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Fig. 6 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA

Fig. 6. Illustrations of species-typical patterns of foraging behavior performed by Hypanus americanus in the FNA in phase 5 entitled as final phase. The sub-phases are named as (a) active take-off; (b) drift take-off; (c) rest; (d) bury. The arrow indicates the direction of the movement. The figures were drawn using original still photographs.

Fig. 3 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA

Fig. 3. Illustrations of species-typical patterns of foraging behavior performed by Hypanus americanus in the FNA in phase 2 entitled as settled upon the bottom. The sub-phases are named as (a) smooth-landing (two leftmost drawings); (b) roughlanding (two rightmost drawings). The arrow indicates the direction and the intensity of the movement. Thicker arrow means a more intense and/or abrupt and/or rapid movement. The figures were drawn using original still photographs.

Fig. 4 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA

Fig. 4. Illustrations of species-typical patterns of foraging behavior performed by Hypanus americanus in the FNA in phase 3 entitled as secondary search (on the bottom). The sub-phases are named as (a) reverse on the bottom; (b) rotation on the bottom; (c) short forward displacement; (d) hit the bottom; (e) digging; (f) jetting water; (g) passive inspection; (h) active inspection. The arrow indicates the direction of the movement. The figures were drawn using original still photographs.

Fig. 1 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA

Fig. 1. Map of the study sites in the Fernando de Noronha Arquipelago (FNA). The darker lines indicate the 20m and 50m isobaths. Inside the thinner line, there is the Marine Protected Area (MPA), while outside it, there is the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) for sustainable use. Both areas comprehend the land and insular shelf up to 50m isobaths. Circles indicate the sampling locations where focal-animal, ad libitum and intensive search methods were used; triangles indicate the sampling locations where only the intensive search method was used (see Material and Methods).

opencc-zeroDec 2004View details →

FIGURE 5 in A new species of whiptail stingray of the genus Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae)

FIGURE 5: Dasyatis colarensis n. sp., UERJ 2006, paratype. Detail of mouth showing the coloration of the lower lip margin.

opencc-by-4.0May 2015View details →

Fig. 1. Heterocotyle chinensis Timofeeva, 1983 in Heterocotyle chinensis (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the Whip Stingray Dasyatis akajei in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 1. Heterocotyle chinensis Timofeeva, 1983. NMST-Pl 6164. A, whole mount (ventral view); B, hamulus; C, hooklet; D, male copulatory organ. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B–D, 10 µm. Abbreviations: alg, anterolateral gland; amg, anteromedian gland; d, duct; dh, dorsal haptoral accessory structure; ej, ejaculatory bulb; ey, eyespots; h, hamulus; ho, hooklet; in, intestine; m, mouth; mag, male accessory gland; mco, male copulatory organ; mg, Mehlis' gland; o, oötype; od, oviduct; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pg, posterior gland; phg, pharyngeal glands; r, sinuous ridge; sr, seminal receptacle; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; tv, transverse vitelline duct; u, uterus; vi, vitellaria; v, vagina; vp, vaginal pore; vd, vas deferens.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Figure 1 in Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments

Figure 1. Different cell types found in peripheral blood of captive adults of Potamotrygon magdalenae.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Figure 2 in Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments

Figure 2. Correlation's matrix test among body condition and physiological parameters in captive adults of Potamotrygon magdalenae. RBC:Erythrocyte count; Hb: Hemoglobin; Ht: Hematocrit; Leu: Leukocte count; Thr: Thrombocyte count; He%: Heterophils proportion; Eos%: Eosinophils proportion; Ly%: Lymphocytes proportion; Mo%: Monocytes proportion; Ure: Urea; Tri: Triglycerides; Pp: Plasma proteins; Sp: Serum proteins; Glu: Glucose; Col: Cholesterol. Ellipses show the type of correlation between each variable, slope shows whether the correlation is positive or negative, color intensity shows the correlation's strength, and amplitude of the ellipse corresponds to the data dispersion. The upper diagonal shows the p values for each correlation.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Figure 1 in Stingray diversification across the end-Cretaceous extinctions

Figure 1. Dated molecular phylogeny of elasmobranchs, with emphasis on stingrays (Myliobatoidei), based on an autocorrelated relaxed clock (TK) analysis of the nuclear and mitochondrial data (excluding third codons). Numbers at nodes are posterior probabilities, node heights are mean estimated ages; the K-Pg extinction (66Ma) is marked with a red line. Stingray clades A-F are discussed in text. Node bars indicate 95% HPDs for stingrays and myliobatids (eagle and manta rays). Images are all public domain and from NOAA except for shark (Tony Ayling), whiptail (Pearson Foresman), stingaree and chimaera (both copyright expired).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Figure 2 in Stingray diversification across the end-Cretaceous extinctions

Figure 2. Molecular phylogeny of elasmobranchs, with emphasis on stingrays (Myliobatiformes), based on undated (clock-free) analysis of the nuclear and mitochondrial data (excluding third codons). Numbers at nodes are posterior probabilities; branch lengths proportional to inferred divergence (see scale). The rooting could be anywhere along the arrowed branch (tree here is arbitrarily rooted at left end of this branch). For full details of specimen numbers, see table S1.

