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21 results for “temporal fluctuation”
Data supporting 3D Super-resolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging with Temporal Focusing with two-photon excitation
<p>Data to support the publication combining temporal focusing two photon excitation with super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging.</p> <div>This research was funded by National Centre of Science, grant number: 2022/47/B/ST7/03465. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a</div> <div>CC-BY public copyright licence to any author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission</div>
Temporal fluctuations and geographic distributions of Leptopilina (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) species in North Carolina: Implications for biological control of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
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Data from: Temporally autocorrelated environmental fluctuations inhibit the evolution of stress tolerance
As global environmental conditions continue to change at an unprecedented rate many species will experience increases in natural and anthropogenic stress. Generally speaking, selection is expected to favor adaptations that reduce the negative impact of environmental stress (i.e., stress tolerance). However, natural environmental variables typically fluctuate, exhibiting various degrees of temporal autocorrelation, known as environmental 'colors,' which may complicate evolutionary responses to stress. Here we combine experiments and theory to show that temporal environmental autocorrelation can determine long-term evolutionary responses to stress, without affecting the total amount of stress experienced over time. Experimental evolution of RNA virus lineages in differing environmental autocorrelation treatments agreed closely with predictions from our theoretical models that stress tolerance is favored in less autocorrelated (whiter) environments but disfavored in more autocorrelated ('redder)ned' environments. This is explained by an interaction between environmental color autocorrelation and a phenotypic tradeoff between stress tolerance and reproductive ability. The degree to which environmental color autocorrelation influences evolutionary trajectories depends on the shape of this tradeoff as well as the relative level of tolerance exhibited by novel mutants. These results suggest that long-term evolutionary dynamics depend not only on the overall strength of selection, but also on the way that selection is distributed over time.
Data from: Spatial variation buffers temporal fluctuations in early juvenile survival for an endangered Pacific salmon
1. Spatial, phenotypic, and genetic diversity at relatively small scales can buffer species against large-scale processes such as climate change that tend to synchronize populations and increase temporal variability in overall abundance or production. This portfolio effect generally results in improved biological and economic outcomes for managed species. Previous evidence for the portfolio effect in salmonids has arisen from examinations of time series of adult abundance, but we lack evidence of spatial buffering of temporal variability in demographic rates such as survival of juveniles during their first year of life. 2. We therefore use density-dependent population models with multiple random effects to represent synchronous (similar among populations) and asynchronous (different among populations) temporal variability as well as spatial variability in survival. These are fitted to 25 years of survey data for breeding adults and surviving juveniles from 15 demographically distinct populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within a single metapopulation in the Snake River in Idaho, USA. 3. Model selection identifies the most support for the model that included both synchronous and asynchronous temporal variability, in addition to spatial variability. Asynchronous variability (log-SD = 0.55) is approximately equal in magnitude to synchronous temporal variability (log-SD = 0.67), but much lower than spatial variability (log-SD = 1.11). We also show that the pairwise correlation coefficient, a common measure of population synchrony, is approximated by the estimated ratio of shared and total variance, where both approaches yield a synchrony estimate of 0.59. We therefore find evidence for spatial buffering of temporal variability in early juvenile survival, although between-population variability that persists over time is also large. 4. We conclude that spatial variability decreases interannual changes in overall juvenile production, which suggests that conservation and restoration of spatial diversity will improve population persistence for this metapopulation. However, the exact magnitude of spatial buffering depends upon demographic parameters such as adult survival that may vary among populations, and is proposed as an area of future research using hierarchical life cycle models. We recommend that future sampling of this metapopulation employ a repeated-measure sampling design to improve estimation of early juvenile carrying capacity.
Data from: Linking genetic diversity and temporal fluctuations in population abundance of the introduced feral cat (Felis silvestris catus) on the Kerguelen Archipelago.
