Find research datasets worth reusing

Figure 10 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 10. Basal portions of second valvifers (A–D), sting shafts (E–T) and processus articularis (U–Z), anterior to the left unless otherwise stated. (A–D) Incisura postarticularis and adjacent structures of (A) Euryglossa, (B) Diphaglossa, (C) Systropha, and (D) Nomada. (E–H) Pars articularis of (E) Caupolicana, (F) Crawfordapis, (G) Andrena, (H) Megachile. (I–L) Anterior views of sting shaft bases, dorsal to the top, of (I) Colletes, (J) Andrena (with furcula), (K) Melitta (with furcula), and (L) Exomalopsis. (M–T) Lateral view of sting shaft base of (M) Tachytes, (N) Hylaeus, (O) Eulonchopria, (P) Diphaglossa, (Q) Oxaea, showing entire sclerotized portion of sting shaft, base of membranous region dotted, (R) Dieunomia, (S) Megachile, and (T) Xylocopa. (U–Z) Ventral view of processus articularis of (U) Tachytes, (V) Diphaglossa, (W) Macropis, (X) Oxaea, (Y) Eucera, and (Z) Xylocopa.

Figure 1 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 1. Lateral view of the sting apparatus of a generalized bee, Andrena pubescens as found at rest, with each individual structure shown separately in the position interpreted to represent its morphologically correct orientation where this is possible. Anterior to the left. For the hemiterga, the lateral margins are towards the bottom of the figure, medial margins towards the top. This figure is generally representative of the structures found in all bees with the exception of the unusually short dorsal arm to the furcula in this genus.

Figure 6 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 6. Variation in 8th hemitergites of bees, morphologically dorsal views anterior to the left. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Crawfordapis, 8th hemitergite and first valvifer. (B). Caupolicana. (C) Protandrena. (D) Protoxaea. (E) Corynura. (F) Melitta. (G) Dasypoda. (H) Epeolus. (I) Leiopodus.

Figure 7 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 7. Variation in the first valvifers of bees and wasps, lateral views anterior to the left. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (A) Anoplius, first valvifer with first ramus attached. (B) Pemphredon. (C) Systropha. (D) Dieunomia. (E) Fidelia, valvifer with first ramus attached. (F) Lithurgus. (G) Trachusa. (H) Nomada. (I) Leiopodus, valvifer with first ramus attached.

Figure 3 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 3. Variation in structure of 7th hemitergites of crabronid wasps and bees of the family Colletidae, views of morphologically dorsal surface with anterior to the left. In this figure and Figs 4 and 5, the tubular structure arising from the spiracular opening is the trachea of the 7th gastral segment. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Tachytes. (B) Pemphredon, hemitergites of both sides showing incomplete sclerotized bridge between them. (C) Euryglossa. (D) Hylaeus. (E) Chilicola. (F) Crawfordapis.

Figure 11 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 11. Variation in structure of the furcula and sting shaft in the Apoidea, viewed from the anterior unless otherwise stated. (A) Tachytes, showing articulation of furcula with the processi mediani on each side of the sting shaft base, ventral view with furcula rotated anteriorly. (B) Colletes, showing dorsal and lateral views of sting shaft with inset enlarged view of sting shaft base, anterior to left. (C) Hesperapis, lateral view of sting shaft and furcula, anterior to left. (D) Hylaeus, anterior and lateral views of furcula. (E) Colletes, furcula. (F) Macropis, furcula and base of sting shaft and other sting sclerites, dorsal towards top of figure. (G) Lithurgus, furcula and sting shaft base with furcula rotated somewhat anteriorly. (H) Megachile, furcula. (I) Epeolus, furcula, sting shaft base and portions of sting sclerites, dorsal towards top of figure.

Figure 4 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 4. Hemitergites of various short-tongued bees other than Colletidae, views of morphologically dorsal surface anterior to the left. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Protandrena. (B) Macrotera. (C) Protoxaea. (D) Dieunomia. (E) Dasypoda. (F) Meganomia.

