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67 results for “subdivision”
Fig. 8 in Lanea carlsi conodont apparatus reconstruction and its significance for subdivision of the Lochkovian
Fig. 8. SEM photographs of M elements of spathognathodontid conodont Lanea carlsi (Boersma, 1973). A. NM L40538, incomplete element, inner lateral view (A1) detail of broken cusp (A2). B. NM L40539, inner lateral view (B1), detail of basal area with ridge (B2). All figured specimens are from sample 4Po22.
Fig. 6 in Lanea carlsi conodont apparatus reconstruction and its significance for subdivision of the Lochkovian
Fig. 6. SEM photographs of Sb elements of spathognathodontid conodont Lanea carlsi (Boersma, 1973). A. NM L40542, detail of cusp in cross section (A1), detail of basal cavity (A2), inner lateral view (A3). B. NM L40543, outer lateral view (B1), detail of basal area (B2). All figured specimens are from sample 4Po22.
Fig. 7 in Lanea carlsi conodont apparatus reconstruction and its significance for subdivision of the Lochkovian
Fig. 7. SEM photographs of Sc elements of spathognathodontid conodont Lanea carlsi (Boersma, 1973). A. NM L40544, inner lateral view (A1), detail of basal cavity (A2). B. NM L40545, outer lateral view (B1), detail of cusp area (B2). All figured specimens are from sample 4Po22.
Fig. 4 in Lanea carlsi conodont apparatus reconstruction and its significance for subdivision of the Lochkovian
Fig. 4. SEM photographs of Pb elements of spathognathodontid conodont Lanea carlsi (Boersma, 1973). A. NM L40535, incomplete element, inner lateral view (A1), detail of the basal area (A2). B. NM L40536, adult element, outer lateral view (B1), detail of denticles on posterior blade (B2). C. NM L40537, detail of denticulation on posterior blade (C1), outer lateral view (C2). All figured specimens are from sample 4Po22.
Fig. 1. A in Lanea carlsi conodont apparatus reconstruction and its significance for subdivision of the Lochkovian
Fig. 1. A. Map with marked ocurrences of Lanea carlsi in Europe: 1, Eastern Iberian Chains; 2, Spanish Central Pyrenees; 3, Frankenwald; 4, Prague Synform (Barrandian); 5, Carnic Alps; 6, Western Bulgaria. B. Location of the Požáry Quarries in the Prague Synform (Barrandian, Czech Republic).
Fig. 5 in Lanea carlsi conodont apparatus reconstruction and its significance for subdivision of the Lochkovian
Fig. 5. SEM photographs of Sa elements of spathognathodontid conodont Lanea carlsi (Boersma, 1973). A. NM L40540, complete element, anterior view (A1), detail of cusp area (A2). B. NM L40541, posterior view (B1), detail of basal cavity (B2). All figured specimens are from sample 4Po22.
Fig. 3 in Lanea carlsi conodont apparatus reconstruction and its significance for subdivision of the Lochkovian
Fig. 3. SEM photographs of Pa elements of spathognathodontid conodont Lanea carlsi (Boersma, 1973). A. NM L40532, upper view (A1), detail of the platform lobe denticulation (A2), the terrace on platform lobe with single node connected by ridge with cusp. B. NM L40533, upper view (B1), detail of the cusp and neighboring denticle (B2). C. NM L40534, upper view (C1), detail of the ornamentation of the outer platform lobe (C2). All figured specimens are from sample 4Po22.
Fig. 2 in Lanea carlsi conodont apparatus reconstruction and its significance for subdivision of the Lochkovian
Fig. 2. Stratigraphy of the lower and middle part of the Požár−3 section with ranges of stratigraphically most important cosmopolitan conodonts in relation with the range of Lanea carlsi. The samples are marked on the right side of the column. The sample numbers are marked on the right side of the column. For convenience the sample prefix (4Po) is omitted. The samples with other prefixes (from different samplings and re−samplings) are given in full (i.e., PZ14, PZ16, and R52.0).
