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71 results for “stalk-eyed fly”
Fig. 1 in New species of Rhizomyces (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) parasitic on African stalk-eyed flies (Diptera, Diopsidae)
Fig. 1. Photomicrographs of the new species of Rhizomyces Thaxt.: A. R. forcipatus W.Rossi & Feijen sp. nov. (FI 4100a). B. Thallus of R. forcipatus sp. nov. from the wing of Teloglabrus sp. (FI 4125). C. Immature thallus of R. forcipatus sp. nov. showing the trichogyne and the basal cell holding firmly a piece of the exoskeleton of the host insect (FI 4099). D. R. tschirnhausii W.Rossi & Feijen sp. nov. (FI 4091). E. Upper portion of the perithecium of R. tschirnhausii sp. nov. (FI 4090). F. R. ramosus W.Rossi & Feijen sp. nov. (FI 4201a), amid the four mature perithecia, near the base of the stalk cells, it can be seen a fifth very immature perithecium bearing the trichogyne. G. R. ramosus sp. nov. (FI 4201a), the pyriform haustorium with remains of the host integument and cell I showing two primordia of new branches. Scale bars: 50 µm.
Fig. 3. A–B in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical stalk-eyed fly Plagiocephalus Wiedemann (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Ulidiinae)
Fig. 3. A–B. Plagiocephalus lobularis: A. Male wing; B. Female wing. C–D. Plagiocephalus latifrons: C. Male wing; D. Female wing. E–F. Plagiocephalus intermedius: E. Male wing; F. Female wing. Abbreviations: ab: apical band; db: discal band; sab: subapical band; rmb: radial-medial band.
Fig. 6 in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical stalk-eyed fly Plagiocephalus Wiedemann (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Ulidiinae)
Fig. 6. Distribution map of Plagiocephalus with Costa Rica detached. Circles show distribution records from the literature. Stars show new distribution records. Yellow: P. intermedius; Red: P. latifrons; Light blue: P. lobularis.
Fig. 4. A–D in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical stalk-eyed fly Plagiocephalus Wiedemann (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Ulidiinae)
Fig. 4. A–D. General morphology of the male terminalia of Plagiocephalus: A. Ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view (P. lobularis); B. Male terminalia in lateral view (P. lobularis); C. Epandrium in posterior view (P. latifrons); D. Hypandrium, phallapodeme, phallapodemic arms, basiphallus and distiphallus (P. latifrons). E–F. General morphology of the female terminalia of Plagiocephalus: E. Female terminalia in dorsal view (P. lobularis); F. Spermathecae (P. lobularis). Abbreviations: basiph: basiphallus; cerc: cerci; distph: distiphallus; ej apod: ejaculatory apodeme; epand: epandrium; ev memb: eversible membrane; hypd: hypandrium; lat sur: lateral surstylus; med sur: medial surstylus; ovscp: oviscape; phapod: phallapodeme; phapod arm: phallapodemic arm; prens: prensiseta; sg 8: segment 8; spmth: spermathecae; tae: taeniae.
Fig. 2. A–C in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical stalk-eyed fly Plagiocephalus Wiedemann (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Ulidiinae)
Fig. 2. A–C. Plagiocephalus lobularis, female: A. Head in frontal view; B. Body in dorsal view; C. Body in lateral view. D–F. Plagiocephalus latifrons, female: D. Head in frontal view; E. Body in dorsal view; F. Body in lateral view. G–I. Plagiocephalus intermedius, female: G. Head in frontal view; H. Body in dorsal view; I. Body in lateral view.
Seurat objects for the manuscript Single-cell consequences of X-linked meiotic drive in stalk-eyed flies
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Meiotic drive adaptive testes enlargement during early development in the stalk-eyed fly.