Figure 2 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 2. Variation in overall appearance of the sting apparatus in bees and apoid wasps. Anterior to the left, scale bar = 1 mm. (A) Tachytes, dorsal view, (B) Orphana, ventral view of partially flattened apparatus with second rami pushed out of position towards the anterior. (C) Stenotritus, ventral view of partially flattened apparatus. (D) Ctenocolletes, ventral view. (E) Trachusa, ventral view of slightly flattened apparatus. (F) Osiris, lateral view with inset showing dorsal view of all but the sting shaft; 7th hemiterga omitted in both parts of this figure; the sting has been pulled down from the rest of the apparatus, and so for the sting shaft the anterior end is towards the top of the figure.

Figure 9 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 9. Variation in the first and second valvifers or gonostyli of various bees and apoid wasps, lateral views anterior to the left unless otherwise stated. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Systropha, second valvifer. (B) Corynura, first and second valvifers. (C) Dasypoda, first and part of second valvifers. (D) Eucera, second valvifer and sting shaft. (E) Tachytes, gonostylus in ventral view. (F) Colletes, gonostylus. (G) Dieunomia, second valvifer, ventro-lateral view. (H) Dasypoda, gonostylus. (I) Dieunomia, gonostylus ventral view. (J) Lithurgus, anteior ridge region of second valvifer in dorsal view. (K) Dieunomia, gonostylus in lateral view. (L) Coelioxoides, second valvifer and apex of rami and furcula.

Figure 8 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 8. Variation in second valvifers of bees and apoid wasps, lateral view, anterior to the left unless otherwise stated. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Whole sting apparatus of Mellinus. Apico-dorsal view of sting apparatus to show sclerotized bridges uniting the two 7th hemiterga, the two 8th hemiterga and the second valvifers, ventral surface at bottom of figure. (B) Euryglossa, second valvifer. (C) Hylaeus, first and second valvifers. (D) Crawfordapis, first and second valvifers. (E) Protandrena, first and second valvifers with first ramus and base of lancet. (F) Macrotera, ventral view of sting shaft, and parts of first and second valvifers. (G) Protoxaea, first and second valvifers with gonostylus omitted.

Figure 5 in Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Figure 5. Variation in hemitergites of various long-tongued bees, views of morphologically dorsal surface anterior to the left unless stated otherwise. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (A) Fidelia. (B) Megachile, dorsal view on left, posterior view on right to show blister-like protrusion in profile. (C) Epeolus. (D) Xylocopa. (E) Eucera. (F) Leiopodus.

publicOct 2025View details →

dryad36/100

Morphological measurements of the ant stinging apparatus associated with: Evolutionary simplification and functional shifts of the ant stinger

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

Fig. 16 in Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma YAMANE, BUI & EGUCHI, 2008 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus

Fig. 16: Distribution map of Opamyrma hungvuong. Type locality, record by CHEN & al. (2017), and new records by the preset study are indicated by circle, square, and stars, respectively.

Fig. 14 in Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma YAMANE, BUI & EGUCHI, 2008 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus

Fig. 14: Larva of Opamyrma hungvuong, nontype (AKY05vii17-06, China, Guangxi). (A) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of body in lateral view; (B) transmitted light microscopy image of head in dorsal view; (C) SEM image of head in frontal view; (D) SEM image of head in lateral view; (E) SEM image of head in ventral view; (F) SEM image of abdominal terminus in lateral view. Abbreviations: Atn = antenna; Gl = galea; Lbp = labial palp; Lbr = labrum; Mdb = mandible; Mxp = maxillary palp.

Fig. 13 in Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma YAMANE, BUI & EGUCHI, 2008 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus

Fig. 13: Male genitalia of Opamyrma hungvuong, nontype (Dai19iii2019-029, Son La, Vietnam). (A) genital capsule in dorsal view; (B) genital capsule in ventral view; (C) abdominal sternite IX in ventral view; (D) cupula in ventral view; (E) left paramere with basiventral part of right paramere and cupula, in unfolded outer view; (F) left volsella in lateral view; (G) left penisvalva in lateral view. Abbreviations: Bm = basimere; Cu = cupula; Cs = cuspis; Dg = digitus; Lp = lateral apodeme; Pv = penisvalva; Spl = spinescent lobe; Spc = spiculum; Tm = telomere; Va = valvura.

