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42 results for “stream invertebrate”
DRIFteRS: A dataset of drift invertebrate densities in streams and rivers across western North America, 1997–2024
Prey availability is among the most influential and highly variable determinants of fish growth and freshwater habitat carrying capacity, yet it remains understudied compared to physical habitat variables (Rosenfeld et al. 2014; Weber et al. 2017; Ouellet et al. 2025). We often lack a clear understanding of how much food is available to fishes, how it varies spatially and temporally, and how it influences responses to restoration (Wipfli et al. 2010; Ouellet et al. 2025; Rossi et al. 2024). Drift invertebrates—the primary food source for juvenile salmonids and other drift-foraging fishes—play a pivotal role in these dynamics. To better understand the spatial and temporal variability of drift invertebrate abundance and biomass across the freshwater range of drift-feeding salmonids in western North America, we compiled the DRIFteRS dataset (DRift Invertebrates For salmonids in River Systems). The dataset encompasses 6,159 samples of drift invertebrates, and, for a subset of drift samples, associated benthic invertebrate density data, collected from 1,360 reaches on 459 unique rivers and streams spanning 55 river basins considered hydrologically independent (i.e., not nested within the same larger watershed) across British Columbia, Canada, and the U.S. states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Sample sites represent a diverse array of river and stream habitats (e.g., headwater, mainstem, side channel), in watersheds with diverse land uses (e.g., urban, wilderness, agricultural), and disturbance histories (e.g., fire, restoration). Collected between 1997 and 2024, the data span the full calendar year and capture daily and seasonal patterns in drift abundance and biomass densities. When paired with water quality and quantity data as well as remotely sensed environmental landscape data, such as land use / land cover, climate, and disturbance history, channel morphology, and riparian vegetation compo
Riparian controls on light availability, primary producers, invertebrates, fish and salamanders in streams in and near the Andrews Experimental Forest, 2014-2018
The goal of this data collection effort was to determine how the age, stage, and structure of the riparian forest relates to stream primary producers and stream biota. Data were collected on stream habitat, benthic algal, biota (fish, salamanders and macroinvertebrates), and riparian forest cover across a total of 9 streams: 7 streams in the HJ Andrews basin/Lookout Creek stream network; one stream in the westward adjacent Blue River basin, and one stream in the eastward adjacent Deer Creek river basin. In each stream there were 2 study reaches – one bordered by old-growth riparian forest and the other bordered by regenerated second-growth riparian forest on at least one bank (with a stand ages that generally ranged between 30 and 60 years). In each study reach (80 – 150 m), we collected the following data: pool habitat, wetted and bankfull widths, large wood abundance and volume, riparian forest canopy cover, benthic algae accrual on tiles, stream macroinvertebrate abundances (from 6 replicate surber samplers, which were pooled and then sub-sampled, identified and measured), age 1+ cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) abundance and biomass, age 0+ (young-of-year) trout abundance and biomass, coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) abundance and biomass. Fish and salamander abundances were calculated by either mark-recapture or multiple pass depletion methods.
Extra terrestrials: experimental drought creates niche space for rare invertebrates in terrestrialising stream channels
<p>The code and data for the paper entitled "Extra terrestrials: experimental drought creates niche space for rare invertebrates in terrestrialising stream channels" published in <em>Biology Letters</em>.</p>
Fig. 6 in Diversity and microhabitat use of benthic invertebrates in an urban forest stream (Southeastern Brazil)
Fig. 6. NMDS ordination (stress = 0.18) of each microhabitat type (litter, sand, and stone) sampled at the Tijuca River, located at the Tijuca Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fig. 4. Rarefaction curves with extrapolations and 95 in Diversity and microhabitat use of benthic invertebrates in an urban forest stream (Southeastern Brazil)
Fig. 4. Rarefaction curves with extrapolations and 95% of confidence intervals for both the total sampling and each type of microhabitat of benthic invertebrates of Tijuca River, located at the Tijuca Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fig. 5 in Diversity and microhabitat use of benthic invertebrates in an urban forest stream (Southeastern Brazil)
Fig. 5. Boxplot of the ecological descriptors calculated for each microhabitat type (litter, sand, and stone) with the one-way repeated measure ANOVA results and the Tukey pairwise post hoc test (letters). Different letters denote significant difference results (p <0.001).
Figs 1-3 in Diversity and microhabitat use of benthic invertebrates in an urban forest stream (Southeastern Brazil)
Figs 1-3. Sampled stretches of the Tijuca River, Tijuca Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Figs 1, 2, first stretch located at 380 meters of altitude; and Fig. 3, second stretch located at 420 meters of altitude.
Fig. 6 in Do changes in riparian zones affect periphyton growth and invertebrate colonization on rocky substrates in Atlantic Forest streams?
