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29 results for “spiny frog”
Sex-linked markers by genome-wide RAD sequencing to identify XX/XY Sex Chromosomes in the spiny frog (Quasipaa boulengeri)
<p><span>We use genotyping by sequencing as an approach to identify sex-linked markers in the spiny frog <i>Quasipaa boulengeri</i> with 43 wild-collected adults from a single site. The GBS methodology identified 2 loci on sex differences in allele frequencies, 50 loci on sex differences in heterozygosity, and 523 loci on male-limited occurrence, altogether associated with males heterogamety, indicating an XX-XY system. The sex specificity of five markers was further validated by PCR amplification with a large number of additional individuals from 26 various populations in this species. A total of 27 sex linkage markers were matched to Dmrt1 gene, a ubiquitous role in sex determination and differentiation from flies and nematodes to mammals. Chromosome 1, that harboring Dmrt1, has further been assigned to a highly potential candidate sex chromosome in anurans. Five sex-linked SNP makers explored 3 sex reversals out of 133 individuals here, sparsely showing sex reversal detected in wild amphibian populations. </span></p>
Aligned DNA sequence matrix for phylogenetic analyses in the article "A new species of spiny-backed tree frog, genus Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae), from the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park in central Peru"
<p>Aligned DNA sequence matrix for phylogenetic analyses of the article "Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species"</p> <p>The matrix is in NEXUS format and has 14791 bp and 38 terminals.</p> <p>Partitions are as follows:</p> <p>charset 12S_16S = 1-2442;<br> charset mtGenome_other_genes = 2443-9180; charset nonCoding = 3132- 3138 4776- 4857 5203- 5214;<br> charset codonPos1 = 2443-3130\3 3139-4774\3 4858-5200\3 5215-9178\3;<br> charset codonPos2 = 2444-3131\3 3140-4775\3 4859-5201\3 5216-9179\3;<br> charset codonPos3 = 2445-3129\3 3141-4773\3 4860-5202\3 5217-9180\3;<br> charset 16S_ND1nonCoding = 9181- 9428 10390- 10506 ;<br> charset 16S_ND1codonPos1 = 9429-10389\3;<br> charset 16S_ND1codonPos2 = 9430-10387\3;<br> charset 16S_ND1codonPos3 = 9431-10388\3;<br> charset POMCcodonPos1 = 10507-11068\3;<br> charset POMCcodonPos2 = 10508-11066\3;<br> charset POMCcodonPos3 = 10509-11067\3;<br> charset CO1codonPos1 = 11069-12608\3;<br> charset CO1codonPos2 = 11070-12609\3;<br> charset CO1codonPos3 = 11071-12610\3;<br> charset CytbcodonPos1 = 12611-13757\3;<br> charset CytbcodonPos2 = 12612-13758\3;<br> charset CytbcodonPos3 = 12613-13759\3;<br> charset ND2codonPos1 = 13760-14789\3;<br> charset ND2codonPos2 = 13761-14790\3;<br> charset ND2codonPos3 = 13762-14791\3;</p>
Sex-linked markers by genome-wide RAD sequencing to identify XX/XY Sex Chromosomes in the spiny frog (Quasipaa boulengeri)
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Data from: Genealogy and palaeodrainage basins in Yunnan Province: phylogeography of the Yunnan spiny frog, Nanorana yunnanensis (Dicroglossidae)
Historical drainage patterns adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau differed markedly from those of today. We examined the relationship between drainage history and geographic patterns of genetic variation in the Yunnan spiny frog, Nanorana yunnanensis, using approximately 981 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) partial sequences from encoding genes ND1 and ND2, and intervening areas including complete tRNA Ile, tRNA Gln, and tRNA Met. Two null hypotheses were tested, including (1) that genetic patterns do not correspond to the development of drainage systems and (2) that populations had been stable and not experienced population expansion, bottlenecking and selection. Genealogical analyses identified three, major, well-supported maternal lineages, each of which had two sublineages. These divergent lineages were completely concordant with six geographical regions. Genetic structure and divergence were strongly congruent with historical rather than contemporary drainage patterns. Most lineages and sublineages were formed through population fragmentation events during the rearrangement of paleodrainage basins in the early Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Sympatric lineages occurred only in localities at the boundaries of major drainages, likely reflecting secondary contact of previously allopatric populations. Extensive population expansion probably occurred early in the Middle Pleistocene accompanying dramatic climatic oscillations.
