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453 results for “sting”
Insect Pain Database: Sting Pain review
First hand reports by biologists of relative intensity of pain for bites and stings of various fauna, literature sources.
Data from: Phylogenomic insights into the evolution of stinging wasps and the origins of ants and bees
The stinging wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) are an extremely diverse lineage of hymenopteran insects, encompassing over 70,000 described species and a diversity of life history traits, including ectoparasitism, cleptoparasitism, predation, pollen feeding (bees [Anthophila] and Masarinae) and eusociality (social vespid wasps, ants, and some bees) [1]. The most well-studied lineages of Aculeata are the ants, which are ecologically dominant in most terrestrial ecosystems [2], and the bees, the most important lineage of angiosperm-pollinating insects [3]. Establishing the phylogenetic affinities of ants and bees helps us understand and reconstruct patterns of social evolution as well as fully appreciate the biological implications of the switch from carnivory to pollen feeding (pollenivory). Despite recent advancements in aculeate phylogeny [4–11], considerable uncertainty remains regarding higher level relationships within Aculeata, including the phylogenetic affinities of ants and bees [5–7]. We used ultraconserved element (UCE) phylogenomics [7,12] to resolve relationships among stinging wasp families, gathering sequence data from > 800 UCE loci and 187 samples, including 30 out of 31 aculeate families. We analyzed the 187-taxon data set using multiple analytical approaches, and we evaluated several alternative taxon sets. We also tested alternative hypotheses for the phylogenetic positions of ants and bees. Our results present a highly supported phylogeny of the stinging wasps. Most importantly, we find unequivocal evidence that ants are the sister group to bees+apoid wasps (Apoidea) and that bees are nested within a paraphyletic Crabronidae. We also demonstrate that taxon choice can fundamentally impact tree topology and clade support in phylogenomic inference.
Supplementary Material: Evaluation of Cyanea capillata Sting Management Protocols Using Ex Vivo and In Vitro Envenomation Models
<p>Supplementary files for Doyle, T.K.; Headlam, J.L.; Wilcox, C.L.; MacLoughlin, E.; Yanagihara, A.A. Evaluation of <em>Cyanea capillata</em>Sting Management Protocols Using Ex Vivo and In Vitro Envenomation Models. <em>Toxins</em> <strong>2017</strong>, <em>9</em>, 215. Video S1: Vinegar Application to Gelatin-Adherent Cnidae</p>
Dataset - The cGAS-STING pathway drives type I IFN immunopathology in COVID-19
<p>Dataset corresponding to the LoC studies in the manuscript titled The cGAS-STING pathway drives type I IFN immunopathology in COVID-19. The following data are included:</p> <p>BioEM.zip: Volumetric electron microscopy - representative movies of volumetric scans of fields of view of the vascular face of uninfected control and SARS-CoV-2 infected LoCs. Blender file containing reconstruction of mitochondria.</p> <p>Cleaved-caspase3.zip: Imaris files for analysis of 3D stacks from two- and three-component LoCs immunostained for cleaved-caspase 3.</p> <p>IFN beta.zip: Imaris files for analysis of 3D stacks from two- and three-component LoCs immunostained for IFN beta.</p> <p>PhosphoSTING.zip: Imaris files for analysis of 3D stacks from two component LoCs immunostained for phosphoSTING.</p> <p>Proteomics_R_code.Rmd: Annotated custom scripts in R for the analysis of the proteomics data.</p>
Figure 3 in The sting of Mesobuthus gibbosus (Scorpiones: Buthidae): morphological and ultrastructural characterization
Figure 3: TEM micrographs of transverse sections of sting. A. Epicuticle and exocuticle of the three-layer sting cuticle; a chitin channel in the exocuticle, x1,900. B. Lamellar endocuticle layer and the underlying single row of cuboidal support cells (csc), x3,600. C. Intima, cylindrical support cells, endocuticle, and cuboidal support cells, x1,400. D. Intima and cylindrical support cells covering the intima, x2,900. E. Connective tissue cells filling the gaps within the sting, x2,900.
