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23 results for “temporal behaviour”
A relative-motion method for parsing spatio-temporal behaviour of dyads using GPS relocation data
<p>In this paper, we introduce a novel method for classifying and computing the frequencies of movement modes of intra- and interspecific dyads, focusing in particular on distance-mediated approach, retreat, following and side by side movement modes. Besides distance, other factors such as time of day, season, sex, or age can be included in the analysis to assess if they cause frequencies of movement modes to deviate from random. By subdividing the data according to selected factors, our method allows us to identify those responsible for (or correlated with) significant differences in the behaviour of dyadic pairs. We demonstrate and validate our method using both simulated and empirical data. Our simulated data were obtained from a relative-motion, biased random-walk (RM-BRW) model with attraction and repulsion components. Our empirical data were GPS relocation data collected from African elephants in Etosha National Park, Namibia. The simulated data were primarily used to validate our method while the empirical data were used to illustrate the types of behavioural assessment that our methodology reveals. Our method facilitates automated, observer-bias-free analysis of the locomotive interactions of dyads using GPS relocation data, which are becoming increasingly ubiquitous as telemetry and related technologies improve. It should open up a whole new vista of behavioural-interaction type analyses to movement and behavioural ecologists.</p>
Temporal and spatial differences in the post-breeding behaviour of a ubiquitous Southern Hemisphere seabird, the common diving petrel
<p>The non-breeding period plays a major role in seabird survival and population dynamics. However, our understanding of the migratory behaviour, moulting and feeding strategies of non-breeding seabirds is still very limited, especially for small-sized species. The present study investigated the post-breeding behaviour of three distant populations (Kerguelen Archipelago, south-eastern Australia, New Zealand) of the common diving petrel (<i>Pelecanoides urinatrix</i>), an abundant, widely distributed zooplanktivorous seabird breeding throughout the southern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. The timing, geographical destination and activity pattern of birds were quantified through geolocator deployments during the post-breeding migration, while moult pattern of body feathers was investigated using stable isotope analysis. Despite the high energetic cost of flapping flight, all the individuals quickly travelled long distances (> ~2500 km) after the end of the breeding season, targeting oceanic frontal systems. The three populations, however, clearly diverged spatially (migration pathways and destinations), and temporally (timing and duration) in their post-breeding movements, as well as in their period of moult. Philopatry to distantly separated breeding grounds, different breeding phenologies, and distinct post-breeding destinations suggest that the common diving petrel populations have a high potential for isolation, and hence, speciation. These results contribute to improving knowledge of ecological divergence and evolution between populations and inform the challenges of conserving migratory species.</p>
Data from: Urbanization and the temporal patterns of social networks and group foraging behaviours
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Temporal and spatial differences in the post-breeding behaviour of a ubiquitous Southern Hemisphere seabird, the common diving petrel
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Temporal variation in floral scent emission of a woody plant and flower visiting behaviour of male and female flies
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FIG. 4 in Spatial and temporal patterns of territorial mate locating behaviour in Hypolimnas bolina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIG. 4. The relationship between counts of territorial males and the minimum vegetative corridor width in 10 m segments along both transect 1 (solid triangles) and transect 2 (open squares).
FIG. 2 in Spatial and temporal patterns of territorial mate locating behaviour in Hypolimnas bolina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIG. 2. Diel patterns of territorial male residence along transect 1 (open squares, solid line) and transect 2 (solid squares, dotted line). The error bars represent Ô1 standard error of sample means, and the ®tted lines are weighted least squares approximations calculated by the STATISTICATM computer program. Sample sizes are given above each hourly point.
FIG. 5 in Spatial and temporal patterns of territorial mate locating behaviour in Hypolimnas bolina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIG. 5. Representation of hypothetical population-level activity curves derived from simple models of the timing of individual behaviour. Curve A (solid line) represents a population of individuals that arrive at 0900 h and stay for 6 h, curve B (dashed line) represents a population of individuals that arrive at 0900 h and stay for varying times, whilst curve C (dotted line) represents a population of males that arrive at various times but each stay for 3 h.