Fig. 6. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) of invertebrates associated with cobbles in Luxemburgo (gray circles), Macuco (black squares) and Pau Amarelo (white diamonds) streams, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Only taxa vectors with correlations>0.3 are included in the plot. T7, T15, T30, T45 and T60: sampling intervals (Bae: Baetidae; Calo, Calopterygidae; Chi, Chironominae; Elm.A, Elmidae adult; Elm.L, Elamidae larva; Emp, Empididae; Ger, Gerridae; Gom, Gomphidae; Hel, Helichopsychidae; Hydra, Hydracarina; Hyd.psy, Hydropsychidae; Hyd.ptil, Hydroptilidae; Lep.cer, Leptoceridae; Lep.hyp, Leptohyphidae; Lep.phl, Leptophlebiidae; Meg, Megapodagrionidae; Nau, Naucoridae; Odo, Odontoceridae; Oli, Oligochaeta; Ort, Orthocladiinae; Per, Perlidae; Philo, Philopotamidae; Poly, Polycentropodidae; Pse, Psephenidae; Psy, Psychodidae; Tany, Tanypodinae; Vel, Veliidae).
Fig. 3 in Do changes in riparian zones affect periphyton growth and invertebrate colonization on rocky substrates in Atlantic Forest streams?
Fig. 3. Values (mean ± SE) of invertebrate density associated with cobbles in Luxemburgo (thin solid line, gray circles), Macuco (thick solid line, black squares) and Pau Amarelo (dashed line, white diamonds) streams, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Fig. 5 in Do changes in riparian zones affect periphyton growth and invertebrate colonization on rocky substrates in Atlantic Forest streams?
Fig. 5. Species accumulation curves (Mao-Tau sampled based rarefaction with 95% confidence intervals) of invertebrates associated with cobbles in Luxemburgo (thin solid line, gray circles), Macuco (thick solid line, black squares) and Pau Amarelo (dashed line, white diamonds) streams, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Fig. 1 in Do changes in riparian zones affect periphyton growth and invertebrate colonization on rocky substrates in Atlantic Forest streams?
Fig. 1. Daily mean values of water temperature (lines) and luminosity (columns) in Luxemburgo (gray), Macuco (black) and Pau Amarelo (white) streams, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil during the experiment.
Fig. 2 in Do changes in riparian zones affect periphyton growth and invertebrate colonization on rocky substrates in Atlantic Forest streams?
Fig. 2. Contents of chlorophyll-a (mean ± SE) on the cobbles incubated in Luxemburgo (thin solid line, gray circles), Macuco (thick solid line, black squares) and Pau Amarelo (dashed line, white diamonds) streams, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Resource quantity and quality differentially control stream invertebrate biodiversity across spatial scales
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Resource quantity controls biodiversity across spatial scales, however the importance of resource quality to cross-scale patterns in species richness has seldom been explored. We evaluated the relationship between stream basal resource quantity (periphyton chlorophyll-<em>a</em>) and invertebrate richness and compared this to the relationship of resource quality (periphyton stoichiometry) and richness at local and regional scales across 27 North American streams. At the local scale, invertebrate richness peaked at intermediate levels of chlorophyll-<em>a</em>, but had a shallow negative relationship with periphyton C:P and N:P. However, at the regional scale richness had a strong negative relationship with both chlorophyll-<em>a</em> and periphyton C:P and N:P. The divergent effects of periphyton chl-<em>a</em> and stoichiometry on invertebrate richness suggest that basal resource quantity limits diversity more than resource quality, consistent with patterns of eutrophication. Collectively, we demonstrate that resource quantity and quality play important, yet differing roles in shaping freshwater biodiversity across spatial scale.</span></p>
Data for: Ecological pathways connecting drought to stream invertebrate community shifts across space and time
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Resource quantity and quality differentially control stream invertebrate biodiversity across spatial scales
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Trout and invertebrate assemblages in stream pools through wildfire and drought
<p>Climate change is increasing the frequency, severity, and extent of wildfires and drought in many parts of the world, with numerous repercussions for the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of streams. Yet information on how these perturbations affect top predators and their impacts on lower trophic levels in streams is limited.</p> <p>The top aquatic predator in southern California streams is native <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, the endangered southern California steelhead trout (trout). To examine relationships among the distribution of trout, environmental factors, and stream invertebrate resources and assemblages, we sampled pools in 25 stream reaches that differed in the presence (9 reaches) or absence (16 reaches) of trout over 12 years, including 8 reaches where trout were extirpated during the study period by drought or post-fire flood disturbances.</p> <p>Trout were present in deep pools with high water and habitat quality. Invertebrate communities in trout pools were dominated by a variety of medium-sized collector-gatherer and shredder invertebrate taxa with non-seasonal life cycles, whereas tadpoles and large, predatory invertebrates (Odonata, Coleoptera, Hemiptera (OCH)), often with atmospheric breather traits, were more abundant in troutless than trout pools.</p> <p>Structural equation modeling (SEM) of the algal-based food web indicated a trophic cascade from trout to predatory invertebrates to collector-gatherer taxa and weaker direct negative trout effects on grazers; however, both grazers and collector-gatherers also were positively related to macroalgal biomass. SEM also suggested that bottom-up interactions and abiotic factors drove the detritus-based food web, with shredder abundance being positively related to leaf litter (CPOM) levels, which, in turn, were positively related to canopy cover and negatively related to flow. When compared to the literature, these results emphasize the context dependency of trout effects on prey communities and the relative importance of top-down versus bottom-up interactions on food webs, contingent on environmental conditions (flow, light, nutrients, disturbances) and the abundances and traits of component taxa.</p> <p>Invertebrate assemblage structure changed from a trout to a troutless configuration within a year or two after trout were lost owing to post-fire scouring flows or drought. Increases in OCH abundance after trout were lost were much more variable after drought than after fire. The reappearance of trout in one stream where they were lost resulted in quick, severe reductions in OCH abundance.</p> <p>These results indicate that climate-change induced disturbances can result in the extirpation of a top predator, with cascading repercussions for stream communities and food webs. This study also emphasizes the importance of preserving or restoring refuge habitats, such as deep, shaded, perennial, cool stream pools with high habitat and water quality, to prevent the extirpation of sensitive species and preserve native biodiversity during a time of climate change. </p>
Data from: Long-term climate and hydrologic regimes shape stream invertebrate community responses to a hurricane disturbance
<p>Disturbances can produce a spectrum of short- and long-term ecological consequences that depend on complex interactions of the characteristics of the event, antecedent environmental conditions, and the intrinsic properties of resistance and resilience of the affected biological system. We used Hurricane Harvey's impact on coastal rivers of Texas to examine the roles of storm-related changes in hydrology and long-term precipitation regime on the response of stream invertebrate communities to hurricane disturbance. We detected declines in richness, diversity, and total abundance following the storm, but responses were strongly tied to direct and indirect effects of long-term aridity and short-term changes in stream hydrology. The amount of rainfall a site received drove both flood duration and flood magnitude across sites, but lower annual rainfall amounts (i.e., aridity) increased flood magnitude and decreased flood duration. Across all sites, flood duration was positively related to the time it took for invertebrate communities to return to a long-term baseline and flood magnitude drove larger invertebrate community responses (i.e., changes in diversity and total abundance). However, invertebrate response per unit flood magnitude was lower in sub-humid sites, potentially because of differences in refuge availability or ecological-evolutionary interactions. Interestingly, sub-humid streams had temporary large peaks in invertebrate total abundance and diversity following recovery period that may be indicative of the larger organic matter pulses expected in these systems because of their comparatively well-developed riparian vegetation. Our findings show that hydrology and long-term precipitation regime predictably affected invertebrate community responses and, thus, our work underscores the important influence of local climate to ecosystem sensitivity to disturbances.</p>
