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28 results for “subsoil”
Data from: Responses of subsoil organic carbon to climate warming and cooling is determined by microbial community rather than its molecular composition
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320-330R650-660 Block at Top of Subsoil
**320-330R650-660 block at top-of-subsoil surface** Location: Wall site (31Or11), Orange County, North Carolina. Period: Late Woodland (AD 1500-1600). Dimensions: length, 10.00 ft (3.05 m) north-south; width, 10.00 ft (3.05 m) east-west. Notes: A 10x10-ft block at the east edge of the Wall site, excavated by the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in 2016. Model by Steve Davis. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
330-350R650-660 Block at Top of Subsoil
**330-350R650-660 block at top-of-subsoil surface** Location: Wall site (31Or11), Orange County, North Carolina. Period: Late Woodland (AD 1500-1600). Dimensions: length, 20.00 ft (6.10 m) north-south; width, 10.00 ft (3.05 m) east-west. Notes: A 10x20-ft block at the east edge of the Wall site, excavated by the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in 2016. Postholes in this unit have not been excavated. Model by Steve Davis. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Subsoil compaction susceptibility index (SCSI)
<p>The dataset provides a global map of subsoil compaction risk of arable land by farm machinery. The calculation is detailed in the publication entitled "Farm vehicles approaching weights of sauropods exceed safe mechanical limits for soil functioning" by Thomas Keller and Dani Or.</p> <p>Three variables are available in this repository at 0.1° x 0.1° resolution (~10 km):</p> <ol> <li>the soil precompression stress at 50 cm depth (.nc)</li> <li>the soil stress at 50 cm depth (.shp)</li> <li>the subsoil compaction susceptibility index (SCSI) for arable land (.nc)</li> </ol>
320-330R640-650 Block at Top of Subsoil
**320-330R650-660 block at top-of-subsoil surface** Location: Wall site (31Or11), Orange County, North Carolina. Period: Late Woodland (AD 1500-1600). Dimensions: length, 10.00 ft (3.05 m) north-south; width, 10.00 ft (3.05 m) east-west. Notes: A 10x10-ft block at the east edge of the Wall site, excavated by the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in 2016. Model by Steve Davis. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fungal necromass is reduced by intensive drought in subsoil but not in topsoil
<p><span>The frequency and intensity of droughts worldwide are challenging the conservation of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. Microbial necromass is a key component of SOC, but how it responds to drought at specific soil depths remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted a three-year field experiment in a forest plantation to investigate the impacts of drought intensities under three treatments (ambient control (CK), moderate drought (30% throughfall removal), and intensive drought (50% throughfall removal)) on soil microbial necromass pools (i.e., bacterial necromass carbon (BNC), fungal necromass carbon (FNC), and total microbial necromass carbon (TNC)). We showed that the effects of drought on microbial necromass depended on microbial groups, soil depth, and drought intensity. While moderate drought increased total (+9.1±3.3%) and fungal (+13.5±4.9%) necromass carbon in the topsoil layer (0–15 cm), intensive drought reduced total (-31.6±3.7%) and fungal (-43.6±4.0%) necromass in the subsoil layer (15–30 cm). In contrast, both drought treatments significantly increased the bacterial necromass carbon in the topsoil and subsoil</span><span>. </span><span>Our results suggested that the effects of drought on the microbial necromass of the subsoil were more pronounced than those of the topsoil. This study highlights the complex responses of microbial necromass to drought events depending on microbial community structure, drought intensity and soil depth with global implications when forecasting carbon cycling under climate change. </span></p>
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in subsoils after 20 years of added precipitation in a Mediterranean grassland
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Fungal necromass is reduced by intensive drought in subsoil but not in topsoil
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Continental-scale patterns of extracellular enzyme activity in the subsoil: an overlooked reservoir of microbial activity
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method of homogeneous microzones in seismic perspective (MOPS) with geological-technical sections of reference for the subsoil model.
<p>Method of homogeneous microzones in seismic perspective (MOPS) with geological-technical sections of reference for the subsoil model.</p>
The main driver of soil organic carbon differs greatly between topsoil and subsoil in a grazing steppe
<p>1. Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics is regulated by a complex interplay of factors such as climate and potential anthropogenic activities. Livestocks play a key role in regulating the C cycle in grasslands. However, the interrelationship between SOC and these drivers remains unclear at different soil layers, and their potential relationships network have rarely been quantitatively assessed.</p> <p>2. Here, we completed a six-year manipulation experiment of grazing exclusion (no grazing: NG) and increasing grazing intensity (light grazing: LG, medium grazing: MG, heavy grazing: HG). We measurements of light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) in 12 plots along grazing intensity in three soil layers (topsoil: 0-10 cm, mid-soil: 10-30 cm, subsoil: 30-50 cm) to assess their underlying controls.</p> <p>3. Grazing significantly reduced SOC of the soil profile, but with significant depth and time dependencies. (1) SOC and SOC stability of the topsoil is primarily regulated by grazing duration (years). Specifically, grazing duration and grazing intensity increased the SOC lability of topsoil due to an increase in LFOC. (2) Grazing intensity was the major factor affecting the mid-soil SOC dynamics, among which MG had significantly lower SOC than did NG. (3) Subsoil organic carbon dynamics were mainly regulated by climatic factors. The increase in mean annual temperature (MAT) may have promoted the turnover of LFOC to HFOC in the subsoil.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. When evaluating the impacts of grazing on soil organic fraction, we need to consider the differences in sampling depth and the duration of grazing years. Our results highlight that the key factors influencing SOC dynamics differ among soil layers. Climatic and grazing factors have different roles in determining SOC in each soil layer.</p>
Figure 6 from: Fiers F, Lagnika M (2015) Four new representatives of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 from semi-consolidated subsoil aquifers in Benin (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae). Subterranean Biology 16: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.4467
Figure 6 - Allocyclops spinifer sp. n. A leg 1, frontal view B intercoxal sclerite of leg 1, frontal view C leg 2, frontal view D outer region of coxa and basis of leg2, caudal view E distal segment of leg 3 endopodite, caudal view F leg 4, frontal view G leg 4 protopodite and endopodite, caudal view H distal endopodite segment of leg 3, frontal view. (Female RBINSc COP 10.306: A, B, C, G; female RBINSc COP 10.304: D, F, E; male RBINSc COP 10.305: H).
