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19 results for “stable C isotopes”
Stable isotope ratios of C, N and S in Southern Ocean sea stars (1985-2017)
<p>Sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) are a key component of Southern Ocean benthos, with 16% of the known sea star species living there. In temperate marine environments, sea stars commonly play an important role in food webs, acting as keystone species. However, trophic ecology and functional role of Southern Ocean sea stars are still poorly known, notably due to the scarcity of large-scale studies. Here, we report 24332 trophic marker (stable isotopes and elemental contents of C, N and S of tegument and/or tube feet) and biometric (arm length, disk radius, arm to disk ratio) measurements in 2456 specimens of sea stars. Samples were collected between 12/01/1985 and 08/10/2017 in numerous locations along the Antarctic littoral and Subantarctic islands. The spatial scope of the dataset covers a significant portion of the Southern Ocean (Latitude: 47.717° South to 86.273° South ; longitude: 127.767° West to 162.201° East ; depth: 6 to 5338 m). The dataset contains 133 distinct taxa, including 72 currently accepted species spanning 51 genera, 20 families and multiple feeding guilds / functional groups (suspension feeders, sediment feeders, omnivores, predators of mobile or sessile prey). For 505 specimens, mitochondrial CO1 genes were sequenced to confirm and/or refine taxonomic identifications, and those sequences are already publicly available through the Barcode of Life Data System. This number will grow in the future, as molecular analyses are still in progress. Overall, thanks to its large taxonomic, spatial, and temporal extent, as well as its integrative nature (combining genetic, morphological and ecological data), this dataset can be of wide interest to Southern Ocean ecologists, invertebrate zoologists, benthic ecologists, and environmental managers dealing with associated areas.</p>
Nitrogen and carbon concentrations and stable isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) in European moss samples, 2005-2006
This dataset contains nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations and stable isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) measured in moss samples collected across Europe within the framework of the ICP Vegetation programme (International Cooperative Programme on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops, UNECE LRTAP Convention). Moss surveys are conducted every five years and the data presented here correspond specifically to the first sampling campaign, carried out in 2005/2006. During the 2005/2006 European moss survey, approximately 3,000 moss samples were collected at non-urban and semi-natural sites across 16 European countries following a standardized biomonitoring protocol. The dataset used in this study comprises a subset of 1,022 moss samples (approximately 35 % of the total survey), provided by 12 European countries, which were selected for the determination of nitrogen and carbon concentrations and their corresponding stable isotope signatures (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C). Moss samples collected by each participating country were sent to the Integrated Environmental Quality Laboratory (LICA), Institute for Biodiversity and Environment (BIOMA - University of Navarra), where all chemical and isotopic analyses were subsequently performed under uniform analytical conditions. In addition, this dataset incorporates moss data from Sweden, Croatia and Macedonia for the same sampling year, which were not included in the official ICP Vegetation 2005/2006 dataset. The European moss biomonitoring network was established to provide a complementary, high spatial resolution and time-integrated measure of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and other pollutants within terrestrial ecosystems. The approach is based on the ability of ectohydric mosses to accumulate nutrients and trace elements directly from wet and dry atmospheric deposition, enabling dense spatial sampling across large geographical areas. This biomonitoring framework supports the assessment of spatial patterns of atmos
Wood alpha-cellulose stable C and O isotope ratios from New Hampshire and Vermont
To quantify the effects of tree height and canopy position on delta13C and delta18O of wood cellulose, we sampled 399 trees and saplings of eight species at nine forest stands across New Hampshire and Vermont, along with nearby saplings growing in the open. Samples were collected in 2017-18, and we analyzed the combined alpha-cellulose from growth rings formed in 2013-2017 for each tree. Carbon data are published in: Vadeboncoeur, M., K. Jennings, A. Ouimette, and H. Asbjornsen. (2020) Correcting tree-ring d13C time series for tree-size effects in eight temperate tree species. Tree Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz138
Stable isotope and conservative tracer data used to estimate uptake of stream water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through a whole-stream addition of a ¹³C-DOC tracer coupled with laboratory measurements of bioavailability of the tracer and stream water DOC using lability profiling with bioreactors
We performed a whole-stream addition of a ¹³C-DOC tracer and made laboratory measurements of the biological availability of the tracer as well as stream water DOC. The study was performed in October 2002 in a 1.27 km stretch of the third-order White Clay Creek in southeastern Pennsylvania. The tracer was prepared as a cold-water leachate of ¹³C-labeled tulip poplar saplings and it was added to the stream along with sodium bromide, a conservative tracer, over a 2-h period. Stream water samples were collected at 8 downstream stations over an 8-h period, filtered, and analyzed for concentrations of bromide and DOC. DOC was measured by Pt-catalyzed, persulfate oxidation, Br- was analyzed by ion chromatography, and C isotope samples were rotary evaporated, acidified, lyophilized, combusted, and the CO₂ analyzed with an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Lability profiling of the ¹³C-DOC tracer and stream water DOC were performed with a series of plug-flow bioreactors of increasing empty-bed contact times with the concentration of biodegradable DOC operationally defined as the difference between the DOC concentrations in the influent and effluent waters of the bioreactors. The bioreactor measurements were performed 2 days after the whole-stream release. Data were analyzed to estimate the uptake of stream water DOC associated with labile and semi-labile fraction of biodegradable DOC. These data have been previously used in a 2008 publication in Freshwater Biology, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01941.x.