Freshwater invertebrates - diversity and function of stream macroinvertebrates: Effects of habitat conversion and strategies for conservation
<b>Description: </b><p>Freshwater invertebrate communities from stream sites along a habitat disturbance gradient (including old growth forest, logged forest, oil palm with riparian buffers, and oil palm with no buffers) within the SAFE Project experimental area, SAFE surrounding area, Maliau Basin, and Danum Valley.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/121"><b>Diversity and function of stream macroinvertebrates: Effects of habitat conversion and strategies for conservation</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>Sime Darby Foundation (Research, SAFE Project)</li><li>NERC (Studentship, 1122589.0)</li><li>Proforest (Research)</li><li>Varley Gradwell Travelling Fellowship (Research)</li><li>Tim Whitmore Fund (Research)</li><li>Panton Trust (Research)</li><li>Cambridge University Commonwealth Fund (Research)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2(37))</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2(68))</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS:1000-2/2(230))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=6368114">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: 2_Luke_Inverts_V4_mfh.xlsx</p><p><b>2_Luke_Inverts_V4_mfh.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 7 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Water striders (Gerromorpha)</b> (described in worksheet Gerro)</p><p>Description: Manually captured waterstriders. Rows represent potential functional group/body size x sample site/date combinations, but not each combination had individuals collected.</p><p>Number of fields: 66</p><p>Number of data rows: 33905</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Transect sampled (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream IDs of where the bugs were collected (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: The 10-m section of the stream transect where bugs were collected (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>CollectionDate</b>: Dates of when the bugs were collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Time</b>: The times of when the bugs were collected (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>PotCode</b>: Pot ID. For example, 1 of 1 means there is only 1 pot for a particular Distance, 1 of 2 means it is the first pot out of 2 for a particular Distance, and so on (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>ID</b>: The ID number for the pots, each Distance can consists of 1 to 3 pots of samples and each pot has its own ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>HabitatType</b>: Habitat type (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>HabitatTypeReplicate</b>: Replicate IDs for the habitat types. For example, the ID for stream 0m at 40-50m as the first replicate for LF/ Logged Forest is LF1.1, while for stream 0m at 20-30m is LF1.2, and so on (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>SortDate</b>: Dates of when sortings were done (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>Family</b>: Family of the bugs collected (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Group</b>: Groups of the bugs based on body forms: 1) CGP (Cylindrostethinae, Gerrinae, and Ptilomerinae), 2) Halobatinae, and 3) Veliidae (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>LifeStage</b>: Life stage of the bugs collected: either Juvenile (J) or Adult (A) (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Length</b>: The body length of the bugs collected (rounded) (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>LengthRange</b>: The body length range of the bugs collected (Field type: id)</li><li><b>PredictedBiomass</b>: The predicted biomass of the bugs collected, calculated using power regression equations. Zeros indicate groups for which no individuals were present. a. Group CGP = Abundance in any of the cell from column W until BO * (0.04 * (the cell of the Column O (needs to be at the same row as the Abundance cell chosen from any of the column W until BO)/ representing the body length ^ 2.271)), b. Group Halobatinae = the same as above but with 0.072 and 2.218 as the coefficient a and b respectively, c. Group Veliidae = the same as above but with 0.041 and 2.32 as the coefficient a and b respectively. (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AdultWing</b>: Adult bug's ID based on the presence of wings (if the individual insect is a juvenile, the cell says 'None', instead of 'Winged' or 'Wingless') (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>AdultWingAbund</b>: Adult bug's abundance based on the presence of wings (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PtilomeraMF</b>: Ptilomera sp. IDs based on sex: either male or female (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Note</b>: Notes about people who have sorted the bugs before Martina Harianja (if no one hasn't worked on a particular sample, it's written as 'None') (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>PtilomeraMFAbund</b>: Abundance of either male or female adult Ptilomera sp. (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>4spot</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>C.scrutator</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Cylindrosthetus.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Limnometra.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Metrocoris.sp.1</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Metrocoris.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies15</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies20</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies24</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies25</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies27</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies28</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies29</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies30</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies31</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies33</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies34</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies35</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies36</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies37</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies38</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies4</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies40</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies41</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies42</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies43</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies44</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies45</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies46</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies47</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies6</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies7</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Morphospecies7.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Potamometropsis.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ptilomera.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rhagovelia.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rhagovelia.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rhagovelia.sp.3</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rheumatogonus.sp.1</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rheumatogonus.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Strongylovelia.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Tenagogonus.sp.1</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Tenagogonus.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ventidius.sp.</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ventidius.sp.2</b>: Abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>10m Chironomids</b> (described in worksheet Chiron_10m)</p><p>Description: Sampled from the streambed using a Surber sampler in 2012/2013. Suber sample had quadrat area of 0.33m2 and 250 μm mesh net. Sampling done at regularly spaced points along the 200m long dragonfly transects.