FIGURE 8 in Systematics of the Central African Spiny Reed Frog Afrixalus laevis (Anura Hyperoliidae), with the description of two new species from the Albertine Rift
FIGURE 8. Photos of the preserved holotype of Afrixalus phantasma sp. nov. (ZFMK 103454) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (to scale), and plantar view of the left foot (C). Photos of the preserved holotype of A. lacustris sp. nov. (UTEP 20805) in dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views (to scale), and plantar view of the left foot (F).
FIGURE 6 in Systematics of the Central African Spiny Reed Frog Afrixalus laevis (Anura Hyperoliidae), with the description of two new species from the Albertine Rift
FIGURE 6. Population-level divergence dating analyses of Afrixalus laevis generated in BEAST, based on the 16S gene. (A) Populations from Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea) and Cameroon (sensu stricto), (B) Populations representing two new species from Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Rwanda, and Uganda (AR and nearby forests).
FIGURE 5 in Systematics of the Central African Spiny Reed Frog Afrixalus laevis (Anura Hyperoliidae), with the description of two new species from the Albertine Rift
FIGURE 5. Distribution map of Afrixalus phantasma sp. nov. (black symbols) and A. lacustris sp. nov. (white symbols). Star, triangle, and circle symbols represent holotype, examined specimens, and literature records (Drewes & Vindum 1994; Laurent 1950, 1952, 1972, 1982; Vonesh 2001), respectively. Areas shaded in lighter gray are below 1700 meters, whereas areas shaded in darker gray are 1700 meters or higher. Lakes are shown in white. Gray triangle symbol represents A. lacustris specimens (RMCA 77-020-B-133–136) from a problematic locality at Tubutubu, Itombwe Plateau, DRC; see species account for details. B = Burundi, R = Rwanda.
FIGURE 9 in Systematics of the Central African Spiny Reed Frog Afrixalus laevis (Anura Hyperoliidae), with the description of two new species from the Albertine Rift
FIGURE 9. Audiospectrogram (top) and corresponding waveform (bottom) of a five-note advertisement call of a paratype (ZFMK 103459) of Afrixalus phantasma sp. nov. recorded on 11 March 2011 at Kamiranzovu swamp, Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda.
FIGURE 7 in Systematics of the Central African Spiny Reed Frog Afrixalus laevis (Anura Hyperoliidae), with the description of two new species from the Albertine Rift
FIGURE 7. Photos of Afrixalus phantasma sp. nov. in life. Adult male holotype, ZFMK 103454 (field no. JMD 723), from Gishwati-Mukura National Park, Rwanda, in the habitat showing nighttime coloration (A), adult male paratype, ZFMK 103460 (field no. JMD 679) from Kamiranzovu Swamp, Nyungwe National Park, showing daytime coloration in dorsal (B) and ventral views (C), adult male paratype UTEP 20802 (EBG 1198) from Kahuzi-Biega National Park, DRC (D), photographed the morning after capture.
FIGURE 12 in Systematics of the Central African Spiny Reed Frog Afrixalus laevis (Anura Hyperoliidae), with the description of two new species from the Albertine Rift
FIGURE 12. Photos of Afrixalus lacustris sp. nov. in life. Adult male holotype (UTEP 20805), from the vicinity of Kalundu (03.15552° S, 28.42108° E, 1482 m), South Kivu Province, DRC in dorsal (A) and (B) ventral views, adult female (UTEP 20809) from Baraka, near shore of Lake Tanganyika, South Kivu Province, DRC (C), adult female (EPLU 395) from Epulu, Ituri Province, DRC (D), adult male (UTEP 22417) from Toyokana, Ituri Province, DRC (E), individual of unknown sex (DFH 1102) from Ngogo Research Center, Kibale Forest National Park, Western Region, Uganda (F). All photos taken the morning after capture.
FIGURE 11 in Systematics of the Central African Spiny Reed Frog Afrixalus laevis (Anura Hyperoliidae), with the description of two new species from the Albertine Rift
FIGURE 11. Photos of the habitat of (A) Afrixalus phantasma sp. nov. in Kamiranzovu Swamp, Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, showing a forest edge in a montane marsh, and (B) A. lacustris sp. nov. from the vicinity of Kalundu, DRC, showing transitional forest.
FIGURE 1 in Systematics of the Central African Spiny Reed Frog Afrixalus laevis (Anura Hyperoliidae), with the description of two new species from the Albertine Rift
FIGURE 1. Photos of Afrixalus laevis (sensu stricto) in life. Adult male, CAS 253842 (field no. DMP 782) from Manengouba II, Littoral Province, Cameroon in daytime (A) and night time (B) coloration, adult male, CAS 253814 (field no. DMP 747) from Small Koto, Southwest Province, Cameroon in daytime coloration (C), and adult female, CAS 253813 (field no. DMP 746) from Small Koto, Southwest Province, Cameroon in daytime coloration (D).
