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37 results for “toxicity tests”
Interlaboratory testing of CuSO4 toxicity in the “Standardized Aquatic Microcosm” protocol consisting of multiple phytoplankton and animals in a chemically defined medium.
Four different laboratories conducted a total of ten experiments of the “Standardized Aquatic Microcosm” to test the reproducibility of results to control, low, medium, and high concentrations of CuSO4. In nine experiments, treatments consisted of six replicates of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppb Cu++. One experiment, ME74, used 0, 127, 255, 509 ppb. The purpose was to test a chemically defined medium (thus negating differences due to local water supplies) and the same 10 species of phytoplankton and 5 animals, including Daphnia. Microbes were undefined. The protocol included the weekly re-introduction of small numbers of each species to allow potential recovery from toxicity. Control microcosms had a “spring algal bloom” terminated by zooplankton grazing and multiple competitive interactions. The copper inhibited some phytoplankton more than others and killed many grazers, especially Daphnia. The data set presented several interesting statistical properties that would yield new insights. (a) The results were very similar, but the timing varied— the higher the concentration of copper, the longer the inhibition and mortality of organisms, so those at 500 ppb recovered earlier, the 1000 ppb recovered later, and at 2000 ppb most never recovered. But if compared on each sampling day, e.g., 10, 14, … to 64, results appear highly variable. (b) In at least one experiment, the toxicity of copper was challenging to demonstrate statistically because high variability in the timing of recovery of the intermediate concentration increased pooled variances. (c) The elimination of highly-sensitive dominant organisms allowed less-sensitive organisms to increase in abundance. Within natural environments, the observation that some species increase in the presence of toxic substances has been used to discredit toxicity testing without considering the relative sensitivities of competing or predatory species. (d) The competitive interactions among organisms, e.g., cyanobacteria and green alga
Individual datasets investigating combined toxicity of binary mixtures in bees from laboratory tests
<p>This excel file (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3383713) provides the individual datasets on binary mixture toxicity (mortality) in bees classified according to route and exposure patterns (i.e. oral, contact, acute and chronic) and mortality endpoints (e.g.LD<sub>50</sub>, LC<sub>50</sub>) for the honeybee (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) and wild bee species (<em>Osmia bicornis</em>, <em>Bombus terrestris</em>). 218 individual binary mixtures were collected and included in the statistical analyses with the majority of toxicological endpoints reported as lethal doses or concentrations (e.g. LD<sub>50</sub>, LC<sub>50</sub>,) for pesticides or pesticides and veterinary drugs combinations with 133, 44 and 41 mixtures reporting acute contact toxicity (i.e. topical application), chronic oral toxicity and acute oral toxicity, respectively. Combined toxicity data for binary mixtures were available as dose response data in honeybees for acute contact toxicity (n=92) and acute oral toxicity.</p> <p>The full data collection and analysis of binary mixtures are described in Carnesecchi et al., 2019 (DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105256)</p>
Figure 1 in Testing the Temporal Limits of Lures and Toxicants for Trapping Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Additional Weathering Studies of Solid Bactrocera and Zeugodacus Male Lures and Associated Insecticidal Strips
Figure 1. Captures of Zeugodacus cucurbitae males in Jackson traps containing toxicants of variable age deployed at Aloun Farm, Oahu, Hawaii. The lures were fresh in all traps and were prepared in Hawaii at the start of the test. Two fresh toxicants were included: naled in liquid CL (bar labelled L) and a DDVP strip with a CL plug (bar labelled P). The DDVP strips weathered in Arizona and Florida were tested during the same 1-day period (December 9–10, 2015). Values represent means (+ 1 SE); 12 traps were deployed per treatment. Bars marked by different letters were significantly different (Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons test).
Figure 5 in Investigation of protective effects of lithium borate on spermatogenesis and testes histopathology against cadmium-induced acute toxicity in rats
Figure 5. Testes tissue, control and LTB groups, negative COX-2 expression (AC), Cd group, severe COX-2 expressions in damaged tubules and intertubular intervals (B), LTB + Cd group, mild COX-2 expression in interstitial tissue (arrowheads) (D), IHC - P, Bar: 20µm.
Figure 4 in Investigation of protective effects of lithium borate on spermatogenesis and testes histopathology against cadmium-induced acute toxicity in rats
Figure 4. Testes tissue, Control and LTB groups, negative 8-OHdG expression (AC), Cd group, severe cytoplasmic 8-OHdG expressions in spermatocytes and spermatogonium in damaged tubules (arrowheads) (B), LTB + Cd group, mild cytoplasmic 8-OHdG expression in spermatocytes (arrowheads) (D), IHC - P, Bar: 20 µm.
Figure 3. Negative Caspase-3 in Investigation of protective effects of lithium borate on spermatogenesis and testes histopathology against cadmium-induced acute toxicity in rats
Figure 3. Negative Caspase-3 expressions in testes tissues of control and LTB groups (A and C), severe Caspase-3 expression in spermatocytes of Cd group (arrowheads) (B), mild Caspase- 3 expression in spermatocytes (arrowheads) of LTB + Cd group (D), IHC - P, Bar: 20 µm.
Figure 1 in Investigation of protective effects of lithium borate on spermatogenesis and testes histopathology against cadmium-induced acute toxicity in rats
Figure 1. Testicular tissue, normal anatomical appearance (A), oedema, hyperaemia, congestion and haemorrhage (B), normal anatomical appearance (C), moderate oedematous and mild hyperaemic (D).