</p><p>Number of fields: 51</p><p>Number of data rows: 151</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>StreamDistance</b>: Stream and distance ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>PointLocation</b>: Point location on stream transect (Field type: location)</li><li><b>SampleDate</b>: Date sample was collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>SampleTime</b>: Time sample was collected (Field type: time)</li><li><b>Cladotanytarsus6teeth</b>: Cladotanytarsus6teeth abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Cladotanytarsus5teeth</b>: Cladotanytarsus5teeth abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Orthocladius</b>: Orthocladius abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>CricotopusWorn</b>: CricotopusWorn abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>CricotopusCylindraceus</b>: CricotopusCylindraceus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>CricotopusOliveri</b>: CricotopusOliveri abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Thienemanniella</b>: Thienemanniella abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Thienemanniella2</b>: Thienemanniella2 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>KelianA</b>: KelianA abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>KelianB</b>: KelianB abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>KelianC</b>: KelianC abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TanytarsusMendax</b>: TanytarsusMendax abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TanytarsusNemorosus</b>: TanytarsusNemorosus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PolypedilumType2</b>: PolypedilumType2 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PolypedilumConvictum</b>: PolypedilumConvictum abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PolypedilumSp3</b>: PolypedilumSp3 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Chironomini1stInstar</b>: Chironomini1stInstar abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChironominiGenusB</b>: ChironominiGenusB abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChironominiPhoto1</b>: ChironominiPhoto1 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChironominiPhoto2</b>: ChironominiPhoto2 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChironominiPhoto3</b>: ChironominiPhoto3 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChironominiPhoto5</b>: ChironominiPhoto5 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>CorynoneuraLobata</b>: CorynoneuraLobata abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Thienemannimyia</b>: Thienemannimyia abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Parametriocnemus</b>: Parametriocnemus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ceratopogonidae</b>: Ceratopogonidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Cardiocladius</b>: Cardiocladius abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ablabesmyia</b>: Ablabesmyia abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Stenochironomus</b>: Stenochironomus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Cryptochironomus</b>: Cryptochironomus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Nanocladius</b>: Nanocladius abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Stictochironomus</b>: Stictochironomus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Nilotanypus</b>: Nilotanypus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Rheotanytarsus</b>: Rheotanytarsus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>RheocricotopusChalybeatus</b>: RheocricotopusChalybeatus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Dicrotendipes</b>: Dicrotendipes abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Paratendipes</b>: Paratendipes abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Pseudorthocladius</b>: Pseudorthocladius abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Kiefferulus</b>: Kiefferulus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Paracladopelma</b>: Paracladopelma abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Microtendipes</b>: Microtendipes abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Eukiefferiella</b>: Eukiefferiella abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Diamesinae</b>: Diamesinae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TanytarsiniSurfaceTooth</b>: TanytarsiniSurfaceTooth abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>10m Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Tricoptera (EPT)</b> (described in worksheet EPTabun_10m)</p><p>Description: Sampled from the streambed using a Surber sampler in 2012/2013. Suber sample had quadrat area of 0.33m2 and 250 μm mesh net. Sampling done at regularly spaced points along the 200m long dragonfly transects.</p><p>Number of fields: 34</p><p>Number of data rows: 78</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>StreamDistance</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Stream and distance ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>PointLocation</b>: Point location on stream transect (Field type: location)</li><li><b>SampleDate</b>: Date sample was collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>SampleTime</b>: Time sample was collected (Field type: time)</li><li><b>Baetidae</b>: Baetidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Leptophlebiidae</b>: Leptophlebiidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Heptageniidae</b>: Heptageniidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Caenidae</b>: Caenidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Tricorythidae</b>: Tricorythidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Euthyplociidae</b>: Euthyplociidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Potamanthidae</b>: Potamanthidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Oligoneuriidae</b>: Oligoneuriidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ephemeridae</b>: Ephemeridae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>EphemUnknown</b>: EphemUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Perlidae</b>: Perlidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Nemouridae</b>: Nemouridae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Leuctridae</b>: Leuctridae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Peltoperlidae</b>: Peltoperlidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PlecopUnkown</b>: PlecopUnkown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Dipsuedopsidae</b>: Dipsuedopsidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Hydropsychidae</b>: Hydropsychidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Leptoceridae</b>: Leptoceridae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Xiphocentronidae</b>: Xiphocentronidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Polycentropodidae</b>: Polycentropodidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Psychomyiidae</b>: Psychomyiidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ecnomidae</b>: Ecnomidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Philopotamidae</b>: Philopotamidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Hydroptilidae</b>: Hydroptilidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Lepidostomatidae</b>: Lepidostomatidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Calamoceratidae</b>: Calamoceratidae abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TrichopUnknown</b>: TrichopUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>10m Odonata nymphs</b> (described in worksheet OdonataNymph)</p><p>Description: Sampled from the streambed using a Surber sampler in 2012/2013. Suber sample had quadrat area of 0.33m2 and 250 μm mesh net. Sampling done at regularly spaced points along the 200m long dragonfly transects.</p><p>Number of fields: 29</p><p>Number of data rows: 151</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>StreamDistance</b>: Stream and distance ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>SiteCode</b>: Point location on stream transect (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date sample was collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Time</b>: Time sample was collected (Field type: time)</li><li><b>ChlorogomphidaeChlorogomphus</b>: ChlorogomphidaeChlorogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeLeptogomphus</b>: GomphidaeLeptogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeMegalogomphus</b>: GomphidaeMegalogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeBurmagomphus</b>: GomphidaeBurmagomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeOnychogomphus</b>: GomphidaeOnychogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeGomphidia</b>: GomphidaeGomphidia abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeSinogomphus</b>: GomphidaeSinogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeHeliogomphus</b>: GomphidaeHeliogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeIctinogomphus</b>: GomphidaeIctinogomphus abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>GomphidaeUnknown</b>: GomphidaeUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>MacromiidaeUnknown1</b>: MacromiidaeUnknown1 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>MacromiidaeMacromia</b>: MacromiidaeMacromia abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>MacromiidaeUnknown2</b>: MacromiidaeUnknown2 abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>LibellulidaeUnknown</b>: LibellulidaeUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>LibellulidaeTrithemis</b>: LibellulidaeTrithemis abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>EuphaeidaeEuphaea</b>: EuphaeidaeEuphaea abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>CalopterygidaeVestalis</b>: CalopterygidaeVestalis abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PhilosinidaeRhinagrion</b>: PhilosinidaeRhinagrion abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PlatystictidaeUnknown</b>: PlatystictidaeUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>LestidaeUnknown</b>: LestidaeUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ChlorocyphidaeUnknown</b>: ChlorocyphidaeUnknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Unknown</b>: Unknown abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>10m benthic insects, order-level</b> (described in worksheet Order_10m)</p><p>Description: Sampled from the streambed using a Surber sampler in 2012/2013. Suber sample had quadrat area of 0.33m2 and 250 μm mesh net. Sampling done at regularly spaced points along the 200m long dragonfly transects.