Fig. 3 in Mercury and stable isotopes ( N and C) as tracers during the ontogeny of Trichiurus lepturus
Fig. 3. Relationship between δ15N and δ13C in the muscle of sub-adult and adult specimens of Trichiurus lepturus. Bars represent the standard deviation.
Fig. 1 in Mercury and stable isotopes ( N and C) as tracers during the ontogeny of Trichiurus lepturus
Fig. 1. Northern Rio de Janeiro, in south-eastern Brazil. The sampling area where the Trichiurus lepturus specimens were collected is marked with a dashed polygon.
Fig. 2 in Mercury and stable isotopes ( N and C) as tracers during the ontogeny of Trichiurus lepturus
Fig. 2. Length (cm), weight (g), total mercury concentration (THg) in dry and wet weight basis and isotopic signatures (δ15N and δ13C) of sub-adult and adult specimens of Trichiurus lepturus, considering dry season, rainy season, and all sampling periods. Data is shown as a mean and standard deviation. The scale for length, weight, and THg is different for the two ontogenetic phases.
FIGURE 1 in Stable isotope (ẟ C, ẟ O) paleoecology of the late Early Miocene mammalian fauna from Buluk, Kenya
FIGURE 1. (A) Geographic map of East Africa with the location of Buluk indicated by the red star. The location of sites with comparative data included in these analyses, Moroto, Maboko, and Fort Ternan, are indicated by black circles. (B) Simplified stratigraphic column of the Bakate Formation, adapted from McDougall and Watkins (1985) and Watkins (1989).
Fig. 3 in Scientific note Preliminary examination of food web structure of Nicola Lake (Taim Hydrological System, south Brazil) using dual C and N stable isotope analyses
Fig. 3. Trophic position estimates of fishes collected at Nicola Lake, Taim Hydrological System. # symbols denotes different individuals of the same species.
Fig. 2 in Scientific note Preliminary examination of food web structure of Nicola Lake (Taim Hydrological System, south Brazil) using dual C and N stable isotope analyses
Fig. 2. Plot of δ15N and δ13C values for plants (), mollusks () and fishes () collected at Nicola Lake, Taim Hydrological System. Sources of carbon assimilated by consumers are indicated by the relative positions of taxa on the x-axis; trophic level is indicated by relative position on the y-axis. The dashed line distinguishes between producers and consumers. # symbols denotes different individuals of the same species.
Fig. 1 in Scientific note Preliminary examination of food web structure of Nicola Lake (Taim Hydrological System, south Brazil) using dual C and N stable isotope analyses
Fig. 1. Patos-Mirim Lagoon complex (ca. 14,000 Km2) (A) in southern Brazil showing the Taim Hydrological System (B) with the ecological reserve's limits (320.4 Km2) and Nicola Lake (2.45 Km2) (C).
