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41 results for “tomato resistance”
Figure 4 in Efficiency of some commercial stimulants in inducing tomato resistance to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Figure 4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the upper-surface of leaves sprayed with water (control), Silical®, Postar®, and Ultrafit® to visualize the diversity of trichome types (glandular: GT and non-glandular: NGT) and densities for tomato cultivars K-186 F1 and 023 F1.
Figure 2 in Efficiency of some commercial stimulants in inducing tomato resistance to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Figure 2. Population of movable stages of Tetranychus urticae on tomato leaves over old 3–13 weeks after transplanting for two cultivars treated with commercial stimulants during the 2017 and 2018 summer seasons. Ultrafat * applied by adding to soil below the plants. Columns with the same letter represent means that are not significantly different according to Tukey's multiple range test (p <0.05). Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean (n = 36).
Figure 1 in Efficiency of some commercial stimulants in inducing tomato resistance to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Figure 1. Population of movable stages of Tetranychus urticae on tomato leaves of several plant ages for cultivars K186 F1 and 023 F1 treated with some commercial stimulants during the 2017 (A) and 2018 (B) summer seasons. Population at three weeks after transplanting was immediately before treatment. Columns with the same letter represent means that are not significantly different according to Tukey's multiple range test (p <0.05). Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean (n = 21).
Figure 3 in Efficiency of some commercial stimulants in inducing tomato resistance to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Figure 3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the lower-surface of leaves sprayed with water (control), Silical®, Postar®, and Ultrafit® to visualize the diversity of trichome types (glandular: GT and non-glandular: NGT) and densities for tomato cultivars K-186 F1 and 023 F1.
Dataset for agronomic, quality and resistance traits in tomato BRESOV materials
<p>Different dataset for agronomic data, qualitative data and resistances to pathogens related to tomato BRESOV material</p>
Fig. 4 in Acaricide efficacy and resistance in South Carolina tomato populations of twospotted spider mite
Fig. 4. LC50 values (± 95% confidence interval) for 7 AIs screened against a known-susceptible lab colony and 3 field-collected populations of Tetranychus urticae. When present, the dashed line indicates the amount of AI in the maximum labelled field rate. This value also is indicated in each graph by "FR=". The resistance ratio of each AI × population is written above each data point.
Fig. 1 in Acaricide efficacy and resistance in South Carolina tomato populations of twospotted spider mite
Fig. 1. Mean (± SE) spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) counts per tomato leaflet in a 2015 and 2016 acaricide efficacy trial conducted in South Carolina, USA. Arrows indicate dates of acaricide applications. Treatments with the same letter within a date are not statistically different (lsmeans P> 0.05). "ns" indicates that the overall model was not significant. The dotted line represents the action threshold for spider mites in tomato (2 per leaflet).
Fig. 2 in Acaricide efficacy and resistance in South Carolina tomato populations of twospotted spider mite
Fig. 2. Mean (± SE) cumulative mite d of Tetranychus urticae in a 2015 and 2016 acaricide efficacy trial conducted in South Carolina, USA. Arrows indicate dates of acaricide applications. Treatments with the same letter within a date are not statistically different (lsmeans P> 0.05). "ns" indicates that the overall model was not significant.
Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to early blight in tomato
<p>Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to early blight in tomato (1135884)</p>
Population studies of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense reveal geographically structured major gene-mediated pathogen resistance
<p>Natural plant populations encounter strong pathogen pressure and defense-associated genes are known to be under selection dependent on the pressure by the pathogens. Here we use populations of the wild tomato Solanum chilense to investigate natural resistance against Cladosporium fulvum, a well-known ascomycete pathogen of domesticated tomatoes. Host populations used are from distinct geographical origins and share a defined evolutionary history. We show that distinct populations of S. chilense differ in resistance against the pathogen. Screening for major resistance gene mediated pathogen recognition throughout the whole species showed clear geographical differences between populations and complete loss of pathogen recognition in the south of the species range. In addition, we observed high complexity in a homologues of Cladosporium resistance (Hcr) locus, underlying the recognition of C. fulvum, in central and northern populations. Our findings show that major gene mediated recognition specificity is diverse in a natural plant-pathosystem. We place major gene resistance in a geographical context that also defined the evolutionary history of that species. Data suggest that the underlying loci are more complex than previously anticipated, with small-scale gene recombination being possibly responsible for maintaining balanced polymorphisms in the populations that experience pathogen pressure.</p>
Population studies of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense reveal geographically structured major gene-mediated pathogen resistance
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Fig. 3. A in Bio-genetic analysis of resistance in tomato to early blight disease, Alternaria alternata
Fig. 3. A two-dimensional plot of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of ISSR data showing the clustering of 35 tomato genotypes. On PCA plot, three groups are formed and two other genotypes, namely 111 Falat American and Roma, scattered on the plot and do not fall under any of the groups. The distribution of genetic variation within, and among, groups, was detected using the molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) in GenAlEx software. Genetic variation indices, including observed number of alleles (Na) and effective numbers of alleles (Ne), Shannon's information index (I), Nei's gene diversity (H), percent of polymorphic loci (PPL), were estimated using POP-GENE software.
Fig. 1 in Bio-genetic analysis of resistance in tomato to early blight disease, Alternaria alternata
Fig. 1. Ward's clustering dendrogram of 35 tomato genotypes based on resistance to Alternaria alternata. Note: Cluster Ӏ consisted of moderately susceptible and moderately resistant genotypes, Cluster ӀӀ consisted of resistant genotypes and Cluster ӀӀӀ consisted of highly susceptible genotypes. Disease severity was assessed based on infection percent (0–100) against the scoring scales of: 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, or 100%.
