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15 results for “tiger salamander”
Fig. 3 in Acute mortality in California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) and Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) caused by Ribeiroia ondatrae (Class: Trematoda)
Fig. 3. Ribeiroia ondatrae cercaria from Planorbella sp. collected from Ellicott Pond in Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Santa Cruz County, California, U.S.A.
Fig. 4 in Acute mortality in California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) and Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) caused by Ribeiroia ondatrae (Class: Trematoda)
Fig. 4. Molecular phylogenetic analysis by Maximum Likelihood method based on the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano plus G model with 500 bootstrap replications based on partial 28S rRNA gene sequences of Ribeiroia ondatrae metacercariae from California tiger salamanders (Ambystoma californiense), cercariae from Planorbella sp. and sequences of R. ondatrae publicly available in GenBank with Notocotylus attenuatus as an outgroup. Tree is drawn to scale with branch lengths measure in the number of substitutions per site. The analysis involved 13 nucleotide sequences. All positions with less than 95% site coverage were eliminated. There was a total of 1189 positions in the final dataset.
Fig. 2 in Acute mortality in California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) and Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) caused by Ribeiroia ondatrae (Class: Trematoda)
Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of California tiger salamanders (Ambystoma californiense) in late-stage metamorphosis from a mortality event in the Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge in Santa Cruz County, California, U.S.A. (A) Cross-section of dorsal tail showing widespread ulcerative dermatitis with superficial serocellular crust formation and intralesional metacercariae (asterisk) (H&E). (B) Metacercariae (asterisk) associated with mixed cellular to granulomatous inflammation widespread in the gills and subcutis (PAS). Inset: Encysted metacercariae are surrounded by mixed-cellular to granulomatous to infiltrate (H&E).
Fig. 1 in Acute mortality in California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) and Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) caused by Ribeiroia ondatrae (Class: Trematoda)
Fig. 1. Gross photographs of ethanol-fixed salamanders in late-stage metamorphosis from a mortality event in the Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge (ESNWR) in Santa Cruz County, California, U.S.A. showing integumentary lesions. (A) California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) exhibiting an extensive roughening of the skin with multifocal ulceration around the eyes, gular fold, and dorsal tail (arrows). (B) Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) with ulceration and crust formation on the gular fold and base of the tail (arrow).
Assessing hybrid vigor using the thermal sensitivity of physiological trade-offs in tiger salamanders
<ol> <li>Hybridization between species affects biodiversity and population sustainability in numerous ways, many of which depend on the fitness of the hybrid relative to the parental species. Hybrids can exhibit fitter phenotypes compared to the parental lineages, and this 'hybrid vigor' can then lead to the extinction of one or both parental lines.</li> <li>In this study, we analyzed the relationship between water loss and gas exchange to compare physiological performance among three tiger salamander genotypes – the native California tiger salamander (CTS), the invasive barred tiger salamanders (BTS), and CTS x BTS hybrids across multiple temperatures (13.5°C, 20.5°C, and 23.5°C). We developed a new index of performance, the water-gas exchange ratio (WGER), which we define as the ratio of gas exchange to evaporative water loss (µL VO<sub>2</sub>/µL H<sub>2</sub>O). The ratio describes the ability of an organism to support energetically costly activities with high levels of gas exchange while simultaneously limiting water loss to lower desiccation risk. We used flow-through respirometry to measure the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate and resistance to water loss of each salamander genotype to compare indices of physiological performance.</li> <li>We found that temperature had a significant effect on metabolic rate and resistance to water loss, with both traits increasing as temperatures warmed. Across genotypes, we found that hybrids have a higher WGER than the native CTS, owing to a higher metabolic rate despite having a lower resistance to water loss.</li> <li>These results provide greater insight into the physiological mechanisms driving hybrid vigor and offer a potential explanation for the rapid spread of salamander hybrids. More broadly, our introduction of the WGER may allow for species- or lineage-wide comparisons of physiological performance across changing environmental conditions, highlighting the insight that can be gleaned from multi-trait analysis of organism performance.</li> </ol>
Assessing hybrid vigor using the thermal sensitivity of physiological trade-offs in tiger salamanders
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Figure 2 in Distribution of tiger salamanders in northern Sonora, Mexico: comparison of sampling methods and possible implications for an endangered subspecies
Figure 2. Relationship between mean volume filtered and mean DNA index (±95% confidence interval) for sites where we detected Western Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) with eDNA methods. For every 1% increase in volume of water filtered, DNA recovered decreased by 1.42% (DNA Index = e1.54 [95%CI = 4.14] × Volume (ml) −1.42 [95%CI = 0.80]; R2 = 0.25).