FIG. 3 in Spatial and temporal patterns of territorial mate locating behaviour in Hypolimnas bolina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIG. 3. Spatial distribution of territorial males along the length of both transects, with the distribution of the larval food plant species C. cyanea (a), I. triloba (b) and S. nodiXora (c) indicated in the bars above each plot. Transect segments that contained outcrops of ¯owering W. trilobata are indicated by arrows (n 579 for all transect segments).
Data from: Environmental heterogeneity amplifies behavioural response to a temporal cycle
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Data from: Individual variation in male reproductive behaviour is linked to temporal heterogeneity in predation risk
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Data from: Temporally and spatially partitioned behaviours of spinner dolphins: implications for resilience to human disturbance
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Geographic, temporal and individual factors influencing foraging behaviour and consistency in Australasian gannets
<p><span>Foraging is a behaviour that can be influenced by multiple factors and is highly plastic. Recent studies have shown consistency in individual foraging behaviour has serious ecological and evolutionary implications within species and populations. Such information is crucial to understand how species select habitats, and how such selection might allow them to adapt to the environmental changes they face. Five foraging metrics (maximum distance from the colony, bearing from the colony to the most distal point, tortuosity index, total number of dives and mean Vectorial Dynamic Body Acceleration were obtained using GPS tracking and accelerometry data in adult Australasian gannets (<i>Morus serrator</i>) from two colonies in south-eastern Australia. Individuals were instrumented over two breeding seasons to obtain data to assess factors influencing foraging behaviour and behavioural consistency over multiple timescales (consecutive trips, breeding stages and years) and habitats (pelagic, mixed pelagic and inshore, and inshore). Colony, breeding stage and year were the factors which had the greatest influence on foraging behaviour, followed by sex. Behavioural consistency, measured as the contribution of the individual to the observed variance, was low to moderate for all foraging metrics (0.0 to 27.05%), with the higher values occurring over shorter timescales. In addition, behavioural consistency was driven by spatio-temporal factors rather than intrinsic characteristics. Behavioural consistency was higher in individuals foraging in inshore than pelagic habitats or mixed pelagic/inshore strategy, supporting suggestions that consistency is favoured in stable environments.</span></p>
Data from: Spatio-temporal dynamics of field cricket calling behaviour: implications for female mate search and mate choice
Amount of calling activity (calling effort) is a strong determinant of male mating success in species such as orthopterans and anurans that use acoustic communication in the context of mating behaviour. While many studies in crickets have investigated the determinants of calling effort, patterns of variability in male calling effort in natural choruses remain largely unexplored. Within-individual variability in calling activity across multiple nights of calling can influence female mate search and mate choice strategies. Moreover, calling site fidelity across multiple nights of calling can also affect the female mate sampling strategy. We therefore investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of acoustic signaling behaviour in a wild population of the field cricket species Plebeiogryllus guttiventris. We first studied the consistency of calling activity by quantifying variation in male calling effort across multiple nights of calling using repeatability analysis. Callers were inconsistent in their calling effort across nights and did not optimize nightly calling effort to increase their total number of nights spent calling. We also estimated calling site fidelity of males across multiple nights by quantifying movement of callers. Callers frequently changed their calling sites across calling nights with substantial displacement but without any significant directionality. Finally, we investigated trade-offs between within-night calling effort and energetically expensive calling song features such as call intensity and chirp rate. Calling effort was not correlated with any of the calling song features, suggesting that energetically expensive song features do not constrain male calling effort. The two key features of signaling behaviour, calling effort and call intensity, which determine the duration and spatial coverage of the sexual signal, are therefore uncorrelated and function independently.
Data from: Temporal variation in the vocal behaviour of southern right whales in the Auckland Islands, New Zealand
Autonomous recorders are frequently utilised for examining vocal behaviour of animals, and are particularly effective in remote habitats. Southern right whales are known to have an extensive acoustic repertoire. A recorder was moored at the isolated sub-Antarctic Auckland Islands for a year to examine whether the acoustic behaviour of southern right whales differed seasonally and throughout the day at their main calving ground in New Zealand. Recordings were made in each month except June, and vocalisations were audible in all months with recordings except January. A total of 35,487 calls were detected, of which upcalls were the most common (11,623). Call rate peaked in August (288±5.9 [SE] calls/hour) and July (194±8.3). Vocal behaviour varied diurnally with highest call rates detected at dusk and night, consistent with the concept that upcalls function primarily as contact calls. Zero-inflated model results confirmed that seasonal variation was the most important factor for explaining differences in vocal behaviour. An automated detector designed to expedite the analysis process for North Atlantic right whales correctly identified 80% of upcalls, although false detections were frequent, particularly when call rates were low. This study is the first to attempt year-round monitoring of southern right whale presence in New Zealand.