Fig. 7 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups

Fig. 7. (A) The relationship between total gill area (cm2) and Relative Opening of the spiracle. (B) Linear regression of the mass-specific gill area (cm2 g-1) and body surface area (cm2) of different potamotrygonid embryos: upsidedown triangle - Plesiotrygon iwamae; star - Paratrygon aiereba; diamond - Potamotrygon motoro (from Negro River); dot - Potamotrygon motoro (from Solimões River); triangle - Potamotrygon orbignyi; square - cururu ray Potamotrygon sp.

Fig. 6 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups

Fig. 6. The two main axes of a principal component analysis based on total gill area, mass-specific gill area, body mass, total length, Anatomical Diffusion Factor and Relative Opening of Spiracule (ROSp) in the different potamotrygonid embryos: black triangle - Plesiotrygon iwamae; open diamond - Paratrygon aiereba; circle - Potamotrygon motoro (from Negro River); open triangle - Potamotrygon motoro (from Solimões River); black square - Potamotrygon orbignyi; open square - Potamotrygon sp. (cururu ray).

Fig. 5 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups

Fig. 5. Triplot of log (Anatomic Diffusion Factor) versus log(water/blood barrier thickness) versus log(mass-specific gill area) of the potamotrygonid embryos.

Fig. 3 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups

Fig. 3. Mass-specific gill area of the anterior and posterior hemibranchs of the gill arches in different potamotrygonid embryos: (A) Potamotrygon orbignyi; (B) Potamotrygon sp.; (C) Potamotrygon motoro (from Negro River); (D) Potamotrygon motoro (from Solimões River); (E) Plesiotrygon iwamae; (F) Paratrygon aiereba.

Fig. 2 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups

Fig. 2. Total superficial gill area of the anterior and posterior hemibranchs of the gill arches in different potamotrygonid embryos: (A) Potamotrygon orbignyi; (B) Potamotrygon sp.; (C) Potamotrygon motoro (from Negro River); (D) Potamotrygon motoro (from Solimões River); (E) Plesiotrygon iwamae; (F) Paratrygon aiereba.

Fig. 1 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups

Fig. 1. The potamotrygonid embryos: (A) Potamotrygon orbignyi; (B) cururu ray Potamotrygon sp.; (C) Potamotrygon motoro (from Negro River); (D) Potamotrygon motoro (from Solimões River); (E) Plesiotrygon iwamae; (F) Paratrygon aiereba. Scale bars= 1 cm.

Figure 5 in Study of the integument that covering back and stinger of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon rex (Chondricthyes, Potamotrygonidae)

Figure 5. Histochemistry of the Potamotrygon rex stingray: back (A: B: C: D; E) and stinger (F; G; H, I). (A) Micrograph showing mucous cells positive by the PAS histochemical method. (B) Image magnification showing that epithelial cells also presented positive cytoplasm to PAS, as well as the basal membrane (Bm). (C) Alcian Blue positive epithelial cells. (D) Epithelial cells positive to Bromophenol Blue, detail (Pr) Protein reserve strongly positive for Bromophenol Blue. (E) granulosa cells positive to Bromophenol Blue. (F, G, H, I) Stinger regions with all Bromophenol Blue positive cells. Ct- connective tissue; Bm- basal membrane; Mc – mucous cell; Pr- protein reserve (arrows); Mr- mineralized region; Gc – granulosa cell; Cm- chromatophores; DLR - dorsolateral region; VLR- ventrolateral region.

Figure 1 in Study of the integument that covering back and stinger of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon rex (Chondricthyes, Potamotrygonidae)

Figure 1. Collection sites for the tissues of the back and stinger of the Potamotrygon rex stingray, numbered according to their position. (A) Back of the stingray: 1- median tail; 2- base of the tail; 3- cephalic region; 4- left lateral fin; 5- right lateral fin. (B) Stinger: 1- apex; 2-middle and 3- base. (C) Scheme showing transversal section of the stinger regions that were analyzed under light microscopy. DR- Dorsal Region, DLR- Dorsolateral Region, VLR- Ventrolateral Region.

Figure 3 in Study of the integument that covering back and stinger of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon rex (Chondricthyes, Potamotrygonidae)

Figure 3. Photomicrograph of the back and stinger of the Potamotrygon rex's epidermis. (A) General view of the back. (C) Detail of the epithelial tissue of the back showing the layers: Sup- superficial; Int- intermediary; Bas- basal. (E) Detail of the basal layer showing the granulosa cell (arrow). (B. D and F) Different regions of the stinger and the different layers of the epithelium: Sup- superficial, Intintermediate, Bas- basal. (G) Cross section of the stinger showing the superficial (Sup) and intermediate (Int) layers, where it is possible to notice the epithelial cells of the intermediate layer. Et- epithelial tissue, Ct- connective tissue; Dd- dermal denticle; Mc- mucous cell; Gc – granulosa cell; Pr- protein reserve; Cm- chromatophores; DLR - dorsolateral region; VLR- ventrolateral region; Mr- mineralized region. (A-F) H&E stain. (G) PAS stain.

Figure 2 in Study of the integument that covering back and stinger of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon rex (Chondricthyes, Potamotrygonidae)

Figure 2. Adult female specimen of the stingray Potamotrygon rex. (A) Dorsal view of the stingray. (B) Tail of the stingray with two stingers attached to the middle portion of the tail, in the dorsal region, where the outermost stinger (*) is larger than the innermost one.