Figure 3 in Distribution of tiger salamanders in northern Sonora, Mexico: comparison of sampling methods and possible implications for an endangered subspecies
Figure 3. Effect of total aquatic vegetation (standardized) on detection of Western Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium; ±95% confidence interval), based on all sampling methods. Total aquatic vegetation is the sum of percent cover of emergent vegetation, submerged vegetation, and algae.
Figure 1 in Distribution of tiger salamanders in northern Sonora, Mexico: comparison of sampling methods and possible implications for an endangered subspecies
Figure 1. Waterbodies sampled for Western Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) and sub-species in northern Sonora, Mexico, during 2015-2018. Yellow circles indicate locations where salamanders were estimated to be present, white circles indicate where salamanders were not detected, and turquoise triangles indicate sites where Jones et al. (1988) sampled in 1983 and did not detect A. mavortium. The red star indicates the approximate location of Cananea, Sonora.
Data from: Parallel tagged amplicon sequencing reveals major lineages and phylogenetic structure in the North American tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) species complex
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Data from: Comparative transcriptomics and gene expression in larval tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) gill and lung tissues as revealed by pyrosequencing
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Data from: The effects of contig length and depth on the estimation of SNP frequencies, and the relative abundance of SNPs in protein-coding and non-coding transcripts of tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum)
BACKGROUND: Next-generation sequencing methods have contributed to rapid progress in the fields of genomics and population genetics. Using this high-throughput and cost-effective technology, a number of studies have estimated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequency by calculating the mean number of SNPs per unit sequence length (e.g., mean SNPs/kb). However, both read length and contig depth are highly variable and thus raise doubt about simple methods of SNP frequency estimation. RESULTS: We used 454 pyrosequencing to identify 2,980 putative SNPs in the eastern tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum) transcriptome, then constructed analytical models to estimate SNP frequency. The model which considered only contig length (i.e., the method employed in most published papers) was evaluated with very poor likelihood. Our most robust model considered read depth as well as contig length, and was 7.5 × 1055 times more likely than the length-only model. Using this novel modeling approach, we estimated SNP frequency in protein-coding (mRNA) and non-coding transcripts (e.g., small RNAs). We found little difference in SNP frequency in the contigs, but we found a trend of a higher frequency of SNPs in long contigs representing non-coding transcripts relative to protein-coding transcripts. These results support the hypothesis that long non-coding transcripts are less conserved than long protein-coding transcripts. CONCLUSIONS: A modeling approach (i.e., using multiple model construction and model selection approaches) can be a powerful tool for identifying selection on specific functional sequence groups by comparing the frequency and distribution of polymorphisms.
Data from: The effects of contig length and depth on the estimation of SNP frequencies, and the relative abundance of SNPs in protein-coding and non-coding transcripts of tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum)
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Data from: Comparative limb bone loading in the humerus and femur of the tiger salamander: testing the ‘mixed-chain’ hypothesis for skeletal safety factors
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Allele specific expression and gene regulation help explain transgressive thermal tolerance in non-native hybrids of the endangered California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense)
GEO Series GSE137607. Ambystoma californiense. 99 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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