Figure 1 in The sting of Mesobuthus gibbosus (Scorpiones: Buthidae): morphological and ultrastructural characterization
Figure 1: A. Lateral view of M. gibbosus sting. The venom pore located at the tip of the sting, and several setae situated more basally are visible, x30. B. A cuticular seta, seta base, and a cuticular pit on the sting at higher magnification, x2,200
Figure 10 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 10. Basal portions of second valvifers (A–D), sting shafts (E–T) and processus articularis (U–Z), anterior to the left unless otherwise stated. (A–D) Incisura postarticularis and adjacent structures of (A) Euryglossa, (B) Diphaglossa, (C) Systropha, and (D) Nomada. (E–H) Pars articularis of (E) Caupolicana, (F) Crawfordapis, (G) Andrena, (H) Megachile. (I–L) Anterior views of sting shaft bases, dorsal to the top, of (I) Colletes, (J) Andrena (with furcula), (K) Melitta (with furcula), and (L) Exomalopsis. (M–T) Lateral view of sting shaft base of (M) Tachytes, (N) Hylaeus, (O) Eulonchopria, (P) Diphaglossa, (Q) Oxaea, showing entire sclerotized portion of sting shaft, base of membranous region dotted, (R) Dieunomia, (S) Megachile, and (T) Xylocopa. (U–Z) Ventral view of processus articularis of (U) Tachytes, (V) Diphaglossa, (W) Macropis, (X) Oxaea, (Y) Eucera, and (Z) Xylocopa.
Figure 1 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 1. Lateral view of the sting apparatus of a generalized bee, Andrena pubescens as found at rest, with each individual structure shown separately in the position interpreted to represent its morphologically correct orientation where this is possible. Anterior to the left. For the hemiterga, the lateral margins are towards the bottom of the figure, medial margins towards the top. This figure is generally representative of the structures found in all bees with the exception of the unusually short dorsal arm to the furcula in this genus.
Figure 6 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 6. Variation in 8th hemitergites of bees, morphologically dorsal views anterior to the left. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Crawfordapis, 8th hemitergite and first valvifer. (B). Caupolicana. (C) Protandrena. (D) Protoxaea. (E) Corynura. (F) Melitta. (G) Dasypoda. (H) Epeolus. (I) Leiopodus.
Figure 7 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 7. Variation in the first valvifers of bees and wasps, lateral views anterior to the left. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (A) Anoplius, first valvifer with first ramus attached. (B) Pemphredon. (C) Systropha. (D) Dieunomia. (E) Fidelia, valvifer with first ramus attached. (F) Lithurgus. (G) Trachusa. (H) Nomada. (I) Leiopodus, valvifer with first ramus attached.
Figure 3 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 3. Variation in structure of 7th hemitergites of crabronid wasps and bees of the family Colletidae, views of morphologically dorsal surface with anterior to the left. In this figure and Figs 4 and 5, the tubular structure arising from the spiracular opening is the trachea of the 7th gastral segment. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Tachytes. (B) Pemphredon, hemitergites of both sides showing incomplete sclerotized bridge between them. (C) Euryglossa. (D) Hylaeus. (E) Chilicola. (F) Crawfordapis.
Figure 11 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 11. Variation in structure of the furcula and sting shaft in the Apoidea, viewed from the anterior unless otherwise stated. (A) Tachytes, showing articulation of furcula with the processi mediani on each side of the sting shaft base, ventral view with furcula rotated anteriorly. (B) Colletes, showing dorsal and lateral views of sting shaft with inset enlarged view of sting shaft base, anterior to left. (C) Hesperapis, lateral view of sting shaft and furcula, anterior to left. (D) Hylaeus, anterior and lateral views of furcula. (E) Colletes, furcula. (F) Macropis, furcula and base of sting shaft and other sting sclerites, dorsal towards top of figure. (G) Lithurgus, furcula and sting shaft base with furcula rotated somewhat anteriorly. (H) Megachile, furcula. (I) Epeolus, furcula, sting shaft base and portions of sting sclerites, dorsal towards top of figure.
