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11 results for “threatened species management”
Data from: A shift to metapopulation genetic management for persistence of a species threatened by fragmentation: the case of an endangered Australian freshwater fish
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Landscape-scale dynamics of a threatened species respond to local-scale conservation management
<p><span>Landscape-scale approaches are increasingly advocated for species conservation but ensuring landscape level persistence by enlarging the size of patches or increasing their physical connectivity is often impractical. Here, we test how such barriers can be overcome by management of habitat at the local (site-based) level, using a rare butterfly as an exemplar. We used four surveys of the entire UK distribution of the Lulworth Skipper (<em>Thymelicus</em> <em>acteon</em>) over 40 years to test how local habitat influences population density and colonization / extinction dynamics, and parameterized, validated and applied a metapopulation model to simulate effects of varying local habitat quality on regional persistence. We found the total number of populations in four distribution snapshots between 1978 and 2017 varied between 59–84, and from 1997 to 2017, 34% of local populations showed turnover (colonization or extinction). Population density was closely linked to vegetation characteristics indicative of management, namely height and food plant frequency, both of which changed through time. Simulating effects of habitat quality on metapopulation dynamics 40 years into the future suggests coordinated changes to two key components of quality (vegetation height and food plant frequency) would increase patch occupancy above the range observed in the past 40 years (50–80%). In contrast, deterioration of either component below threshold levels leads to metapopulation retraction to core sub-networks of patches, or eventual extirpation. Our results indicate that changes to habitat quality can overcome constraints imposed by habitat patch area and spatial location on relative rates of colonization and local extinction, demonstrating the sensitivity of regional dynamics to targeted in situ management. Local habitat management therefore plays a key role in landscape-scale conservation. Monitoring of population density, and the monitoring and management of local (site-level) habitat quality, therefore represent effective and important components of conservation strategies in fragmented landscapes.</span></p>
Landscape-scale dynamics of a threatened species respond to local-scale conservation management
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FIG. 5 in Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species
FIG. 5. (A) Crawfish Frog movement from Nate's Pond (Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife Area-West, Greene County, Indiana). One-third of juvenile Crawfish Frogs that metamorphosed at Nate's Pond dispersed to nearby wetlands to breed. Two-thirds of juveniles returned to Nate's to breed. Numbers in parentheses represent counts of individuals. The sizes of the arrows are proportional to the number of individuals. (B) A subset of adult Crawfish Frogs shifted breeding wetlands between years. Colors match the initial wetland from which frogs emigrated. Numbers indicate counts of individuals moving between wetlands. Scale bar ¼ 500 m.
FIG. 4 in Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species
FIG. 4. Retention of juvenile Crawfish Frogs released at artificial burrows west of Nate's Pond (Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife AreaWest, Greene County, Indiana). From 24 June–1 August 2015, we used wildlife cameras to determine burrow occupancy. We defined snake predation as instances when frogs no longer appeared after a snake was photographed at burrows. Snake predation (n ¼ 10) and an unknown case of mortality (n¼ 1) are noted.
FIG. 1 in Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species
FIG. 1. Crawfish Frog breeding wetlands (n ¼ 6) at Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife Area-West (HFWA-W; Greene County, Indiana). We encircled Nate's and Cattail ponds (bolded text) with drift fence/pitfall trap arrays in 2009– 2016 and sampled at the remaining wetlands (Big, Erosion Control [EC], New, and Nate's Jr.) using funnel traps. We monitored Crawfish Frog breeding (late February through early May) and metamorphosis (mid-June through early August) at Nate's and Cattail, and only breeding at the remaining wetlands. The yellow outline indicates the boundary of HFWAW. Scale bar ¼ 1 km.
FIG. 2 in Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species
FIG. 2. (A) Newly metamorphosed juvenile Crawfish Frogs at Nate's Pond (Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife Area-West, Greene County, Indiana) exited with no specific directionality in 2009–2011 and 2014. Exiting frogs were captured by pitfall traps (indicated by yellow squares) positioned every 10 m along the drift fence. Sizes of trap squares are proportional to the number of juveniles exiting from each trap. Numbers next to the traps show the proportion of juveniles exiting from that trap, averaged across the years. (B) Post-breeding adult Crawfish Frogs exhibited a strong tendency to exit Nate's Pond towards the southeast, presumably in the direction of their primary burrow (Heemeyer and Lannoo, 2012). A smaller subset of adults exited east; a much smaller subset exited west. Sizes of trap squares are proportional to the ratio of adults versus juveniles exiting from each trap. We included adults that originated from Nate's Pond and were captured in 2013–2016, and excluded those from 2012 (small sample size, n ¼ 14). We included juveniles captured in 2009–2011 and 2014, and excluded years with small sample sizes (2013, n ¼ 8) and no recruitment (2012 and 2015). Scale bar ¼ 50 m.
Data from: Maintaining animal assemblages through single-species management: the case of threatened caribou in boreal forest
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Data from: Pedigree analysis reveals a generational decline in reproductive success of captive Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii): implications for captive management of threatened species
Captive breeding programs are an increasingly popular tool to augment the conservation of threatened wild populations. Many programs keep detailed pedigrees, which are used to prescribe breeding targets to meet demographic and genetic goals. Annual breeding targets are based on previous productivity, but do not account for changes in reproductive success that may occur over generations in captivity and which may impair the ability of a program to meet its goals. We utilise a large studbook from the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) captive breeding program to investigate biological, genetic and environmental factors that affect variation in reproductive success among individuals and over generations of captive breeding. Reproductive success declined with increasing generations in captivity: wild-born females had a 56.5% chance of producing a litter compared to a 2.8% chance for generation 5 captive-born females (N = 182) and when they did, wild-born females produced more offspring (3.1 joeys, 95% CI: 2.76 - 3.38, compared to 2.7 joeys, 95% CI: 2.55 - 2.90, in captive-born females [N = 105]). Reproductive success also declined as dam age at first breeding increased. Our results reveal a conflict with the widely-cited conservation strategy to limit opportunity for selection by extending generation length through delaying reproduction, as captive breeding programs that delay female breeding with this goal in mind risk reduced productivity. Our data demonstrate the benefit of pedigree analysis to identify biological processes that reveal crucial trade-offs with conservation best-practice.
Data from: Pedigree analysis reveals a generational decline in reproductive success of captive Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii): implications for captive management of threatened species
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FIG. 3 in Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species
FIG. 3. Movements of telemetered juvenile Crawfish Frogs after release near their natal wetland, Nate's Pond (Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife AreaWest, Greene County, Indiana). Individuals tracked in 2011 (n ¼ 25) are separated into (A) and (B) to reduce confusion from crossing telemetered paths. We released all the juveniles at the same point (the centered yellow circle) and attempted to relocate individuals every morning during the daylight. We released telemetered juveniles in 2015 (n ¼ 12) at artificial burrows created between 5 and 330 meters from the drift fence (C). Each colored circle represents a relocation point for an individual. The largest circle for each colored path indicates the artificial burrow release site for that individual. Large circles without lines show frogs that did not disperse. Black arrows indicate Nate's Pond. Scale bar ¼ 100 m.
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OpenNeuro
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