Fig. 2 in Bio-genetic analysis of resistance in tomato to early blight disease, Alternaria alternata
Fig. 2. Grouping of 35 tomato genotypes and lines using the UPGMA method based on complete algorithm and Jaccard's similarity coefficient of 11 ISSR molecular markers. G1 consisted of highly susceptible genotype, G2 consisted of susceptible genotype, G3 consisted of moderately susceptible genotype, G4 consisted of moderately resistant genotype and G5 consisted of resistant genotype. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to analyze the relationship among the tomato genotypes and response variability and cluster analysis of data was performed using SPSS software.
Data from: Tomato Sl3-MMP, a member of the Matrix metalloproteinase family, is required for disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases. MMPs have been characterized in detail in mammals and shown to play key roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Although MMPs in some plant species have been identified, the function of MMPs in biotic stress responses remains elusive. Results: A total of five MMP genes were identified in tomato genome. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of Sl-MMP genes was induced with distinct patterns by infection of Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 and by treatment with defense-related hormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene precursor 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)-based knockdown of individual Sl-MMPs and disease assays indicated that silencing of Sl3-MMP resulted in reduced resistance to B. cinerea and Pst DC3000, whereas silencing of other four Sl-MMPs did not affect the disease resistance against these two pathogens. The Sl3-MMP-silenced tomato plants responded with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alerted expression of defense genes after infection of B. cinerea. Transient expression of Sl3-MMP in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana led to an enhanced resistance to B. cinerea and upregulated expression of defense-related genes. Biochemical assays revealed that the recombinant mature Sl3-MMP protein had proteolytic activities in vitro with distinct preferences for specificity of cleavage sites. The Sl3-MMP protein was targeted onto the plasma membrane of plant cells when transiently expressed in onion epidermal cells. Conclusion: VIGS-based knockdown of Sl3-MMP expression in tomato and gain-of-function transient expression of Sl3-MMP in N. benthamiana demonstrate that Sl3-MMP functions as a positive regulator of defense response against B. cinerea and Pst DC3000.
Data from: Beyond predation: the zoophytophagous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus induces tomato resistance against spider mites
Many predatory insects that prey on herbivores also feed on the plant, but it is unknown whether plants affect the performance of herbivores by responding to this phytophagy with defence induction. We investigate whether the prior presence of the omnivorous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) on tomato plants affects plant resistance against two different herbivore species. Besides plant-mediated effects of M. pygmaeus on herbivore performance, we examined whether a plant defence trait that is known to be inducible by herbivory, proteinase inhibitors (PI), may also be activated in response to the interactions of this predator with the tomato plant. We show that exposing tomato plants to the omnivorous predator M. pygmaeus reduced performance of a subsequently infesting herbivore, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, but not of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). The spider-mite infested tomato plants experience a lower herbivore load, i.e., number of eggs deposited and individuals present, when previously exposed to the zoophytophagous predator. This effect is not restricted to the exposed leaf and persists on exposed plants for at least two weeks after the removal of the predators. The decreased performance of spider mites as a result of prior exposure of the plant to M. pygmaeus is accompanied by a locally and systemically increased accumulation of transcripts and activity of proteinase inhibitors that are known to be involved in plant defence. Our results demonstrate that zoophytophagous predators can induce plant defence responses and reduce herbivore performance. Hence, the suppression of populations of certain herbivores via consumption may be strengthened by the induction of plant defences by zoophytophagous predators.
Genome assembly of a commercial tomato hybrid (Funtelle) for haplotyping an introgression that confers TMV resistance
<p>Plant crop genome assemblies facilitate the characterization of genetically diverse cultivated and wild germplasm. </p> <p>The cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has been improved through the introgression of genetic material from related wild species, including genetic resistance to pandemic strains of Tobacco Mosaic virus (TMV) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) originating from Solanum peruvianum. The exact size and the structure of the introgression from Solanum peruvianum containing the TMV/ToMV resistance gene (Tm-2^2 gene) has remained unknown, although it was known to include at least half of the physical length of chromosome 9.<br> <br> We selected a commercial cultivated tomato cultivar called Funtelle, which contains the Tm-2^2 resistance introgression in a hemizygous state, and generated Oxford Nanopore sequencing reads. Using Flye, a genome assembly tool, we assembled the reads. The assembled DNA sequences (contigs) from the Flye assembly are made available here. Subsequently, as described in detail in the associated manuscript, we made use of the assembled contigs for comprehensive haplotyping of the chromosome 9 introgression region in this commercial hybrid.<br> <br> The raw Oxford Nanopore sequencing reads of the Funtelle variety are available via the European Nucleotide Archive under project number PRJEB44956.</p>
Fig. 3 in Acaricide efficacy and resistance in South Carolina tomato populations of twospotted spider mite
Fig. 3. Median plot damage ratings in a 2016 acaricide efficacy trial conducted in South Carolina, USA. The dashed line indicates the overall median across treatments. Plots were rated on a 1 to 10 scale, with "1" indicating no damage and "10" indicating complete leaf necrosis.
Data from: Beyond predation: the zoophytophagous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus induces tomato resistance against spider mites
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Genome assembly of a commercial tomato hybrid (Funtelle) for haplotyping an introgression that confers TMV resistance
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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