Fig. 11 in Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma YAMANE, BUI & EGUCHI, 2008 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus

Fig. 11: Opamyrma hungvuong male, nontype (Dai19iii2019-029, Son La, Vietnam). (A) head in full-face view; (B) head and mesosoma in lateral view; (C) mouthparts in anteroventral view; (D) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; (E) petiole in lateral view; (F) metasoma in lateral view; (G) petiole in ventral view; (H) metasoma in dorsal view. Abbreviations: Atp = anterior tentorial pit; Lbp = labial palp; Lbr = labrum; Mdl = mandalus; Mxp = maxillary palp; Nt = notauli; Pl = parapsidal line; Pv = penisvalva; Tm = telomere; Tsl = tergosternal line.

Fig. 3 in Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma YAMANE, BUI & EGUCHI, 2008 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus

Fig. 3: Maxillolabial complex of Opamyrma hungvuong worker, nontype (AKY05vii17-06, China, Guangxi). (A) Scanning electron microscope image of maxillolabial complex in ventral view, labrum removed; (B) right maxilla in outer view; (C) labium in lateral view; (D) labium in dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ams = anteromedian sclerite; Gcss = galeal crown's stout seta; Hyp = hypopharynx; Lbp = labial palp; Lcn = lacinia; Mxco = maxillary comb; Mxp = maxillary palp; Mxst = maxillary stipes; Prm = prementum; Sglb = subglossal brush.

Fig. 7 in Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma YAMANE, BUI & EGUCHI, 2008 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus

Fig. 7: Scanning electron microscope images of legs of Opamyrma hungvuong worker, nontype (AKY05vii17-06, China, Guangxi). (A) strigil of right proleg in anterior view; (B) calcar of strigil of right proleg in anterior view; (C) strigil of right proleg in posterior view; (D) distitarsus of right proleg in posterior view; (E) tibial spurs and basitarsus of right mesoleg in anterior view; (F) tibial spurs and basitarsus of right metaleg in posterior view; (G) pretarsal claws of right metaleg in posteroventral view; (H) tibial spurs of left metaleg in anterior view. Abbreviations: Ats = anterior spur; Ca = calcar; Pts = posterior spur; Ptb = protibia; Pbts = probasitarsus; Ptss = protibial stout seta; Mnb = manubrium; Mstb = mesotibia; Msbts = mesobasitarsus; Mttb = metatibia; Mtbts = metabasitarsus.

Fig. 12 in Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma YAMANE, BUI & EGUCHI, 2008 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus

Fig. 12: Male wings of Opamyrma hungvuong, nontype (Dai19iii2019-029, Son La, Vietnam). (A) forewing in dorsal view; (B) hind wing in dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1A = first anal vein; Bc = basal cell; C = costal vein; Cc = costal cell; Cu = cubital vein; Mc1 = marginal cell 1; R = radial vein; Rs = radial sector; Sbc = subbasal cell; Sc = subcostal vein; Sdc1 = subdiscal cell 1; Smc = submarginal cell.

Fig. 2 in Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma YAMANE, BUI & EGUCHI, 2008 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus

Fig. 2: Scanning electron microscope images of cephalic parts of Opamyrma hungvuong worker, nontype (AKY05vii17-06, China, Guangxi). (A) anterior part of head in frontal view; (B) cranium in ventral view; (C) right mandible in dorsal view; (D) right hypostomal process in lateral view; (E) left mandible in ventral view; (F) labrum in outer view. Abbreviations: Ctl = canthellus; Hysp = hypostomal process; Occ = occipital carina; Lbr = labrum; Lps = labral peg-like seta; Mdl = mandalus; Mps = mandibular peg-like seta; Pat = preapical tooth; Ptg = peritorular groove; Ptp = posterior tentorial pit; Sca = supraclypeal area.