs of Bibarba species. A, type locality of B. bibarba (circle) and B. parvoculus (triangle). The inserted map shows the worldwide distribution of the Northern Clade and the Southern Clade of the family Cobitidae with the enlarged area framed. B, Bibarba species, upper: surface-dwelling B. bibarba (HBU20170801, male); lower: cave-dwelling B. parvoculus (LJH 2016120051, male). C, left pectoral fin of B. bibarba (HBU20170801, male) in dorsal view. D, left pectoral fin of B. parvoculus (LJH 2016120051, male) in dorsal view. Arrowheads indicate the lamina circularis on second and third pectoral rays. Scale bar: 10 mm in B, 1.5 mm in C, D.
Figure 4 in Phylogenetic analysis and osteological comparison of the cave-dwelling spined loach, Bibarba parvoculus (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), and its surface congener
Figure 4. Skeleton of cave-dwelling Bibarba parvoculus (LJH 2016120051, male) (except F from a female GTEU20150382). A, radiograph of the whole skeleton. B, cranial skeleton, pectoral girdle and associated anterior vertebrae. C, neurocranium. D, suspensorium plus branchiostegals. E, G, pharyngeal bone. F, neurocranium of a female. H, radiograph of the caudal skeleton. All pictures are in lateral view except G in dorsal view. Abbreviations: ach, anterior ceratohyal; bc, bony capsule; boc, basioccipital; boc pp, pharyngeal process of basioccipital; br, branchiostegal ray; den, dentary; ect, ectopterygoid; ent,
Data from: The influence of cactus spine surface structure on puncture performance and anchoring ability is tuned for ecology
Spines are common morphological features found in almost all major biological groups offering an opportunity to explore large-scale evolutionary convergence across disparate clades. As an example, opuntioid cacti have spines with barbed ornamentation that is remarkably similar in form and scale to that found on porcupine quills, suggesting specific biomechanical convergence across the animal and plant kingdoms. While the mechanics of porcupine quills as defensive mechanisms has been previously tested, the mechanics of cacti spines (which have evolved to fill a number of functions including defense, climbing and dispersal) has not been characterized. Here we study the puncturing and anchoring ability of six species of cactus, including both barbed and non-barbed spines. We found that barbed spines require less work to puncture a variety of targets than non-barbed spines. Barbed spines also require more work than non-barbed spines to withdraw from biological materials, due to their barbs engaging with tissue fibers. These results closely match those found previously for barbed vs. non-barbed porcupine quills, implying biomechanical convergence. The variation in performance of barbed versus non-barbed spines, as well as between barbed spines from different species, is likely tied to the diversity of ecological functions of cactus spines.
Text-fig. 9A. Eospondylus cf. primigenius (STÜRTZ) "Červený lom" quarry near Praha-Klukovice, Loděnice Limestone, Lower Devonian, Pragian, NM L 36910, x 40. Left lateral plate. Inner surface view from below. The spine ridge faces distally (posteriorly) and has blunt pointed denticles. Anterior and parallel to denticled part of spine ridge is internal rounded ridge. Ventrolaterally ossicle has slit-like sockets for groove spines. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 9A. Eospondylus cf. primigenius (STÜRTZ) "Červený lom" quarry near Praha-Klukovice, Loděnice Limestone, Lower Devonian, Pragian, NM L 36910, x 40. Left lateral plate. Inner surface view from below. The spine ridge faces distally (posteriorly) and has blunt pointed denticles. Anterior and parallel to denticled part of spine ridge is internal rounded ridge. Ventrolaterally ossicle has slit-like sockets for groove spines.
Data from: The influence of cactus spine surface structure on puncture performance and anchoring ability is tuned for ecology
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