Text-fig. 3 Comparison of various stratigraphic subdivisions: European (ELMA), North American (NALMA) (Hilgen et al. 2012) and Chinese (CLMA) (Qiu Zhanxiang et al. 2013, Qiu Zhuding et al. 2013) Land Mammal Ages and Eastern Paratethys stages. in Comments On The Age And Dispersal Of Microtoscoptini (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Text-fig. 3 Comparison of various stratigraphic subdivisions: European (ELMA), North American (NALMA) (Hilgen et al. 2012) and Chinese (CLMA) (Qiu Zhanxiang et al. 2013, Qiu Zhuding et al. 2013) Land Mammal Ages and Eastern Paratethys stages.
Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent - nuclear genomic genotypes
<p>Genotype likelihood (GMR_minind40_mmaf0.05_glf2.beagle.gz) and pseudohaploid calls (GMR_minind40_mmaf0.05_glf2.haplo.gz) used for the nuclear genomic analyses in the manuscript "Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent".</p><p>The order of the individuals in each file is listed in Names.txt</p><p> </p>
Data from: Population genetic analyses using 10 new polymorphic microsatellite loci confirms genetic subdivision within the olm, Proteus anguinus
We provide a comparative population genetic study of the elusive amphibian, Proteus anguinus, by comparing the genetic diversity and divergence among four cave populations (96 individuals) sampled in the Dinaric Karst of Croatia. We developed 10 variable microsatellite markers using pyrosequencing and applied them to the four selected populations belonging to four different cave systems. The results showed strong genetic differentiation between the four caves corroborating with previous findings suggesting that Proteus might comprises several unrecognized taxa. Our results confirmed that gene flow should be high within the caves, whereas it is low between hydrographic systems since geological periods. Finally, we conclude that the high genetic subdivision suggests the necessity of treating the four studied Proteus populations as evolutionary significant units.
Data from: Genetic subdivision and candidate genes under selection in North American gray wolves
Previous genetic studies of the highly mobile gray wolf (Canis lupus) found population structure that coincides with habitat and phenotype differences. We hypothesized that these ecologically distinct populations (ecotypes) should exhibit signatures of selection in genes related to morphology, coat color, and metabolism. To test these predictions, we quantified population structure related to habitat using a genotyping array to assess variation in 42,036 SNPs in 111 North American gray wolves. Using these SNP data and individual-level measurements of 12 environmental variables, we identified six ecotypes: West Forest, Boreal Forest, Arctic, High Arctic, British Columbia, and Atlantic Forest. Next, we explored signals of selection across these wolf ecotypes through the use of three complementary methods to detect selection: FST/haplotype homozygosity bivariate percentile, BayeScan, and environmentally correlated directional selection with Bayenv. Across all methods, we found consistent signals of selection on genes related to morphology, coat coloration, metabolism, as predicted, as well as vision and hearing. In several high-ranking candidate genes, including LEPR, TYR, and SLC14A2, we found variation in allele frequencies that follow environmental changes in temperature and precipitation, a result that is consistent with local adaptation rather than genetic drift. Our findings show that local adaptation can occur despite gene flow in a highly mobile species and can be detected through a moderately dense genomic scan. These patterns of local adaptation revealed by SNP genotyping likely reflect high fidelity to natal habitats of dispersing wolves, strong ecological divergence among habitats, and moderate levels of linkage in the wolf genome.