FIGURE 3 in Systematics of the Central African Spiny Reed Frog Afrixalus laevis (Anura Hyperoliidae), with the description of two new species from the Albertine Rift
FIGURE 3. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of the hyperoliid genus Afrixalus generated with RAxML, based on the concatenated 16S and RAG1 genes.
Figure 2 in Geographic variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism in the giant spiny frog Paa spinosa (David, 1875) (Anura: Ranoidae)
Figure 2. The sexual size dimorphism (SSD) ratio of five populations. SSD ratio = mean body size of the male/mean body size of the female.
Figure 1 in Geographic variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism in the giant spiny frog Paa spinosa (David, 1875) (Anura: Ranoidae)
Figure 1. Map of South China showing localities where Paa spinosa was sampled for analyses of geographic variation in body size. Names of sampling localities and geographic coordinates are as follows: JH: JinHua (29°32′ N, 119°33′ E). LS: LiShui (28°27′ N, 119°54′ E). PJ: Pingjiang (28°72′ N, 113°58′ E). JGS: JinGangshan (26°34′ N, 114°10′ E). YS: YangShan (24°48′ N, 112°63′ E).
Development and validation of an eDNA protocol for monitoring endemic Asian Spiny Frogs in the Himalayan region of Pakistan
<p>Wildlife monitoring programs are instrumental for the assessment of species, habitat status, and for the management of factors affecting them. This is particularly important for species found in freshwater ecosystems, such as amphibians, as they have higher estimated extinction rates than terrestrial species. We developed and validated two species-specific environmental DNA (eDNA) protocols and applied them in the field to detect the Hazara Torrent Frog (<em>Allopaa hazarensis</em>) and Murree Hills Frog (<em>Nanorana vicina</em>). Additionally, we compared eDNA surveys with visual encounter surveys and estimated site occupancy. eDNA surveys resulted in higher occurrence probabilities for both <em>A. hazarensis</em> and <em>N. vicina</em> than for visual encounter surveys. Detection probability using eDNA was greater for both species, particularly for <em>A. hazarensis</em>. The top-ranked detection model for visual encounter surveys included effects of both year and temperature on both species, and the top-ranked occupancy model included effects of elevation and year. The top-ranked detection model for eDNA data was the null model, and the top-ranked occupancy model included effects of elevation, year, and wetland type. To our knowledge, this is the first time an eDNA survey has been used to monitor amphibian species in the Himalayan region.</p>
Figure 2 in Endemic lineages of spiny frogs demonstrate the biogeographic importance and conservational needs of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region
Figure 2. Minimum-spanning haplotype networks of Allopaa hazarensis generated for 16S and COI sequence data with the number of used sequences, detected haplotypes, and the level of nucleotide variability. Symbol sizes reflect haplotype frequencies, and a small black line between two haplotypes corresponds to one mutation step. Sequence-IDs are indicated for each haplotype (h1–h8). Map shows the localities from where the respective haplotypes originate.
Figure 3 in Endemic lineages of spiny frogs demonstrate the biogeographic importance and conservational needs of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region
Figure 3. Distribution map for Allopaa hazarensis (A) and Chrysopaa sternosignata (B) derived from species distribution model (SDM) using MAXENT, including known records of the species (red = A. hazarensis, green = C. sternosignata). Photo credit: D. Jablonski.
Figure 1 in Endemic lineages of spiny frogs demonstrate the biogeographic importance and conservational needs of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region
Figure 1. Bayesian inference (BI; left) and maximum likelihood tree (ML; right) based on concatenated mtDNA and nDNA sequence data (16S + COI + Rag1) of the tribe Paini. Numbers at branch nodes refer to posterior probabilities ≥ 0.9 (BI tree), as well as Felsenstein's bootstrap values ≥ 70% and transfer bootstrap expectation ≥ 0.9 (ML tree). Branches of Allopaa hazarensis are indicated red, while Chrysopaa sternosignata is highlighted green. Species names are followed by voucher number (if available). Coloured shaded boxes indicate subgroups of Nanorana and the new clade (in yellow) with so far unidentified specimens.
Data from: Genealogy and palaeodrainage basins in Yunnan Province: phylogeography of the Yunnan spiny frog, Nanorana yunnanensis (Dicroglossidae)
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