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D-PLACE dataset derived from Jenkins et al. 2013 'Global patterns of terrestrial vertebrate diversity and conservation'
<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Jenkins CN, Pimm SL, Joppa LN. Global patterns of terrestrial vertebrate diversity and conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013;110: E2602–E2610.</p> </blockquote>
Fig. 1. A in Terrestrial Vertebrates Of Post-Quarrying Sites In The Donbas Region Of Ukraine
Fig. 1. A digital elevation model (DEM): exemplified for the Amvrosievka quarry site (legend: meters above sea level).
Macroecological correlates of Darwinian shortfalls across terrestrial vertebrates
<p>Most described species have not been explicitly included in phylogenetic trees—a problem named the Darwinian shortfall—due to a lack of molecular and/or morphological data, thus hampering the explicit incorporation of evolution into large-scale biodiversity analyses. We investigate potential drivers of the Darwinian shortfall in tetrapods, a group where at least one-third of described species still lack phylogenetic data, thus necessitating the imputation of their evolutionary relationships in fully-sampled phylogenies. We show that the number of preserved specimens in scientific collections is the main driver of phylogenetic knowledge accumulation, highlighting the major role of biological collections in unveiling novel biodiversity data and the importance of continued sampling efforts to reduce knowledge gaps. Additionally, large-bodied and wide-ranged species, as well as terrestrial and aquatic amphibians and reptiles, are phylogenetically better known. Therefore, future efforts should prioritize phylogenetic research on organisms that are narrow-ranged, small-bodied, and underrepresented in scientific collections, such as fossorial species. Addressing the Darwinian shortfall will be imperative for advancing our understanding of evolutionary drivers shaping biodiversity patterns and implementing comprehensive conservation strategies.</p>
Fig. 1 in Observations of terrestrial vertebrates at South Coastal Kenya: a short note
Fig. 1. Reptile species observed: a - Trachylepis maculilabris, b - Varanus niloticus, c - Agama lionotus, d - Lygodactylus mombasicus, e - Cryptoblepharus africanus, f - Hemidactylus platycephalus, g - H. turcicus, h - H. mabouia (d, photo: Julia Georgieva, all the rest D. Georgiev).
Fig. 1 in New Quaternary remains of terrestrial vertebrates of some caves in Bulgaria
Fig. 1. Skull fragment of a juvenile cave bear found in Kokalenata Cave near Balgarka hut, Stara Planina Mts (26.06.2012).
Fig. 3 in Synopsis of the terrestrial vertebrate faunas from the Middle Kura Basin (Eastern Georgia and Western Azerbaijan, South Caucasus)
Fig. 3. Fossil terrestrial mammal sites in Middle Kura Foreland Basin. 1, Iagluja; 2, Tetri Udabnos Seri; 3, Udabno; 4, Kushkuna; 5, Dzedzvtakhevi; 6, Kvabebi; 7, Zemo Melaani; 8, Chachuna; 9, Kotsakhuri; 10, Taribana; 11, Dzhaparidze; 12, Eldari; 13, Palantokan; 14, Yenikend; 15, Vashlovani; 16, Qirmizi Samukh; 17, Kvemo Kedi; 18, Duzdag; 19, Almaly; 20, Karadja.
Fig. 2 in Synopsis of the terrestrial vertebrate faunas from the Middle Kura Basin (Eastern Georgia and Western Azerbaijan, South Caucasus)
Fig. 2. The scheme of migration of the lithofacies of the Miocene deposits of South Kakheti (Middle Kura Basin), adapted from Buleishvili (1960). The Khersonian continental facies, variegated clay of the Eladri Formation, are the thickest in the south-western part of the area; the transition of this continental formation into marine deposits can be traced starting from the Ravine Dibzis; and the marine deposits are the thickest at the mountain EllyarOyugi. Abbreviations: N p, Pontian; N m, Meotian; N s 2, upper Khersonian (upper part of the upper Sarmatian); N s 1, lower Khersonian (lower part 1 1 1 3 1 3 of the upper Sarmatian); N s, Bessarabian (middle Sarmatian); N s, Volhynian (lower Sarmatian); N 2, Tarkhanian, Chokrakian, Karaganian, Konkian 1 2 1 1 1 (middle Miocene).
Fig. 1 in Synopsis of the terrestrial vertebrate faunas from the Middle Kura Basin (Eastern Georgia and Western Azerbaijan, South Caucasus)
Fig. 1. Map of the Caucasus region showing the Tertiary foreland basins. Modified after Mauvilly et al. (2016); Mauvilly (2017). Topographic map from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) earth explorer web-based platform https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov. FB, foreland basin.
