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9 results for “strength of preference”
Code for the population genetic models of the evolution of preference strength
<p>Sexual selection has a rich history of mathematical models that consider why preferences favor one trait phenotype over another (for population genetic models) or what specific trait value is preferred (for quantitative genetic models). Less common is exploration of the evolution of choosiness or preference strength: that is, by how much a trait is preferred. We examine both population and quantitative genetic models of the evolution of preferences, specifically developing "baseline models" of the evolution of preference strength during the Fisher process. Using a population genetic approach based on the classic model of Kirkpatrick (1982), we find selection for stronger and stronger preferences when trait variation is maintained by mutation. However, this force is quite weak and likely to be swamped by drift in moderately-sized populations. In a quantitative genetic model based on Lande (1981), unimodal preferences will generally not evolve to be increasingly strong without bounds when male traits are under stabilizing viability selection, but evolve to extreme values when viability selection is directional. Our results highlight that different shapes of fitness and preference functions lead to qualitatively different trajectories for preference strength evolution ranging from no evolution to extreme evolution of preference strength.</p>
Data from: Variation in the strength of female mate preference for male size supports the signal reliability hypothesis
<p>Both sexually selected traits and mate preferences for these traits can be condition dependent, yet how variation in preferred traits could select for condition dependent preferences has rarely been examined. The signal reliability hypothesis predicts that mate preferences vary across environments in relation to the reliability of the information preferred traits provide in those environments. Extensive variation in copy number of the <em>mc4r</em> gene on Y chromosome is correlated with adult male size in <em>Xiphophorus multilineatus</em>, when males stop growing. This genetic variation allowed us to use a split-sibling design to show that male size is more variable, and thus likely to provide reliable information about male genotype, when males were reared in a warm as compared to cold environment. Females reared in the warm environment had stronger mate preferences for male size. Understanding how the reliability of male traits can select for conditional variation in the strength of the female mate preferences will further our discovery of adaptive mate preferences. For example, the relationship between the strength of a female's mate preference and their growth rates supports previous work hypothesizing disassortative mating in relation to growth rates to mitigate a documented growth-mortality tradeoff in this species.</p>
Code for the population genetic models of the evolution of preference strength
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Data from: Strength of female mate preferences in temperature manipulation study supports the signal reliability hypothesis
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Fig. 3 in Clonal thermal preferences affect the strength of the temperature-size rule
Fig. 3 Relationship between the slopes of the following traits regressed on temperature: population growth rate r (x-axis) and body size (the absolute values of the negative slopes; y-axis). Each point represents a clone with its thermal adaptation distinguished by color. Blue squares are for cold clone, red circles are for warm clones, and green triangles are for Int clones. Slope± SE
Fig. 2 in Clonal thermal preferences affect the strength of the temperature-size rule
Fig. 2 Interclonal response to temperature in six clones of Lecane inermis rotifer: population growth rate r A and temperature-size rule response B. Blue squares are for cold clone, red circles are for warm clones, and green triangles are for Int clones. Means ± SE
Fig. 1 in Clonal thermal preferences affect the strength of the temperature-size rule
Fig. 1 Relationships among life history traits for six clones of the rotifer Lecane inermis: female body size and egg size measured from the stock populations at 25 °C A, female lifespan and total number of
Data from: A novel method for estimating the strength of positive mating preference by similarity in the wild
Mating preference can be a driver of sexual selection and assortative mating and is, therefore, a key element in evolutionary dynamics. Positive mating preference by similarity is the tendency for the choosy individual to select a mate which possesses a similar variant of a trait. Such preference can be modelled using Gaussian-like mathematical functions that describe the strength of preference, but such functions cannot be applied to empirical data collected from the field. As a result, traditionally, mating preference is indirectly estimated by the degree of assortative mating (using Pearson's correlation coefficient, r) in wild captured mating pairs. Unfortunately, r and similar coefficients are often biased due to the fact that different variants of a given trait are nonrandomly distributed in the wild, and pooling of mating pairs from such heterogeneous samples may lead to "false–positive" results, termed "the scale-of-choice effect" (SCE). Here we provide two new estimators of mating preference (Crough and Cscaled) derived from Gaussian-like functions which can be applied to empirical data. Computer simulations demonstrated that r coefficient showed robust estimations properties of mating preference but it was severely affected by SCE, Crough showed reasonable estimation properties and it was little affected by SCE, while Cscaled showed the best properties at infinite sample sizes and it was not affected by SCE but failed at biological sample sizes. We recommend using Crough combined with the r coefficient to infer mating preference in future empirical studies.
Data from: A novel method for estimating the strength of positive mating preference by similarity in the wild
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