</p><p>Number of fields: 34</p><p>Number of data rows: 151</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>StreamDistance</b>: Stream and distance ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>PointLocations</b>: Point location on stream transect (Field type: location)</li><li><b>SampleDate</b>: Date sample was collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>SampleTime</b>: Time sample was collected (Field type: time)</li><li><b>EphemeropteraWhole</b>: EphemeropteraWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>EphemeropteraPart</b>: EphemeropteraPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Ephemeroptera</b>: Ephemeroptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PlecopteraWhole</b>: PlecopteraWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>PlecopteraPart</b>: PlecopteraPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Plecoptera</b>: Plecoptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TrichopteraWhole</b>: TrichopteraWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>TrichopteraPart</b>: TrichopteraPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Trichoptera</b>: Trichoptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ColeopteraLarvaeWhole</b>: ColeopteraLarvaeWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ColeopteraLarvaePart</b>: ColeopteraLarvaePart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ColeopteraAdultWhole</b>: ColeopteraAdultWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>ColeopteraAdultPart</b>: ColeopteraAdultPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Coleoptera</b>: Coleoptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>DipteraWhole</b>: DipteraWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>DipteraPart</b>: DipteraPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Diptera</b>: Diptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>OdonataWhole</b>: OdonataWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>OdonataPart</b>: OdonataPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Odonata</b>: Odonata abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Heteroptera</b>: Heteroptera abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Mites</b>: Mites abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Isopods</b>: Isopods abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Worms</b>: Worms abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>OtherWhole</b>: OtherWhole abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>OtherPart</b>: OtherPart abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Other</b>: Other abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>10m bottle traps, for crabs, shrimps, snails</b> (described in worksheet Bottletraps_nov2015)</p><p>Description: Crabs, shrimps, snails. Sampled using bottle traps baited with fish/bread. Sampling done at regularly spaced points along the 200m long dragonfly transects. </p><p>Number of fields: 13</p><p>Number of data rows: 999</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Locations</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date trap set (Field type: date)</li><li><b>ArrivalTime</b>: Trap set time (Field type: time)</li><li><b>LeavingTime</b>: Trap collection time (Field type: time)</li><li><b>Weather</b>: Weather comments (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>People</b>: Observer (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>IDnumber</b>: Trap number (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Shrimps</b>: Shrimps abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Snails</b>: Snails abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Crabs</b>: Crabs abundance (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Fish</b>: Fish abundance (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>200m transects, adult dragonflies</b> (described in worksheet Dragonflies_2012_2013)</p><p>Description: Adult dragonflies. Caught along 200m long transects using butterfly nets. </p><p>Number of fields: 23</p><p>Number of data rows: 1872</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Location</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Stream name (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Distance along the stream transect (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Weather</b>: Stream and distance ID (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>WeatherIssues</b>: Weather issues (0 - no issues, 1 - issues) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>PeopleIssues</b>: People issues (0 - no issues, 1 - issues) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>People</b>: Observers (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>DragonflyNo</b>: Dragonfly catch number per day (Field type: id)</li><li><b>UniqueID</b>: Individual dragonfly ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Time</b>: Time of catch (Field type: time)</li><li><b>Photos</b>: How many photos were taken of that individual dragonfly (in order to assist with photo sorting later on) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>HeadColour</b>: Head colour (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>ThoraxColour</b>: Thorax colour (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>AbdomenColour</b>: Abdomen colour (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>WingColour</b>: Wing colour (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>Pair</b>: Whether a male/female mating pair or not (knowing this could sometimes help with ID decisions later on, especially for females which are poorly known) (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Point10m</b>: Point of catch along the transect (10m intervals along he transect) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Habitat</b>: Habitat type (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>Activity</b>: What was the dragon fly doing (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>DateIDing</b>: Date of ID (Field type: date)</li><li><b>PeopleIDing</b>: Person Iding (JA= James Austin, RD= Rory Dow, SHL = Sarah Luke) (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Species of dragonfly (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>MaleFemale</b>: Sex of dragonfly (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2011-07-03 to 2015-04-18</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5755 to 4.9618</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9641 to 117.7965</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Annelida <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Crabs <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ceratopogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chironomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ablabesmyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cardiocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Chironomini1stInstar <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiGenusB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto1 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto2 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto3 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto5 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus cylindraceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus olivetus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Diamesinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrotendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eukiefferiella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianA <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianC <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kiefferulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nanocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nilotanypus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paracladopelma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parametriocnemus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paratendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudorthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stictochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  TanytarsiniSurfaceTooth <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemannimyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura lobata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus mendax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus nemorosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus chalybeatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ceratopogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chironomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ablabesmyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cardiocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Chironomini1stInstar <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiGenusB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto1 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto2 