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Figs. 1 A-J. A-C. Myrcia huallagae. A in Taxonomic studies of Myrcia (Myrciinae, Myrtaceae) in Brazil: morphological novelties, circumscriptions, and new records for the Amazon
Figs. 1 A-J. A-C. Myrcia huallagae. A. Flowering branch; B. Flower, front view; C. Bract, showing adaxial side. D-F. Myrcia laruotteana. D. Flowering branch; E. Flower bud, showing calyx with valvate pre-flowering; F. Ovary 2-locular, cross-section. G, H. Myrcia mansoniana. G. Fruiting branch; H. Fruit, lateral view. I, J. Myrcia ovata. I. Flowering branch; J. Flower, showing valvate pre-flowering. (A-C. D. Mitja & D.C. Carvalho 10123; D-F. F. Lima s.n. (MG 10752); G, H. G.T. Prance et al. 24882; I, J. A.S. Rosário 01 & L.C.B. Lobato).
Data from: Nightmare or delight: taxonomic circumscription meets reticulate evolution in the phylogenomic era
<p>Phylogenetic studies in the phylogenomics era have demonstrated that reticulate evolution greatly impedes the accuracy of phylogenetic inference, and consequently can obscure taxonomic treatments. However, the systematics community lacks a broadly applicable strategy for taxonomic delimitation in groups characterized by pervasive reticulate evolution. The red-fruit genus, <em>Stranvaesia</em>, provides an ideal model to examine the influence of reticulation on generic circumscription, particularly where hybridization and allopolyploidy dominate the evolutionary history. In this study, we conducted phylogenomic analyses integrating data from hundreds of single-copy nuclear (SCN) genes and plastomes, and interrogated nuclear paralogs to clarify the inter/intra-generic relationship of <em>Stranvaesia</em> and its allies in the framework of Maleae. Analyses of phylogenomic discord and phylogenetic networks showed that allopolyploidization and introgression promoted the origin and diversification of the Stranvaesia clade, a conclusion further bolstered by cytonuclear and gene tree discordance. With a well-inferred phylogenetic backbone, we propose an updated generic delimitation of <em>Stranvaesia</em> and introduce a new genus, <em>Weniomeles</em>. This new genus is distinguished by its purple-black fruits, thorns trunk and/or branches, and a distinctive fruit core anatomy characterized by multilocular separated by a layer of sclereids and a cluster of sclereids at the top of the locules. Through this study, we highlight a broadly applicable workflow that underscores the significance of reticulate evolution analyses in shaping taxonomic revisions from phylogenomic data.</p>
Data from: Nightmare or delight: taxonomic circumscription meets reticulate evolution in the phylogenomic era
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Data from: Phylogeography of western Mediterranean Cymbalaria (Plantaginaceae) reveals two independent long-distance dispersals and entails new taxonomic circumscriptions
The Balearic Islands, Corsica and Sardinia (BCS) constitute biodiversity hotspots in the western Mediterranean Basin. Oligocene connections and long distance dispersal events have been suggested to cause presence of BCS shared endemic species. One of them is Cymbalaria aequitriloba, which, together with three additional species, constitute a polyploid clade endemic to BCS. Combining amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, plastid DNA sequences and morphometrics, we inferred the phylogeography of the group and evaluated the species' current taxonomic circumscriptions. Based on morphometric and AFLP data we propose a new circumscription for C. fragilis to additionally comprise a group of populations with intermediate morphological characters previously included in C. aequitriloba. Consequently, we suggest to change the IUCN category of C. fragilis from critically endangered (CR) to near threatened (NT). Both morphology and AFLP data support the current taxonomy of the single island endemics C. hepaticifolia and C. muelleri. The four species had a common origin in Corsica-Sardinia, and two long-distance dispersal events to the Balearic Islands were inferred. Finally, plastid DNA data suggest that interspecific gene flow took place where two species co-occur.
FIGURE 14 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 14. Geographic distribution of Adenomera martinezi and Adenomera saci sp. nov. on a topographic map. Type localities: Circle—A. martinezi (Cachimbo, Pará); Square—Adenomera saci sp. nov. (Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás). Triangles correspond to the distributional records for Adenomera saci sp. nov.: (1) Sonora, State of Mato Grosso do Sul; (2) Alto Araguaia, (3) Pontal do Araguaia, (4) Ribeirão Cascalheira, and (5) Santa Terezinha, State of Mato Grosso; (6) Mineiros/ Chapadão do Céu, (7) Cristalina, (8) Brasília, (9) Niquelândia, (10) Minaçu, and (11) Buritinópolis, State of Goiás/Distrito Federal; (12) Formoso do Araguaia/Ilha do Bananal, (13) Almas, and (14) Rio da Conceição/Jalapão, State of Tocantins. Records were based on our data and extracted from Heyer (1973); Vitt et al. (2005); Cintra et al. (2009); Moreira et al. (2009); Oda et al. (2009); Silva Jr. et al. (2009); Kopp et al. (2010); Morais et al. (2011); Valdujo et al. (2012).
FIGURE 13 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 13. Lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views, and schematic diagram of the oral disc (C) of a tadpole (stage 37) of Adenomera saci sp. nov. from Cristalina, State of Goiás.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 5. Live adult male specimens of Adenomera saci sp. nov. from the type locality (Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás): (A) Holotype AAG-UFU 1339 (SVL 22.5 mm); (B) Voucher paratopotype AAG-UFU 0109 (SVL 22.5 mm); (C) Paratopotype AAG-UFU 0108 (SVL 20.1 mm); (D) Paratopotype AAG-UFU 0762 (SVL 20.5 mm); (E) Paratopotype AAG-UFU 0763 (SVL 22.0 mm).
FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 9. Advertisement call of two male specimens of Adenomera saci sp. nov. from the type locality. (A) A waveform section (2 seconds) with five calls from the Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros (Goiás); (B) Audiospectrogram (above) and respective oscillogram (below) of the third call highlighted by a red outline. Unvouchered recording. (C) A waveform section (2.5 seconds) with five calls from Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Goiás); (D) Audiospectrogram (above) and respective oscillogram (below) of the third call highlighted by a red outline. Voucher paratopotype: AAG-UFU 0109.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 1. Live adult topotype specimens (Cachimbo, Pará) of Adenomera martinezi: (A) Voucher male AAG-UFU 1517 (SVL 23.7 mm); (B) Voucher male AAG-UFU 1515 (SVL 23.7 mm); (C) Voucher male AAG-UFU 1516 (SVL 24.2 mm); (D). Voucher male AAG-UFU 1520 (SVL 21.9 mm); (E) Male AAG-UFU 1522 (SVL 23.5 mm); (F) Female AAG-UFU 1521 (SVL 25.7 mm).
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 6. Live adult specimens of Adenomera saci sp. nov. from Cristalina, Goiás: (A) Voucher male AAG-UFU 1761 (SVL 20.5 mm); (B) Voucher male AAG-UFU 0809 (SVL 20.4 mm); (C) Male AAG-UFU 1673 (SVL 21.0 mm).
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 4. Adenomera martinezi, adult male topotype re-described (AAG-UFU 1517). Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of head, and ventral views of foot (C) and hand (D).
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 3. Advertisement call of two male topotypes (Cachimbo, Pará) of Adenomera martinezi. (A) A waveform section (2 seconds) with five calls; (B) Audiospectrogram (ab(ove) and respective oscillogram (below) of the fourth call highlighted by a red outline. Voucher specimen: AAG-UFU 1517; (C) A waveform section (2 seconds) with five calls; (D) Audiospectrogram (above) and respective oscillogram (below) of the second call highlighted by a red outline. Unvouchered recording.
FIGURE 11 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 11. Advertisement call of two male specimens of Adenomera saci sp. nov. from the State of Mato Grosso. (A) A waveform section (2.5 seconds) with five calls from Pontal do Araguaia; (B) Audiospectrogram (above) and respective oscillogram (below) of the second call highlighted by a red outline. Voucher specimen: AAG-UFU 0208. (C) A waveform section (3.5 seconds) with five calls from Alto Araguaia; (D) Audiospectrogram (above) and respective oscillogram (below) of the third call highlighted by a red outline. Unvouchered recording.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of an adult male topotype of Adenomera martinezi (AAG-UFU 1517; SVL 23.7 mm); and dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the holotype of Adenomera saci sp. nov. (AAG-UFU 1339; SVL 22.5 mm).
FIGURE 10 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 10. Advertisement call of two male specimens of Adenomera saci sp. nov. from Cristalina (Goiás). (A) A waveform section (2 seconds) with five calls; (B) Audiospectrogram (above) and respective oscillogram (below) of the fourth call highlighted by a red outline. Voucher specimen: AAG-UFU 1761. (C) A waveform section (2 seconds) with five calls; (D) Audiospectrogram (above) and respective oscillogram (below) of the second call highlighted by a red outline. Voucher specimen: AAG-UFU 0809.
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 8. Adenomera saci sp. nov., holotype (AAG-UFU 1339), adult male. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of head, and ventral views of foot (C) and hand (D).
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 7. Live adult specimens of Adenomera saci sp. nov. from Pontal do Araguaia, Mato Grosso: (A) Voucher male AAG- UFU 0208 (SVL 21.5 mm); (B) Male AAG-UFU 1747 (SVL 22.2 mm); (C) Male AAG-UFU 1745 (SVL 22.6 mm); (D) Female AAG-UFU 1748 (SVL 24.2 mm).
FIGURE 12. A in Taxonomic circumscription of Adenomera martinezi (Bokermann, 1956) (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) with the recognition of a new cryptic taxon through a bioacoustic approach
FIGURE 12. A scatterplot on the first two principal components (PCs) of bioacoustic variables of Adenomera saci sp. nov. populations. Open triangles (N = 7 individuals from the type locality, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás); Filled triangles (N = 4 individuals from Cristalina, Goiás); Circles (N = 7 individuals from Pontal do Araguaia, Mato Grosso); Square (N = 1 individual from Alto Araguaia, Mato Grosso).
FIGURE 24 in New taxonomic circumscription to Chamaecrista ser. Setosae (H.S. Irwin & Barneby) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)
FIGURE 24: Distribution maps of the species of Ch. ser. Setosae. A. Chamaecrista aurizerdae, Ch. campicola, Ch. coradinii; B. Ch. multiseta, Ch. obtecta. C. Ch. ochrosperma, Ch. orenicensis. D. Ch. scabra, Ch. setosa.
FIGURE 21 in New taxonomic circumscription to Chamaecrista ser. Setosae (H.S. Irwin & Barneby) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)
FIGURE 21: Chamaecrista setosa: A, B. and C. Diversity of habits and habitats, note the variation in habit and growth and effuse inflorescence; D. Portion of the main stem, showing the plagiotropic leaves and vinaceous trichomes; E. Detail of indumentum of the branch; F. Foliage, note the ascending leaves; G. Leaf.
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OpenNeuro
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