<p><span>The sex ratio 'SR' X-linked meiotic drive system in stalk-eyed flies destroys Y-</span><span>bearing sperm. Unlike other SR systems, drive males do not suffer fertility loss. They have greatly enlarged testes which compensate for gamete killing. We predicted that enlarged testes arise from extended development with resources re-allocated from the accessory glands, as these tend to be smaller in drive males. To test this, we tracked the growth of the testes and accessory glands of wild-type and drive males over 5–6 weeks post-eclosion before males attained sexual maturity. Neither of the original predictions is supported by these data. Instead, we found that the drive male testes were enlarged at eclosion, reflecting a greater allocation of resources to the testes during pupation. Testes grow at a higher rate during early adult development, but there was no evidence that this retards the growth of the accessory glands. Further experiments are proposed to investigate whether smaller accessory glands only arise in drive males post-copulation or when flies are subjected to nutritional stress. Our experimental findings support the idea that enlarged testes in drive males arise as an adaptive allocation of resources to traits that enhance male reproductive success.</span></p>
Data from: Contrasting patterns of X-chromosome divergence underlie multiple sex-ratio polymorphisms in stalk-eyed flies
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Data from: Stalk-eyed flies carrying a driving X chromosome compensate by increasing fight intensity
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Meiotic drive adaptive testes enlargement during early development in the stalk-eyed fly.
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Data from: Meiotic drive does not impede success in sperm competition in the stalk-eyed fly, Teleopsis dalmanni
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Data from: Male eyespan size is associated with meiotic drive in wild stalk-eyed flies (Teleopsis dalmanni)
This study provides the first direct evidence from wild populations of stalk-eyed flies to support the hypothesis that male eyespan is a signal of meiotic drive. Several stalk-eyed fly species are known to exhibit X-linked meiotic drive. A recent QTL analysis in Teleopsis dalmanni, found a potential link between variation in male eyespan, a sexually selected ornamental trait, and the presence of meiotic drive. This was based on laboratory populations subject to artificial selection for male eyespan. In this study we examined the association between microsatellite markers and levels of sex ratio bias (meiotic drive) in 12 wild T. dalmanni populations. We collected two data sets: a) brood sex ratios of wild-caught males mated to standard laboratory females, and b) variation in a range of phenotypic traits associated with reproductive success of wild- caught males and females. In each case, we typed individuals for 8 X-linked microsatellite markers, including several that previously were shown to be associated with male eyespan and meiotic drive. We found that one microsatellite marker was very strongly associated with meiotic drive whilst a second showed a weaker association. We also found that, using both independent datasets, meiotic drive was strongly associated with male eyespan, with smaller eyespan males being associated with more female-biased broods. These results suggest that mate preference for exaggerated male eyespan allows females to avoid mating with males carrying the meiotic drive gene and is thus a potential mechanism for the maintenance and evolution of female mate preference.
Data from: Rapid evolution of asymmetric reproductive incompatibilities in stalk-eyed flies
The steps by which isolated populations acquire reproductive incompatibilities remain poorly understood. One potentially important process is postcopulatory sexual selection because it can generate divergence between populations in traits that influence fertilization success after copulation. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of this form of reproductive isolation by conducting reciprocal crosses between variably diverged populations of stalk-eyed flies (Teleopsis dalmanni). First, we measure seven types of reproductive incompatibility between copulation and fertilization. We then compare fertilization success to hatching success to quantify hybrid inviability. Finally, we determine if sperm competition acts to reinforce or counteract any incompatibilities. We find evidence for multiple incompatibilities in most crosses, including failure to store sperm after mating, failure of sperm to reach the site of fertilization, failure of sperm to fertilize eggs, and failure of embryos to develop. Local sperm have precedence over foreign sperm, but this effect is due mainly to differences in sperm transfer and reduced hatching success. Crosses between recently diverged populations are asymmetrical with regard to the degree and type of incompatibility. Because sexual conflict in these flies is low, postcopulatory sexual selection, rather than antagonistic coevolution, likely causes incompatibilities due to mismatches between male and female reproductive traits.
