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91 results for “temperature tolerance”

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zenodo40/100

Fig. 1 in Temperature affects the hypoxia tolerance of neotropical Cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis

Fig. 1. Malate Dehydrogenase enzyme activity of Geophagus brasiliensis exposed to normoxic (90% oxygen saturation) and hypoxia (20% oxygen saturation) conditions for 8 hours at 20°C, 24°C and 28°C. a. in liver; b. in white muscle; and c. in heart. Asterisks indicates significant differences between treatments at the same temperature, p <0.05. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences for the same treatment at the temperatures studied, p <0.05.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

zenodo40/100

Fig. 3 in Temperature affects the hypoxia tolerance of neotropical Cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis

Fig. 3. Citrate Synthase enzyme activity of Geophagus brasiliensis exposed to normoxic (90% oxygen saturation) and hypoxic (20% oxygen saturation) conditions for 8 hours at 20°C, 24°C and 28°C. a. in liver; b. in white muscle; and c. in heart. Asterisks indicates significant differences between treatments at the same temperature, p <0.05. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences for the same treatment at the temperatures studied, p <0.05.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

dryad40/100

Biogeographic parallels in thermal tolerance and gene expression variation under temperature stress in a widespread bumble bee

Global temperature changes have emphasized the need to understand how species adapt to thermal stress across their ranges. Genetic mechanisms may contribute to variation in thermal tolerance, providing evidence for how organisms adapt to local environments. We determine physiological thermal limits and characterize genome-wide transcriptional changes at these limits in bumble bees using laboratory-reared Bombus vosnesenskii workers. We analyze bees reared from latitudinal (35.7–45.7°N) and altitudinal (7–2154 m) extremes of the species' range to correlate thermal tolerance and gene expression among populations from different climates. We find that critical thermal minima (CTMIN) exhibit strong associations with local minimums at the location of queen origin, while critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) was invariant among populations. Concordant patterns are apparent in gene expression data, with regional differentiation following cold exposure, and expression shifts invariant among populations under high temperatures. Furthermore, we identify several modules of co-expressed genes that tightly correlate with critical thermal limits and temperature at the region of origin. Our results reveal that local adaptation in thermal limits and gene expression may facilitate cold tolerance across a species range, whereas high temperature responses are likely constrained, both of which may have implications for climate change responses of bumble bees.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Temperature dependent effects of cutaneous bacteria on a frog's tolerance of fungal infection

Defense against pathogens is one of many benefits that bacteria provide to animal hosts. A clearer understanding of how changes in the environment affect the interactions between animals and their microbial benefactors is needed in order to predict the impact and dynamics of emerging animal diseases. Due to its dramatic effects on the physiology of animals and their pathogens, temperature may be a key variable modulating the level of protection that beneficial bacteria provide to their animal hosts. Here we investigate how temperature and the makeup of the skin microbial community impact the susceptibility of amphibian hosts to infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, one of two fungal pathogens known to cause the disease chytridiomycosis. To do this, we manipulated the skin bacterial communities of susceptible hosts, northern cricket frogs (Acris crepitans), prior to exposing these animals to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis under two different ecologically relevant temperatures. Our manipulations included one treatment where antibiotics were used to reduce the skin bacterial community, one where the bacterial community was augmented with the antifungal bacterium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and one in which the frog's skin bacterial community was left intact. We predicted that frogs with reduced skin bacterial communities would be more susceptible (i.e., less resistant to and/or tolerant of Bd infection), and frogs with skin bacterial communities augmented with the known antifungal bacterium would be less susceptible to Bd infection and chytridiomycosis. However, we also predicted that this interaction would be temperature-dependent. We found a strong effect of temperature but not of skin microbial treatment on the probability and intensity of infection in Bd-exposed frogs. Whether temperature impacted survival, however, differed among our skin microbial treatment groups, with animals having more S. maltophilia on their skin surviving longer at 14 but not at 26 °C. Our results suggest that temperature was the predominant factor influencing Bd's ability to colonize the host (i.e., resistance) but that the composition of the cutaneous bacterial community was important in modulating the host's ability to survive (i.e., tolerate) a heavy Bd infection.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad40/100

Developmental temperature, more than long-term evolution, defines thermal tolerance in an Estuarine Copepod