Figure 9 from: Fiers F, Lagnika M (2015) Four new representatives of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 from semi-consolidated subsoil aquifers in Benin (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae). Subterranean Biology 16: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.4467
Figure 9 - Allocyclops pilosus sp. n. A leg 1, frontal view B leg 1 intercoxal sclerite C leg 2, frontal view (aberrant number of medial setae on endopodite, normal seta complement shown at the left) D distal endopodite segment of leg 3, frontal view E idem F leg 4, frontal view G leg 4 protopodite and endopodite, caudal view H leg 4 intercoxal sclerite, frontal view I–J distal endopodite segment of leg 4 of other specimens (Females RBINSc COP 10.313: F, G; COP 10.310: A–D, G–H, COP 10.318: I; COP 10.316: J; male RBINSc COP 10.312: E).
Figure 3 from: Fiers F, Lagnika M (2015) Four new representatives of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 from semi-consolidated subsoil aquifers in Benin (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae). Subterranean Biology 16: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.4467
Figure 3 - Allocyclops spinifer sp. n. A urosome in ventral view B urosome in ventral view C copulatory pore and duct D leg 5 and lateral part of pediger, in ventral view E leg 5 and lateral side of pediger in ventral view. (Female RBINSc COP 10.304: A, C; RBINSc COP 10.306: E; male RBINSc COP 10.305: B, D).
Figure 2 from: Fiers F, Lagnika M (2015) Four new representatives of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 from semi-consolidated subsoil aquifers in Benin (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae). Subterranean Biology 16: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.4467
Figure 2 - Allocyclops spinifer sp. n. A habitus in dorsal view B principal setae of left caudal ramus C habitus in dorsal view D anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal view. (Female RBINSc COP 10.304: A, B, D; male RBINSc COP 10.305: C).
Figure 5 from: Fiers F, Lagnika M (2015) Four new representatives of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 from semi-consolidated subsoil aquifers in Benin (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae). Subterranean Biology 16: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.4467
Figure 5 - Antennary coxobasis: Allocyclops spinifer sp. n. A frontal view B caudal view C caudal view; Allocyclops pilosus sp. n. D frontal view E caudal view F caudal view; Allocyclops nudus sp. n. G frontal view H caudal view; Allocyclops sakitii sp. n. I caudal view J frontal view (RBINSc COP 10.304: A; COP 10.306B, COP 10.305: C; COP 10.310: D, E; COP 10.312: F; COP 10.3334, COP 10.367; COP 10.355: I, J).
Figure 15 from: Fiers F, Lagnika M (2015) Four new representatives of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 from semi-consolidated subsoil aquifers in Benin (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae). Subterranean Biology 16: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.4467
Figure 15 - Allocyclops sakitii sp. n. A leg 1, frontal view B distal endopodite segment of leg 2, frontal view C leg 3, frontal view D Outer region of coxa and basis of leg 3, caudal view E leg 4, frontal view F leg 4 protopodite and endopodite, caudal view G leg 4 endopodite, caudal view (Female RBINSc COP 10.355: A–C, F; COP 10.358: D, E; male RBINSc COP 10.356: G).
Figure 4 from: Fiers F, Lagnika M (2015) Four new representatives of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 from semi-consolidated subsoil aquifers in Benin (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae). Subterranean Biology 16: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.4467
Figure 4 - Allocyclops spinifer sp. n. A antennulary segment 1 B antennulary segments 8–11; Allocyclops pilosus sp. n. C antennulary segments 8–11 D antennulary segment 1; Allocyclops nudus sp. n. E antennulary segments 8–11 F antennulary segment 1; Allocyclops sakitii sp. n. G antennulary segments 8–11 H antennulary segment 1; Allocyclops spinifer sp. n. I maxillary basis and endpodite; Allocyclops nudus sp. n. J maxillary basis and endopodite; Allocyclops pilosus sp. n. K maxillary basis and endopodite; Allocyclops sakitii sp. n. L maxillary basis and endopodite (RBINSc COP 10.304: A, B, I; COP 10.310: C, D, K; COP 10.367: E, D, J; COP 10.253: G, H, L).
Figure 13 from: Fiers F, Lagnika M (2015) Four new representatives of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 from semi-consolidated subsoil aquifers in Benin (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae). Subterranean Biology 16: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.4467
Figure 13 - Allocyclops sakitii sp. n. A habitus in dorsal view B principal caudal setae of left caudal ramus C anal somite and caudal rami, in dorsal view D habitus in dorsal view (Female RBINSc 10.357: A, B; female RBINSc COP 10.354: C; male RBINSc COP 10.356: D).
Figure 8 from: Fiers F, Lagnika M (2015) Four new representatives of the genus Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932 from semi-consolidated subsoil aquifers in Benin (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae). Subterranean Biology 16: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.4467
Figure 8 - Allocyclops pilosus sp. n. A urosome in ventral view B urosome in lateral view C urosome in ventral view (Female RBINSc COP 10.310 A, B; male RBINSc COP 10.312: C).
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