Figure 4 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 4. Hemitergites of various short-tongued bees other than Colletidae, views of morphologically dorsal surface anterior to the left. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Protandrena. (B) Macrotera. (C) Protoxaea. (D) Dieunomia. (E) Dasypoda. (F) Meganomia.
Figure 2 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 2. Variation in overall appearance of the sting apparatus in bees and apoid wasps. Anterior to the left, scale bar = 1 mm. (A) Tachytes, dorsal view, (B) Orphana, ventral view of partially flattened apparatus with second rami pushed out of position towards the anterior. (C) Stenotritus, ventral view of partially flattened apparatus. (D) Ctenocolletes, ventral view. (E) Trachusa, ventral view of slightly flattened apparatus. (F) Osiris, lateral view with inset showing dorsal view of all but the sting shaft; 7th hemiterga omitted in both parts of this figure; the sting has been pulled down from the rest of the apparatus, and so for the sting shaft the anterior end is towards the top of the figure.
Figure 9 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 9. Variation in the first and second valvifers or gonostyli of various bees and apoid wasps, lateral views anterior to the left unless otherwise stated. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Systropha, second valvifer. (B) Corynura, first and second valvifers. (C) Dasypoda, first and part of second valvifers. (D) Eucera, second valvifer and sting shaft. (E) Tachytes, gonostylus in ventral view. (F) Colletes, gonostylus. (G) Dieunomia, second valvifer, ventro-lateral view. (H) Dasypoda, gonostylus. (I) Dieunomia, gonostylus ventral view. (J) Lithurgus, anteior ridge region of second valvifer in dorsal view. (K) Dieunomia, gonostylus in lateral view. (L) Coelioxoides, second valvifer and apex of rami and furcula.
Figure 8 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 8. Variation in second valvifers of bees and apoid wasps, lateral view, anterior to the left unless otherwise stated. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Whole sting apparatus of Mellinus. Apico-dorsal view of sting apparatus to show sclerotized bridges uniting the two 7th hemiterga, the two 8th hemiterga and the second valvifers, ventral surface at bottom of figure. (B) Euryglossa, second valvifer. (C) Hylaeus, first and second valvifers. (D) Crawfordapis, first and second valvifers. (E) Protandrena, first and second valvifers with first ramus and base of lancet. (F) Macrotera, ventral view of sting shaft, and parts of first and second valvifers. (G) Protoxaea, first and second valvifers with gonostylus omitted.
Figure 5 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 5. Variation in hemitergites of various long-tongued bees, views of morphologically dorsal surface anterior to the left unless stated otherwise. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Fidelia. (B) Megachile, dorsal view on left, posterior view on right to show blister-like protrusion in profile. (C) Epeolus. (D) Xylocopa. (E) Eucera. (F) Leiopodus.
Data for "Symbiotic nutrient exchange enhances the long-term survival of cassiosomes, the autonomous stinging-cell structures of Cassiopea"
<p>Raw data linked to the publication "Symbiotic nutrient exchange enhances the long-term survival of cassiosomes, the autonomous stinging-cell structures of <em>Cassiopea".</em> NanoSIMS data and data from the survival experiments are available as individual tabs in the excel file.</p>
Data from: Phylogenomic insights into the evolution of stinging wasps and the origins of ants and bees
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Raw data for Hancock-Cerutti et. al. "ER-lysosome lipid transfer protein VPS13C/PARK23 prevents aberrant mtDNA-dependent STING signaling"
<p>Blot images and tabular data for Hancock-Cerutti et. al. "ER-lysosome lipid transfer protein VPS13C/PARK23 prevents aberrant mtDNA-dependent STING signaling"</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.