Linking temporal variations of genetic diversity, including allelic richness and heterozygosity, and spatio-temporal fluctuations in population abundance has emerged as an important tool for understanding demographic and evolutionary processes in natural populations. This so-called 'genetic monitoring' was conducted across 12 consecutive years (1996-2007) at three sites for the feral cat, introduced onto the Kerguelen Archipelago fifty years ago. Temporal changes in allelic richness and heterozygosity at 18 microsatellite DNA loci were compared to temporal changes in the adult population abundance index, obtained by typical demographic monitoring. No association was found at the island spatial scale but we observed an association between genetic diversity and adult population indices from year to year within each study site. More particularly, the magnitude of successive increases or decreases in the adult population abundance index appeared to be the major factor linking the trajectories of genetic diversity and adult population abundance indices. Natal dispersal and/or local recruitment, both facilitated by high juvenile survival when the adult population size is small, are proposed as the major demographic processes contributing to such an observed pattern. Finally, we suggested avoiding the use of the harmonic mean as an estimator of long-term population size to study the relationships between demographic fluctuations and heterozygosity in populations characterized by strong multi-annual density fluctuations.
Codes and data regarding "Temporal dissipative structures in optical Kerr resonators with transient loss fluctuation"
<p>Here we upload codes and figure data relate to the article "Temporal dissipative structures in optical Kerr resonators with transient loss fluctuation" that was published on Optics Express (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.439212">https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.439212</a>)</p> <p>Please note that the codes have been tested using Matlab in the version of 2019a.</p> <p>The ".opj" and ".opju" files in the folder "Figure_data" can be opened via <a href="https://www.originlab.com/viewer/">the Origin viewer</a> (a free app published by Originlab)</p>
Supplementary Materials for "Temperature field, flow field and temporal fluctuations thereof 2 in ammonothermal growth of bulk GaN – transition from dis-3 solution stage to growth stage conditions"
<p>Video S1: dissolution stage (upper part of nutrient and above), Video S2: 630 dissolution stage (baffle region), Video S3: dissolution stage (top seed), Video S4: dissolution stage 631 (middle seed), Video S5: dissolution stage (bottom seed), Video S6: growth stage (upper part of 632 nutrient and above), Video S7: growth stage (baffle region), Video S8: growth stage (top seed), Video 633 S9: growth stage (middle seed), Video S10: growth stage (bottom seed).</p>
Temporal Relationship Between Motor Fluctuations and Nonmotor Fluctuations
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02060695. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Spatial variation buffers temporal fluctuations in early juvenile survival for an endangered Pacific salmon
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Data from: Linking genetic diversity and temporal fluctuations in population abundance of the introduced feral cat (Felis silvestris catus) on the Kerguelen Archipelago.
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Data from: Temporally autocorrelated environmental fluctuations inhibit the evolution of stress tolerance
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Data from: Adaptation to temporally fluctuating environments by the evolution of maternal effects
All organisms live in temporally fluctuating environments. Theory predicts that the evolution of deterministic maternal effects (i.e., anticipatory maternal effects or transgenerational phenotypic plasticity) underlies adaptation to environments that fluctuate in a predictably alternating fashion over maternal-offspring generations. In contrast, randomizing maternal effects (i.e., diversifying and conservative bet-hedging), are expected to evolve in response to unpredictably fluctuating environments. Although maternal effects are common, evidence for their adaptive significance is equivocal since they can easily evolve as a correlated response to maternal selection and may or may not increase the future fitness of offspring. Using the hermaphroditic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we here show that the experimental evolution of maternal glycogen provisioning underlies adaptation to a fluctuating normoxia–anoxia hatching environment by increasing embryo survival under anoxia. In strictly alternating environments, we found that hermaphrodites evolved the ability to increase embryo glycogen provisioning when they experienced normoxia and to decrease embryo glycogen provisioning when they experienced anoxia. At odds with existing theory, however, populations facing irregularly fluctuating normoxia–anoxia hatching environments failed to evolve randomizing maternal effects. Instead, adaptation in these populations may have occurred through the evolution of fitness effects that percolate over multiple generations, as they maintained considerably high expected growth rates during experimental evolution despite evolving reduced fecundity and reduced embryo survival under one or two generations of anoxia. We develop theoretical models that explain why adaptation to a wide range of patterns of environmental fluctuations hinges on the existence of deterministic maternal effects, and that such deterministic maternal effects are more likely to contribute to adaptation than randomizing maternal effects.