Fig. 2 a, b in Coevolution of male and female genitalia in stalk-eyed flies (Diptera: Diopsidae)
Fig. 2 a, b Spermathecal ducts with male genital process inserted during mating in Teleopsis spec. A. a Male genital process enters separate spermathecal duct. b Male genital process folded back upon itself next to separate spermathecal duct valve. cod Common oviduct, csd common
Fig. 1 a –c Female internal and male external genitalia. a in Coevolution of male and female genitalia in stalk-eyed flies (Diptera: Diopsidae)
Fig. 1 a –c Female internal and male external genitalia. a Cyrtodiopsis whitei female internal and male external genitalia interacting during copulation, modified from Kotrba (1993), male genitalia shaded in grey. b Teleopsis spec. A female internal genitalia. c Teleopsis spec. A dorsal part of aedeagus. ag Accessory glands, co common oviduct, csd common spermathecal duct, de external opening of ejaculatory duct, gp male genital process, sd separate spermathecal ducts, sp spermathecae, va vagina, vr ventral receptacle. Schematic illustrations: black structures indicate dark brown, strongly sclerotized cuticle. Bar 100 μm
FIGURES.51–52 in A review of stalk-eyed fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae)
FIGURES.51–52. The collecting site environment of Pelmatopina species: 51. Pelmatops ichneumoneus (Westwood); 52. Pe. tangliangi Chen sp. nov.
FIGURES.43–50 in A review of stalk-eyed fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae)
FIGURES.43–50. Pelmatopina species, spermathecae: 43. Pelmatops fukienensis Zia & Chen (after Wang,1996); 44. Pseudopelmatops angustifasciatus Zia & Chen (after Wang,1996); Pelmatopina species, glans: 45. Pe. ichneumoneus (Westwood), 46. Pe. tangliangi Chen sp. nov.; 47. Ps. continentalis Zia & Chen; Pelmatopina species, eversible membrane: 48. Pe. fukienensis Zia & Chen; 49. Pe. ichneumoneus (Westwood); 50. Ps. angustifasciatus Zia & Chen.
FIGURES 34–42 in A review of stalk-eyed fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae)
FIGURES 34–42. Pelmatopina species, aculeus: 34.Pelmatops fukienensis Zia & Chen; 35. Pe. ichneumoneus (Westwood); 36. Pseudopelmatops angustifasciatus Zia & Chen. 37–39. Pelmatopina species, epandrium and surstyli, posterior: 37. Pe. ichneumoneus (Westwood); 38.Pe. tangliangi Chen sp. nov.; 39. Ps. continentalis Zia & Chen. 40–42. Pelmatopina species, epandrium and surstyli, lateral: 40. Pe. ichneumoneus (Westwood); 41.Pe. tangliangi Chen sp. nov.; 42. Ps. continentalis Zia & Chen.
FIGURES 18–25 in A review of stalk-eyed fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae)
FIGURES 18–25. Pelmatopina species, head, lateral view: 18. Pelmatops fukienensis Zia & Chen (female); 19. Pe. ichneumoneus (Westwood) (female); 20. Pe. ichneumoneus (Westwood) (male); 21. Pseudopelmatops yunnanensis Chen sp. nov. (male); 22. Ps. angustifasciatus Zia & Chen (female); 23. Ps. indiaensis Chen sp. nov. (female); 24. Pe. tangliangi Chen sp. nov. (male); 25. Ps. continentalis Zia & Chen (male).
FIGURES 10 –17 in A review of stalk-eyed fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae)
FIGURES 10 –17. Pelmatopina species, head, front: 10.Pelmatops fukienensis Zia & Chen (female); 11. Pe. ichneumoneus (Westwood) (female); 12. Pe. ichneumoneus (Westwood) (male); 13.Pe. tangliangi Chen sp. nov. (male); 14. Pseudopelmatops angustifasciatus Zia & Chen (female); 15. Ps. continentalis Zia & Chen (male); 16. Ps. indiaensis Chen sp. nov. (female); 17. Ps. yunnanensis Chen sp. nov. (male).
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