Figure 11 in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 11. Rate and amount of heat gain and loss in animals the size of adults of Eusthenopteron, Panderichthys, Acanthostega and Ichthyostega (~1 m), and smaller tetrapods. Ambient water temperature is 20 ∞C, and ambient air temperature is 30 ∞C. On the left, time of emergence from the water, on the right, return to the water.
Figure 5 in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 5. On the left, amphibian trackway from the Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) of the Horton Bluff Formation, Hantsport, Nova Scotia, Redpath Museum, McGill University RM 20.6777. Tail drag indicates that the trackway was made on land. Note similarity with diagram of a trackway from the Upper Carboniferous on the right (from Baird, 1952).
Figure 1. Structural changes between fish and tetrapods. A in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 1. Structural changes between fish and tetrapods. A, Eusthenopteron, the most thoroughly known Upper Devonian choanate sarcopterygian (from Andrews & Westoll, 1970). B, Panderichthys, an Upper Devonian fish intermediate between Eusthenopteron and the Upper Devonian amphibians (from Vorobyeva & Schultze, 1991). C, the Upper Devonian amphibian Acanthostega (Coates & Clack, 1995). D, the Upper Devonian amphibian Ichthyostega (from Coates & Clack, 1995). More details of the forelimb have since been discovered (Clack, Blom & Ahlberg, 2003). Animals are reproduced at approximately equal head/trunk lengths.
Figure 4 in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 4. Diagram from Clack (2002a) showing how an Acanthostega-like tetrapod might produce tracks like those known from the Upper Devonian Genoa Locality in Australia.
Figure 9. A in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 9. A, posterior trunk through anterior caudal ribs of A, the Permian seymouriamorph Kotlassia, and B, the Upper Devonian Acanthostega, showing the clear distinction of the sacral ribs for attachment with the dorsal process of the ilium (from Coates, 1996).
Figure 3 in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 3. Fore and hind limbs of Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous tetrapods. A, B, Acanthostega, from the Famennian (Uppermost Devonian). C, Ichthyostega, from the Famennian. D, E, Tulerpeton, Famennian. F, G, the temnospondyl Balenerpeton, Lower Carboniferous (Viséan). H, the stem amniote Westlothiana, Viséan. I, the colosteid Greererpeton, Lower Carboniferous (Namurian A). A, B, from Coates (1996); C–E, from Coates et al. (2002); F, G, from Milner & Sequeira (1994); H, from Smithson et al. (1994); I, from Godfrey (1989). Anatomical abbreviations are given in Appendix 1.
Figure 2. A in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 2. A simplified phylogeny of sarcopterygians including stem tetrapods and the base of the tetrapod crown group (from Coates et al., 2002).
Figure 6 in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 6. Pelvic girdles of Eusthenopteron and Upper Devonian and Permo-Carboniferous tetrapods. A, B, lateral and dorsal views of the pelvic girdle of Eusthenopteron (from Andrews & Westoll, 1970). C–E, lateral, ventral and anterior views of the pelvic girdle of Acanthostega (from Coates, 1996). E is a composite of his figures 9c and 20a, with rib proportions from figure 11. F, lateral view of the pelvis of Ichthyostega from Jarvik (1980). G, lateral view of the pelvis of the Lower Carboniferous whatcheerid Whatcheeria (after Lombard & Bolt, 1995). H, lateral view of the pelvis of the Lower Carboniferous anthracosaur Proterogyrinus from Holmes (1984). I, lateral and ventral views of the pelvis of the Upper Carboniferous temnospondyl Dendrerpeton (from Holmes, Carroll & Reisz, 1998). J, lateral and ventral views of the Lower Permian amniote Captorhinus (from Holmes, 2003). Anatomical abbreviations are given in Appendix 1.
Figure 7. Pectoral girdles. A, B in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 7. Pectoral girdles. A, B, lateral and ventral views of the pectoral girdle of Eusthenopteron (from Jarvik, 1980). C, D, lateral and composite dorsal and ventral views of Acanthostega (from Coates, 1996).
Data from: Holistic monitoring of aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates by camera trapping and aquatic environmental DNA
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Data from: Global spatiotemporal patterns of demographic fluctuations in terrestrial vertebrates during the Late Pleistocene
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Long-term abundance time-series of the High Arctic terrestrial vertebrate community of Bylot Island, Nunavut
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OpenNeuro
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