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto3 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto5 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus cylindraceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus olivetus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Diamesinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrotendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eukiefferiella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianA <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianC <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kiefferulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nanocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nilotanypus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paracladopelma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parametriocnemus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paratendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudorthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stictochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  TanytarsiniSurfaceTooth <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemannimyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura lobata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus mendax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus nemorosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus chalybeatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ceratopogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chironomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ablabesmyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cardiocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Chironomini1stInstar <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiGenusB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto1 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto2 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto3 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  ChironominiPhoto5 <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cladotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus cylindraceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cricotopus olivetus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Diamesinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrotendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eukiefferiella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianA <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianB <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  KelianC <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kiefferulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nanocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nilotanypus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paracladopelma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parametriocnemus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paratendipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedilum convictum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudorthocladius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheotanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stictochironomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  TanytarsiniSurfaceTooth <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemanniella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Thienemannimyia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corynoneura lobata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus mendax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tanytarsus nemorosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheocricotopus chalybeatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Ephemeroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Baetidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Caenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euthyplociidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heptageniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptophlebiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Oligoneuriidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Potamanthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tricorythidae <br> -  -  -  -  Ephemeroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Baetidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Caenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euthyplociidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heptageniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptophlebiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Oligoneuriidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Potamanthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tricorythidae <br> -  -  -  -  Ephemeroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Baetidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Caenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euthyplociidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heptageniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptophlebiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Oligoneuriidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Potamanthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tricorythidae <br> -  -  -  -  Odonata <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorocyphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha aurofulgens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha humeralis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago phaethon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago semiopaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus insularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gomphidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus blandulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus williamsoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus safei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Libellulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis aurora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis festiva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum chrysis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum glaucum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum testaceum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum schneideri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetrathemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis cleis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia gigantea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis culminicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala flavescens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris errans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla lineata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta torrida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis fluctuans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis ramburii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platystictidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta actaeon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta rufostigma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta versicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megapodagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Amphipterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta tanduk</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platycnemididae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia arcuata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia cyaneothorax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera vittata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Protoneuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura verticalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea impar</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea subcostalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea dimidiata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea ulu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Aeshnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna degorsi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cordulegastridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chlorogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corduliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia westwoodii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia fulva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coenagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion pilidorsum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis femina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion dubium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calopterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis longipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Odonata <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorocyphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha aurofulgens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha humeralis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago phaethon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago semiopaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus insularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gomphidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus blandulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus williamsoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus safei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Libellulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis aurora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis festiva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum chrysis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum glaucum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum testaceum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum schneideri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetrathemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis cleis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia gigantea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis culminicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala flavescens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris errans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla lineata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta torrida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis fluctuans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis ramburii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platystictidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta actaeon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta rufostigma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta versicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megapodagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Amphipterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta tanduk</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platycnemididae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia arcuata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia cyaneothorax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera vittata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Protoneuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura verticalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea impar</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea subcostalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea dimidiata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea ulu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Aeshnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna degorsi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cordulegastridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chlorogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corduliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia westwoodii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia fulva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coenagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion pilidorsum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis femina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion dubium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calopterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis longipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Odonata <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorocyphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha aurofulgens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha humeralis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha stygia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago phaethon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago semiopaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Burmagomphus insularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gomphidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliogomphus blandulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptogomphus williamsoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaenandrogomphus safei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Libellulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis aurora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis festiva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum chrysis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum glaucum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum testaceum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum pruinosum schneideri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetrathemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lyriothemis cleis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Camacinia gigantea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis culminicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pantala flavescens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris errans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla lineata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tyriobapta torrida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis fluctuans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis ramburii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macromiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platystictidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta actaeon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta rufostigma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drepanosticta versicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megapodagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Amphipterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Devadatta tanduk</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platycnemididae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia arcuata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Coeliccia cyaneothorax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera vittata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Protoneuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura verticalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea impar</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea subcostalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea dimidiata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea ulu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Aeshnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tetracanthagyna degorsi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cordulegastridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chlorogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corduliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromia westwoodii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macromidia fulva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coenagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion pilidorsum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Agriocnemis femina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stenagrion dubium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calopterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amaryllis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amnicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis amoena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vestalis anacolosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis longipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leuctridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemouridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Peltoperlidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leuctridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemouridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Peltoperlidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leuctridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemouridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Peltoperlidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leuctridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemouridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Peltoperlidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calamoceratidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dipseudopsidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ecnomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydropsychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydroptilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lepidostomatidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptoceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Philopotamidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polycentropodidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psychomyiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Xiphocentronidae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calamoceratidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dipseudopsidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ecnomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydropsychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydroptilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lepidostomatidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptoceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Philopotamidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polycentropodidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psychomyiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Xiphocentronidae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calamoceratidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dipseudopsidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ecnomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydropsychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydroptilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lepidostomatidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptoceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Philopotamidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polycentropodidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psychomyiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Xiphocentronidae <br> -  -  -  -  Hemiptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heteroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gerridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Halobatinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [4spot] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies15] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies25] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies27] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies28] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies29] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies33] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies34] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies35] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies42] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies46] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies47] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies6] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnometra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Limnometra.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tenagogonus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Tenagogonus.sp.1] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Tenagogonus.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptilomera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Ptilomera.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Potamometropsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Potamometropsis.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Metrocoris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Metrocoris.sp.1] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Metrocoris.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cylindrostethus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cylindrostethus scrutator</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Cylindrostethus.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  Veliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies20] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies24] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies30] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies31] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies36] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies37] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies38] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies4] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies40] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies41] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies43] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies44] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies45] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies7] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies7.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhagovelia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Rhagovelia.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Rhagovelia.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Rhagovelia.sp.3] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Strongylovelia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Strongylovelia.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gerridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Halobatinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [4spot] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies15] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies25] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies27] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies28] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies29] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies33] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies34] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies35] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies42] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies46] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies47] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  [Morphospecies6] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnometra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Limnometra.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tenagogonus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Tenagogonus.sp.1] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Tenagogonus.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptilomera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Ptilomera.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Potamometropsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Potamometropsis.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Metrocoris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Metrocoris.sp.1] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Metrocoris.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cylindrostethus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cylindrostethus scrutator</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Cylindrostethus.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  Macroveliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheumatogonus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Rheumatogonus.sp.1] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Rheumatogonus.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ventidius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Ventidius.sp.] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Ventidius.sp.2] <br> -  -  -  Shrimps <br> -  -  -  Arachnida <br> -  -  -  -  Mites <br> -  -  -  Malacostraca <br> -  -  -  -  Isopoda <br> -  -  Mollusca <br> -  -  -  Gastropoda <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Actinopterygii <br></div><p></p>
Assessment of the stream invertebrate β-diversity along an elevation gradient using a bidimensional null model analysis
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> β-Diversity, commonly defined as the compositional variation among localities that links local diversity (α‐diversity) and regional diversity (γ‐diversity), can arise from two different ecological phenomena, namely the spatial species turnover (i.e. species replacement) and the nestedness of assemblages (i.e. species loss). However, any assessment that does not account for stochasticity in community assembly could be biased and misinform conservation management. In this study, we aimed to provide a better understanding of the overall ecological phenomena underlying stream β-diversity along elevation gradients, and at contributing to the rich debate on null model approaches to identify non-random patterns in the distribution of taxa.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Swiss Alpine region.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Based on presence-absence data of 78 stream invertebrate families from 309 sites, we analyzed the effect size of non-random spatial distribution of stream invertebrates on the β-diversity and its two components (i.e. turnover and nestedness). We used a modelling framework that allows exploring the complete range of existing algorithm sused in null model analysis, and to assess how distribution patterns vary according to an array of possible ecological assumptions.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Overall, the turnover of stream invertebrates and the nestedness of assemblages were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than the ones expected by chance. This pattern increased with elevation, and the consistent trend observed along the altitudinal gradient, even in the most conservative analysis, strengthened our findings.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Our study suggests that deterministic distribution of stream invertebrates in the Swiss Alpine region is significantly driven by differential dispersal capacity and environmental stress gradients. As long as the ecological assumptions for constructing the null models and their implications are acknowledged, we believe that they still represent useful tools to measure the effect size of non-random spatial distribution of taxa on β-diversity.</p>
Assessment of the stream invertebrate β-diversity along an elevation gradient using a bidimensional null model analysis
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.