Climate change is resulting in increasing ocean temperatures and salinity variability, particularly in estuarine environments. Tolerance of temperature and salinity change interact and thus may impact organismal resilience. Populations can respond to multiple stressors in the short-term (i.e., plasticity) or over longer timescales (i.e., adaptation). However, little is known about the short- or long-term effects of elevated temperature on the tolerance of acute temperature and salinity changes. Here we characterized the response of the near-shore and estuarine copepod, Acartia tonsa, to temperature and salinity stress. Copepods originated from one of two sets of replicated >40 generation-old temperature adapted lines: Ambient (AM, 18°C) and ocean warming (OW, 22°C). Copepods from these lines were subjected to one and three generations at the reciprocal temperature. Copepods from all treatments were then assessed for differences in acute temperature and salinity tolerance. Development (one generation), three generations, and >40 generations of warming increased thermal tolerance compared to Ambient conditions, with development in OW resulting in equal thermal tolerance to three and >40 generations of OW. Strikingly, developmental OW and >40 generations of OW had no effect on low salinity tolerance relative to Ambient. By contrast, when environmental salinity was reduced first, copepods had lower thermal tolerances. These results highlight a critical role for plasticity in the copepod climate response and suggest that salinity variability may reduce copepod tolerance to subsequent warming.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Remarkable similarity of oxygen tolerance across marine taxa when standardized for temperature and body size

Species' ranges are shifting in response to increasing temperature and decreasing oxygen in coastal oceans. Forecasting these shifts is limited by information on physiological oxygen thresholds and how they depend on temperature. Here, we adopt an ecophysiological metric, the metabolic index, and estimate its parameters from data collected on marine taxa using phylogenetic trait imputation. The metabolic index is the ratio of temperature-dependent rates of oxygen supply to basal oxygen demands. By applying a hierarchical phylogenetic model to a data set of 74 marine taxa that accounts for both taxonomic distance (from Linnean classification) and biases related to lab methods, we find that the critical oxygen pressure at a reference body size and temperature is remarkably consistent across taxa, ranging 2.9 to 4.9 kPa. In comparison, the estimated effect of temperature on the critical oxygen pressure was more variable among taxa. These findings suggest that species-level differences in oxygen tolerance might be primarily related to differences in body size and preferred temperature. Further, this work provides data-informed distributions of parameters for species that lack experimental data to aid species distribution forecasting.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

zenodo40/100

Figure 3 in Response and tolerance mechanism of food crops under high temperature stress: a review

Figure 3. Process of development of heat-resistant cultivars. Identify heat-resistant genes from natural genetic resources through genome wide association mapping and then study the study how these genes are operated. Select those genes which are associated with various signaling pathways and then transform them into current germplasm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

zenodo40/100

Figure 1 in Response and tolerance mechanism of food crops under high temperature stress: a review

Figure 1. Schematic representation of most sensitive phase of various crops during high temperature stress.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

dryad40/100

Data for: Tolerance of high temperature and associated effects on reproduction in euedaphic Collembola

Tropical and mid-latitude terrestrial ectotherms are more vulnerable to global warming than species from high latitudes. However, thermal tolerance studies from these regions still lack soil invertebrates. We chose six euedaphic species of Collembola (of the genera Onychiurus and Protaphorura) sampled across latitudes ranging from 31°N to 64°N and first determined their upper thermal limit (UTL) by static assays. Based on their upper thermal limit, we exposed them to temperatures 32 ℃ to 36 ℃ depending on the species for 1-2 hours, which was expected to result in heat-induced injuries equivalent to 5% to 30% mortality within each species. Survivors from this series of increasing heat injuries were used to determine the time to first oviposition, and the number of eggs produced following heat exposure. We found the upper thermal limit positively correlates to the soil temperature of the sampling site. Species have different UTL60 indicating they have different tolerance to high temperatures. The species order from most heat tolerance to least was O. yodai > P. fimata > P. armata ≈ P. tricampata > P. macfadyeni > P. pseudovanderdrifti. Heat stress inflicted on survivors can prolong the time to regain reproduction in all species, and two species showed reduced egg production. The most heat-tolerant species did not have advantages over the least heat-tolerant species under a sublethal heat exposure scheme (where predicted survival was less than 30%) in terms of their recovery of reproduction. We provided evidence for a potential long-term effect of high temperature on euedaphic species of Collembola and highlighted the need for further studies on the effects of global warming on soil living organisms.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

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