Data from: Causes and evolutionary consequences of population subdivision of an Iberian mountain lizard, Iberolacerta monticola
Aim: The study of the factors that influence population connectivity and spatial distribution of genetic variation is crucial for understanding speciation and for predicting the effects of landscape modification and habitat fragmentation, which are considered severe threats to global biodiversity. This dual perspective is obtained from analyses of subalpine mountain species, whose present distribution may have been shaped both by cyclical climate changes over ice ages and anthropogenic perturbations of their habitats. Here, we examine the phylogeography, population structure and genetic diversity of the lacertid lizard Iberolacerta monticola, an endemism considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in several populations. Location: Northwestern quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula. Methods: We analyzed the mtDNA variation at the control region (454 bp) and the cytochrome b (598 bp) loci, as well as at 10 nuclear microsatellite loci from 17 populations throughout the distribution range of the species. Results: According to nuclear markers, most sampling sites are defined as distinct, genetically differentiated populations, and many of them show traces of recent bottlenecks. Mitochondrial data identify a relatively old, geographically restricted lineage, and four to six younger geographically vicariant sister clades, whose origin may be traced back to the mid-Pleistocene revolution, with several subclades possibly associated to the mid-Bruhnes transition. Geographic range fragmentation of one of these clades, which includes lowland sites, is very recent, and most likely due to the accelerated loss of Atlantic forests by human intervention. Main Conclusions: Altogether, the data fit a "refugia within refugia" model, some lack of pattern uniformity notwithstanding, and suggest that these mountains might be the cradles of new species of Iberolacerta. However, the changes operated during the Holocene severely compromise the long-term survival of those genetic lineages more exposed to the anthropogenic perturbations of their habitats.
Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent - Landscaoe genetic analyses
<p>Datasets and scripts encompasses landscape genetic analyses for giant root-rat populations, incorporating both mitochondrial and nuclear genome data. The study utilized resistance surface optimization approaches and partial Mantel tests to explore the impact of envrionmental features on the species. Findings and insights are detailed in the manuscript titled "Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent".</p>
Subdivision of the Vespertilionidae [Figures: Blanca Marti, Alex Mascarell, Faansie Peacock, Lluis Sogorb] in Vespertilionidae
Subdivision of the Vespertilionidae [Figures: Blanca Marti, Alex Mascarell, Faansie Peacock, Lluis Sogorb]
Data from: Genetic population structure of the round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) in North America: multiple markers reveal glacial refugia and regional subdivision.
Round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) have a broad, disjunct range across northern North America and Eurasia, and little is known about their genetic population structure. We performed genetic analyses of round whitefish from 17 sites across its range using nine microsatellites, two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loci, and 4918 to 8835 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. Our analyses identified deep phylogenetic division between eastern and western portions of the range, likely indicative of origins from at least two separate Pleistocene glacial refugia. Regionally, microsatellites and SNPs identified congruent patterns in subdivision, and population structure was consistent with expectations based on hydrologic connectivity. Within the Laurentian Great Lakes, Lake Huron and Lake Ontario were identified as key areas of interest. Lake Huron appears to be a contemporary source population for several other Great Lakes, and Lake Ontario contains a genetically discrete group of round whitefish. In all cases, multiple genetic markers yielded similar patterns, but SNPs offered substantially enhanced resolution. We conclude that round whitefish have population subdivision on several scales important for understanding their evolutionary history and conservation planning.
What, if anything, is a subdivision?
<p>Much has been written about the costs and benefits of using pre-coordinated headings when indexing documents. However, to date there have been few attempts at specifying a formal semantics for such systems, and little study of how well the intended meanings of these headings correspond to the meanings understood by both end users and professional library staff.<br> In this paper I discuss some possible interpretations of pre-coordinated headings in the Library of Congress Subject Headings. I review previous studies of end user understanding of subdivided subject headings. These studies raise questions as to how well the intended meanings of these headings are understood by professional librarians and end users. I note methodological issues that may limit the validity of the results and suggest follow-up studies to address these limitations.<br> Finally, I suggest extensions to the W3C ontology for Simple Knowledge Organization Systems (SKOS) to support modeling subdivided headings. I also suggest how concepts modeled using these extensions can be related to classes in a corresponding ontology.</p>
Data from: Genetic population structure of the round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) in North America: multiple markers reveal glacial refugia and regional subdivision.
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Data from: Genetic subdivision and variation in selfing rates among Central American populations of the mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus
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Data from: Genetic subdivision and candidate genes under selection in North American gray wolves
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