Systematic Scoping Literature Review of Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro Developmental Toxicity Tests: Included publications library
<p>The publications included in the systematic scoping review conducted according to the protocol:<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/2528920">https://zenodo.org/record/2528920</a></p> <p> </p>
Single species acute lethal toxicity tests are not predictive of relative population, community and ecosystem effects of two salinity types
<p>Human mediated salinity increases are occurring in freshwaters globally, with consequent negative effects on freshwater biodiversity. Salinity comprises multiple anions and cations. While total concentrations are typically used to infer effects, individual ion concentrations and ion ratios are critical in determining effects. Moreover, estimates of toxicity from single species laboratory tests, may not accurately predict relative effects on populations, communities and ecosystems. Here we compare salinity increases from synthetic marine salts (SMS) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in an outdoor mesocosm experiment in south-eastern Australia. We found different effects of salt types on stream macroinvertebrates at the population, community, and ecosystem function levels, where similar effects were predicted from single species laboratory tests. Our results caution against the use of single species laboratory derived toxicological data to predict both environmentally safe salinity levels and the relative effects of different salt sources on freshwater biodiversity.</p>
Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Toxic Masculinity Scale Among Indonesian Nursing Students: A Psychometric Testing
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07192406. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Single species acute lethal toxicity tests are not predictive of relative population, community and ecosystem effects of two salinity types
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A test method for assessing chronic oral toxicity of a pesticide to solitary nesting orchard bees, Osmia spp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
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Integrating QSAR models predicting acute contact toxicity and mode of action profiling in honey bees (A. mellifera): Data curation using open source databases, performance testing and validation
<p>This excel file (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3755675">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3755675</a>) provides the collection of raw data used for developing the first integrative Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model using EFSA's OpenFoodTox, US-EPA ECOTOX and Pesticide Properties DataBase i) to predict acute contact toxicity (LD<sub>50</sub>) and ii) to profile the Mode of Action (MoA) of pesticides active substances in honey bees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>)<em>. </em>Chemical identifiers (e.g. SMILES, CAS n., InChI) and acute contact toxicity data (LD<sub>50</sub>) on honey bees were used to develop and validate i) a two-category QSAR model (toxic/non-toxic; n=411) (sensitivity =0.93), specificity =0.85), balanced accuracy =0.90), Matthews correlation coefficient MCC=0.78), and ii) a regression-based model (n=113) (R2=0.74; MAE=0.52). Similarly, current study proposes the first MoA profiling for 113 pesticides active substances and the first harmonised MoA classification scheme for acute contact toxicity in honey bees, including LD<sub>50s</sub> data points from three different databases such as EFSA's OpenFoodTox, US-EPA ECOTOX and Pesticide Properties DataBase. Such classification allows to further define MoAs and the target site of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) active substances, thus enabling regulators and scientists to refine chemical grouping and toxicity extrapolations for single chemicals and component-based mixture risk assessment of multiple chemicals.</p> <p>The full data collection and analysis of QSAR models, toxicity data (LD<sub>50</sub>) and Mode of Action (Moa) data are described in Carnesecchi et al., 2020 (DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139243).</p> <p>This work was supported by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) [contract number: OC/EFSA/SCER/2018/01 and NP/EFSA/AFSCO/2016/02 (Edoardo Carnesecchi)].</p>
Identifying in vitro toxicity testing approaches for (novel) proteins in the context of food and feed risk assessment
<p>Annexes to EFSA external scientific report Identifying <em>in vitro</em> toxicity testing approaches for (novel) proteins in the context of food and feed risk assessment</p>
Evaluation of in vitro rat and human airway epithelial models for acute inhalation toxicity testing
<p><em>In vivo</em> models (mostly rodents) are currently accepted by regulatory authorities for assessing acute inhalation toxicity. Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to evaluate in vitro human airway epithelial models (HAEM) as replacements for <em>in vivo</em> testing. In the current work, an organotypic <em>in vitro</em> rat airway epithelial model (RAEM), rat EpiAirway™, was developed and characterized to allow a direct comparison with the available HAEM, human EpiAirway™, in order to address potential interspecies variability in responses to harmful agents. The rat and human models were evaluated in two independent laboratories with 14 reference chemicals, selected to cover a broad range of chemical structures and reactive groups, as well as known acute animal and human toxicity responses, in three replicate rounds of experiments. Toxicity endpoints included changes in tissue viability (MTT assay), epithelial barrier integrity (TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance), and tissue morphology (histopathology). The newly developed rat EpiAirway™ model produced reproducible results across all replicate experiments in both testing laboratories. Furthermore, a high level of concordance was observed between the RAEM and HAEM toxicity responses (determined by IC<sub>25</sub>) in both laboratories, with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.78 and 0.88 when analyzed by TEER; and R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92 for both when analyzed by MTT. These results indicate that rat and human airway epithelial tissues respond similarly to acute exposures to chemicals. The new in vitro RAEM will help extrapolate to<em> in vivo</em> rat toxicity responses and support screening as part of a 3Rs program.</p>
Evaluation of an Apoptotic Test for Predicting Late Toxicities After Radiotherapy in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00893035. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 41.
Testing a Spanish Version of a Patient Toxicity Questionnaire
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01517152. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Predictive Toxicity Test Linked to Radiotherapy After Mastectomy and Immediate Implant Reconstruction
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04342546. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Evaluation of in vitro rat and human airway epithelial models for acute inhalation toxicity testing
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How to account for the uncertainty from standard toxicity tests in species sensitivity distributions: an example in non-target plants
<p>Raw data sets (.txt format) for the seven case studies in the paper entitled "How to account for the uncertainty from standard toxicity tests in species sensitivity distributions: an example in non-target plants" submitted to PLOS One in July 2020.</p>
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