Figure 4 from: Ferreira RL, Martins VM, Paixão ER, Silva MS (2015) Spatial and temporal fluctuations of the abundance of Neotropical cave-dwelling moth Hypena sp. (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) influenced by temperature and humidity. Subterranean Biology 16: 47-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.5137
Figure 4 - Spatial distribution maps of Hypena sp. demonstrating different densities between seasons. In the dry seasons (17/07/1999 and 10/07/2000) individuals are located in the deepest region of the cave, an opposite pattern during rainy seasons (16/01/2000 and 19/01/2001) when the population of individuals becomes denser in the region near the cave entrance. Blue colors indicate low densities while light yellow colors indicate high densities.
Figure 1 from: Ferreira RL, Martins VM, Paixão ER, Silva MS (2015) Spatial and temporal fluctuations of the abundance of Neotropical cave-dwelling moth Hypena sp. (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) influenced by temperature and humidity. Subterranean Biology 16: 47-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.5137
Figure 1 - A Photograph indicating the cave entrance and the surrounding region, whose native forest was turned into pasture B Conduit located in the area near the entrance C Individuals of Hypena sp. resting on the cave wall.
Figure 3 from: Ferreira RL, Martins VM, Paixão ER, Silva MS (2015) Spatial and temporal fluctuations of the abundance of Neotropical cave-dwelling moth Hypena sp. (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) influenced by temperature and humidity. Subterranean Biology 16: 47-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.5137
Figure 3 - Spatial Point Pattern Analysis of the second monitoring (January 2000). A Dot map and (B), shows the estimations of the function K (r is the distance argument, Dashed line corresponds to the theoretical value of this function is Complete Spatial Randomness and solid lineis the Observed value of the K function for the date pattern) C Map Kernel Estimates of intensity.
Figure 2 from: Ferreira RL, Martins VM, Paixão ER, Silva MS (2015) Spatial and temporal fluctuations of the abundance of Neotropical cave-dwelling moth Hypena sp. (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) influenced by temperature and humidity. Subterranean Biology 16: 47-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.16.5137
Figure 2 - A Variation in temperature and humidity along the Taboa cave, showing a tendency to stabilize in the deeper parts of the cave. The table shows the section in which the Hypena sp specimens were collected (B) Change in abundance over the transects, the arrow indicates the spatial extent where the effects of the surface seasonality promote decrease and expansion in the population distribution.
Data from: Adaptation to temporally fluctuating environments by the evolution of maternal effects
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Data from: Evolution of transcription networks in response to temporal fluctuations
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Data from: Large-scale network integration in the human brain tracks temporal fluctuations in memory encoding performance
Although activation/deactivation of specific brain regions have been shown to be predictive of successful memory encoding, the relationship between time-varying large-scale brain networks and fluctuations of memory encoding performance remains unclear. Here we investigated time-varying functional connectivity patterns across the human brain in periods of 30-40 s, which have recently been implicated in various cognitive functions. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants performed a memory encoding task, and their performance was assessed with a subsequent surprise memory test. A graph analysis of functional connectivity patterns revealed that increased integration of the subcortical, default-mode, salience, and visual subnetworks with other subnetworks is a hallmark of successful memory encoding. Moreover, multivariate analysis using the graph metrics of integration reliably classified the brain network states into the period of high (vs. low) memo ry encoding performance. Our findings suggest that a diverse set of brain systems dynamically interact to support successful memory encoding.
Data from: Large-scale network integration in the human brain tracks temporal fluctuations in memory encoding performance
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.