Data from: Dissociable temporal effects of bupropion on behavioural measures of emotional and reward processing in depression
Background: Antidepressants remediate negative biases in emotional processing early in treatment, prior to mood improvement. However, the effects on reward processing potentially relevant to the treatment of anhedonia are less clear. Here we investigate the early and sustained effects of the dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor bupropion on behavioural measures of emotional and reward processing in currently depressed individuals. Methods: 46 currently depressed patients and 42 healthy controls participated in a repeated measures study, during which open-label bupropion was administered to only the patient group over a 6 week period without a placebo group. All participants completed the Emotional Test Battery and a probabilistic instrumental learning task at week 0, week 2 and week 6. Results: Currently depressed patients displayed negative biases in emotional processing and blunted response bias for high-probability wins compared to the healthy controls at baseline. Bupropion was found to reduce the negative biases in emotional processing early in treatment, including a significant decrease in the percentage misclassification of other face emotions as sad and the number of negative self-referent words falsely recalled between baseline and week 2. Conversely, bupropion was found to initially further reduce the response bias for high-probability wins between baseline and week 2. This effect reversed with 6 weeks bupropion treatment and reward processing was normalised compared to the healthy controls. Conclusions: Early in treatment, bupropion acts to reduce negative biases in emotional processing but exacerbates impaired reward processing. The beneficial actions of bupropion on reward processing then occur later in treatment. Such dissociation in the temporal effects of bupropion on emotional and reward processing has implications for the treatment of the different symptom domains of negative affect and anhedonia in depression.
Data from: Simple metrics to characterize inter-individual and temporal variation in habitat selection behaviour
<p>1. Individual variation in habitat selection and movement behavior is receiving growing attention, but primarily with respect to characterizing behaviors in different contexts as opposed to decomposing structure in behavior within populations. This focus may be limiting advances in understanding the diversity of individual behavior and its influence on population organization. We propose a framework for characterizing variation in space-use behavior with the aim of advancing interpretation of its form and function.</p> <p>2. Using outputs from integrated Step Selection Analyses of 20 years of telemetry data from African elephants (<em>Loxodonta Africana</em>), we developed four metrics characterizing differentiation in resource selection behavior within a population [specialization (magnitude of the response independent of direction), heterogeneity (inter-individual variation), consistency (temporal shift in response) and reversal (frequency of directional changes in the response)].</p> <p>3. We contrast insight from the developed metrics relative to the mean population response using an example focused on two covariates. We then expanded this contrast by evaluating if the metrics identify structurally important information on seasonal shifts in resource selection behaviors in addition to that provided by mean selection coefficients through Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) and a random forest classification.</p> <p>4. The simplified example highlighted that for some covariates focusing on the population average failed to capture complex individual variation in behaviors. The PCAs revealed that the developed metrics provided additional information in explaining the patterns in elephant selection beyond that offered by population average covariate values. For elephants, specialization and heterogeneity were informative, with specialization often being a better descriptor of differences in seasonal resource selection behavior than population average responses. Summarizing these metrics spatially and temporally, we illustrate how these metrics can provide insights on overlooked aspects of animal behavior.</p> <p>5. Our work offers a new approach in how we conceptualize variation in space-use behavior (i.e., habitat selection and movement) by providing ways of encapsulating variation that enables diagnoses of the drivers of individual level variability in a population. <span>The developed metrics explicitly distill how variation in a behavior is structured among individuals and over time which could facilitate comparative work across time, populations, or strata within populations.</span></p>
Data from: Dissociable temporal effects of bupropion on behavioural measures of emotional and reward processing in depression
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Geographic, temporal and individual factors influencing foraging behaviour and consistency in Australasian gannets
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Data from: Spatio-temporal dynamics of field cricket calling behaviour: implications for female mate search and mate choice
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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