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5 results for “taxonomy of copepods”
Figure 2 in TaXonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna: the intriguing copepod order Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda), taXonomy and diversity
Figure 2. Distinctive morphological characters of the Monstrilloid copepods described from Brazil: (A) Cymbasoma rochai male genital complex showing spiniform processes; (B) C. rochai female fifth leg and ovigerous spines; (C) Monstrilla careli female fifth leg, ventral view; (D) M. pustulata female forehead with integumental field of pustules; (E) same, fifth leg, ventral view; (F) M. satchmoi, bilobed female oral papilla, lateral view; (G) same, left antennule, dorsal view; (H) C. brasiliensis female fifth legs, ventral view; (I) same, right antennule, dorsal view; (J) M. bahiana male genital complex, lateral view; (K) same, ventral view showing lappets; (L) same male right geniculate antennule, dorsal view; (M) M. fosshageni male genital complex, semi-lateral view; (N) same, lateral view; (O) M. fosshageni male left geniculate antennule, dorsal view.
Figure 3 in TaXonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna: the intriguing copepod order Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda), taXonomy and diversity
Figure 3. Distribution of species of the copepod order Monstrilloida: (A) Brazilian map showing the number of Monstrilloida species recorded from each state; (B) Monstrilloida species number by Brazilian marine ecoregions. State abbreviations: (AC) Acre, (AL) Alagoas, (AM) Amazonas, (AP) Amapá, (BA) Bahia, (CE) Ceará, (DF) Federal District, (ES) Espírito Santo, (GO) Goiás, (MA) Maranhão, (MG) Minas Gerais, (MS) Mato Grosso do Sul, (MT) Mato Grosso, (PA) Pará, (PB) Paraíba, (PE) Pernambuco, (PI) Piauí, (PR) Paraná, (RJ) Rio de Janeiro, (RN) Rio Grande do Norte, (RO) Rondônia, (RR) Roraima, (RS) Rio Grande do Sul, (SC) Santa Catarina, (SE) Sergipe, (SP) São Paulo, (TO) Tocantins.
Figure 1 in TaXonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna: the intriguing copepod order Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda), taXonomy and diversity
Figure 1. Monstrilloid copepod species described from Brazil: (A) Cymbasoma rochai adult female, dorsal view; (B) Monstrilla careli adult female, lateral view; (C) same, dorsal view; (D) M. pustulata adult female, lateral view; (E) same, dorsal view; (F) M. satchmoi adult female, lateral view; (G) Caromiobenella brasiliensis adult female, ventral view; (H) same, dorsal view; (I) C. brasiliensis adult male, lateral view; (J) same, dorsal view; (K) Monstrilla bahiana adult male, dorsal view; (L) same, ventral view; (M) Cymbasoma rochai adult male, ventral view; (N) Monstrillopsis fosshageni adult male, lateral view. Illustrations modified from Suárez-Morales and Dias (2000, 2001), Dias and Suárez-Morales (2023), Suárez-Morales et al. (2020). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
Data from: Cryptic species or inadequate taxonomy? implementation of 2D geometric morphometrics based on integumental organs as landmarks for delimitation and description of copepod taxa
Discovery of cryptic species using molecular tools has become common in many animal groups but it is rarely accompanied by morphological revision, creating ongoing problems in taxonomy and conservation. In copepods, cryptic species have been discovered in most groups where fast-evolving molecular markers were employed. In this study at Yeelirrie in Western Australia we investigate a subterranean species complex belonging to the harpacticoid genus Schizopera Sars, 1905, using both the barcoding mitochondrial COI gene and landmark-based two-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Integumental organs (sensilla and pores) are used as landmarks for the first time in any crustacean group. Complete congruence between DNA-based species delimitation and relative position of integumental organs in two independent morphological structures suggests the existence of three distinct evolutionary units. We describe two of them as new species, employing a condensed taxonomic format appropriate for cryptic species. We argue that many supposedly cryptic species might not be cryptic if researchers focus on analyzing morphological structures with multivariate tools that explicitly take into account geometry of the phenotype. A perceived supremacy of molecular methods in detecting cryptic species is in our view a consequence of disparity of investment and unexploited recent advancements in morphometrics among taxonomists. Our study shows that morphometric data alone could be used to find diagnostic morphological traits and gives hope to anyone studying small animals with a hard integument or shell, especially opening the door to assessing fossil diversity and rich museum collections. We expect that simultaneous use of molecular tools with geometry-oriented morphometrics may yield faster formal description of species. Decrypted species in this study are a good example for urgency of formal descriptions, as they display short-range endemism in small groundwater calcrete aquifers in a paleochannel, where their conservation may be threatened by proposed mining.
Data from: Cryptic species or inadequate taxonomy? implementation of 2D geometric morphometrics based on integumental organs as landmarks for delimitation and description of copepod taxa
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