Data from: New perspectives on soil animal trophic ecology through the lens of C and N stable isotope ratios of oribatid mites
<p>Knowledge of the trophic ecology of soil animals is important for understanding their high alpha diversity as well as their functional role in soil food webs and systems. In the last 20 years, the analysis of natural variations in stable isotope ratios (<sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N, <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C) has revolutionized our view on soil animal trophic ecology. Here, we review the state of the art of the trophic ecology of a highly abundant and diverse soil animal taxon, oribatid mites (Oribatida), investigated by stable isotope analyses. The review is based on 25 papers reporting stable isotope data of 292 oribatid mite taxa from 30 different sites. Four main findings emerged. (1) Oribatid mites cluster into six trophic groups, i.e. moss feeders, lichen feeders, primary decomposers, fungal feeders/secondary decomposers, predators/scavengers and marine algal feeders, plus one additional group, which incorporates CaCO<sub>3</sub> in their cuticle for defence but still belongs to the fungal feeders/secondary decomposers group. (2) Of the 292 species studied 43.7% were classified as fungal feeders/secondary decomposers, 27.0% as primary decomposers and 15.7% as predators/scavengers, only few species include CaCO<sub>3</sub> into their skeleton (6.1%), feed on lichens (4.9%), mosses (2.1%) or marine algae (0.7%). (3) In about one-third of the species studied the trophic niche was constant or varied little between sites or habitats, but in two-thirds of the species, their trophic niche varied between habitats, with some species even shifting trophic levels, indicating trophic plasticity. (4) When aggregated at higher taxonomic level oribatid mite species clustered in only three instead of six trophic groups. This indicates that species within the same high-level taxon often belong to different trophic groups, for example, because feeding habits evolved convergently. Therefore, to accurately reflect the trophic ecology of oribatid mites their stable isotope signatures need to be analysed at the species level. However, stable isotope analyses also have limitations, e.g. feeding on bacteria and fungi cannot be separated, and the same is true for feeding on ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Other methods such as fatty acid, amino acid and molecular gut content analyses as well as microbiome analyses may complement stable isotope studies and resolve oribatid mite trophic niche differentiation at a higher resolution. This will contribute to a better understanding of the local coexistence of large numbers of species in soil. Finally, we provide perspectives on how to integrate microarthropods into soil food webs using stable isotope and other methods allowing deeper insight into their<br>trophic structure.</p>
C and N stable isotope ratios in fishes from marine protected areas and areas open to fishing
<p><span>Here, we assess </span><span>whether fishery exploitation affects the trophic structure of carnivorous fishes</span><span>. We censused fishes and analysed the stable isotope ratios of C and N of species targeted by fishermen in areas open to fishing and marine protected areas in the Mediterranean Sea and the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. Results demonstrated a major impact of fishing on the biomass and the size structure of nektobenthic carnivorous fishes. However, those changes did not modify the diversity of the trophic resources used by the assemblage, </span><span>the pattern of resource partitioning between species or the degree of trophic redundancy</span><span>. These results add to recent evidence suggesting that marine protected areas implemented in fished seascapes may fail to restore the original structure of the food webs that once existed in pre-fished ecosystems, because regional decimation and extinction of highly mobile predators prevents recovering the original diversity of predators at local scales, even at no-take areas. If so, more strict local fishing regulations are unlikely to restore the original diversity of high trophic level carnivores and restoration goals should be reframed </span><span>in terms of an objective that is less unrealistic than restoring the pre-fished condition while still recovering aspects of the historical trophic structure</span><span>.</span></p>
Data from: New perspectives on soil animal trophic ecology through the lens of C and N stable isotope ratios of oribatid mites
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C and N stable isotope ratios in fishes from marine protected areas and areas open to fishing
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Data from: Assessing stable isotope dynamics of diapausing Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus during the overwintering period: a laboratory experiment
This study aimed at describing changes in the stable isotopic composition of late copepodite stage V (CV) subarctic marine copepods (Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus) during overwintering non-feeding periods. Diapausing stage CVs sampled in deep waters of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (Québec, Canada) in late-September 2009 were monitored for 4 months under controlled laboratory conditions. CVs and newly moulted adults were analyzed for δ13C and δ15N signatures as well as lipid, carbon and nitrogen content. Lipids were extracted in half of the samples to compare δ13C of individuals with and without lipids and to evaluate the accuracy of mass balance correction models for δ13C under lipid influence. Lipid content generally decreased with time for both species, which was reflected in an increase of δ13C values of CVs but a constant δ13C in newly moulted adults. Accordingly, lipid extraction resulted in an increase of δ13C in CVs and adults. The mean δ13C signature of lipid-extracted individuals remained constant through the time for CVs of both species and for C. finmarchicus adults. δ15N signatures of individuals increased after lipid extraction, but this did not result in a constant value over time, suggesting that several endogenous metabolic processes affected nitrogen isotopic content. The accuracy of the mass balance model differed between species and stages, suggesting that lipid extraction should always be performed prior to applying mathematical corrections.
Data from: Assessing stable isotope dynamics of diapausing Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus during the overwintering period: a laboratory experiment
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Supplementary material 1 from: Gugele SM, Baer J, Spießl C, Yohannes E, Blumenshine S, Roberts BJ, Mota-Ferreira MR, Brinker A (2023) Stable isotope values and trophic analysis of invasive three-spined stickleback in Upper Lake Constance points to significant piscivory. NeoBiota 87: 73-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.87.100355
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Leather oak (Quercus durata) herbarium leaf N and C stable isotopes and tree ring width index
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