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22 results for “tree crops”
TLS Z+F Imager 5010 point clouds of hybrid poplar trees from short-rotation crops after 5, 6, and 7 growing seasons
<p>The point clouds are obtained from hybrid poplar crops installed in NE Romania, managed in short rotation (SRWCs) between 5, 6, and 7 growing seasons. The crops were planted every spring, outside the growing season, at a depth of 0.6 m in the ground with two clones: AF8 and Pannonia. Rods (2-meter-long cuttings) were used as planting material at a density of 1667 trees per ha (3 x 2 m). The scanning of the sample areas (3 x 10 trees for each variant, about 6 x 10 m) was outside the growing seasons.</p><p>The 3D model was obtained using the Z+F Imager 5010 (Zoller and Fröhlich, Wangen, Germany), phase-shift type, providing a distance estimation accuracy of ±1 mm at 25 m and a nominal range of 187 m, and the tree individualization was done in CloudCompare v.2.12 (public license). A total of six station points and eight fixed targets or remarks (200 mm spheres) for co-registration were adopted for scanning. Trees included in the survey (without leaves) were marked with a ring of adhesive tape (black with yellow, 50 mm wide) at 1.4 m height on the tree spindle to adjust the results for calibration. Individually segmented trees can be sent on request, the database has a limit of 100 files. They can be converted into different formats via the CloudCompare application.</p><p>File code: clone type _ number of growing seasons _ plot number</p>
Fig. 3. Evolutionary analysis conducted through a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree between the cox1 in Detection of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma in leafoppers collected in native corn crops grown at high elevations in southeast Mexico
Fig. 3. Evolutionary analysis conducted through a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree between the cox1 mini-barcode sequences obtained for the red speckled nymphs and Idiodonus wickhami (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (both marked with a circle) with reference sequences from GenBank. Bar 5 substitution in 100 positions.
Fig. 4. Evolutionary analysis conducted through a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree between the 16S in Detection of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma in leafoppers collected in native corn crops grown at high elevations in southeast Mexico
Fig. 4. Evolutionary analysis conducted through a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree between the 16S rRNA sequences amplified in this study from phytoplasma DNA, bar 1 substitution in 100 positions. Sequences in the grey square belong to the subgroup 16SrI-B. Sequences amplified from leafoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Dalbulus elimatus marked with a circle and from Idiodonus wickhami marked with a square.
Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India (Part II)
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Forest fragmentation and habitat loss are major disruptors of plant–frugivore interactions, affecting seed dispersal and altering recruitment patterns of tree species dependent on vertebrate dispersers. In a heterogeneous production landscape (primarily tea and coffee plantations) in the southern Western Ghats, India, we <span><span>examined effects of surrounding forest cover and fruit crop size on frugivory of four rainforest bird-dispersed tree species</span></span> (<i>N</i> = 131 trees, ≥ 30 trees per species, observed for 623 h). Frugivore composition differed among the four tree species with the large-seeded <i>Canarium strictum </i>and<i> Myristica dactyloides</i> exclusively dependent on large-bodied avian frugivores, whereas, medium-seeded <i>Persea macrantha</i> and <i>Heynea trijuga </i>were predominantlyvisited by small-bodied and large-bodied avian frugivores, respectively. Using the seed-dispersal-effectiveness framework, we identified effective frugivores and examined their response to forest cover and fruit crop size. Results were idiosyncratic and governed by plant and frugivore traits. Visitations to medium-seeded <i>Persea </i>had a positive relationship with forest cover but the relationship was negative for the large-seeded <i>Myristica</i>. In addition, two of the three effective frugivores for <i>Persea </i>responded to the interactive effect of forest cover and fruit crop size<i>. </i>Frugivore visitations to <i>Hyenea</i> were not related to forest cover or fruit crop and<i> </i>there were too few visitations to <i>Canarium </i>to discern any trends<i>. </i>These results highlight the context-specific response of plant-frugivore interactions to forest cover and fruit crop size influenced by the plant and frugivore traits.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India (Part I)
<p>Forest fragmentation and habitat loss are major disruptors of plant–frugivore interactions, affecting seed dispersal and altering recruitment patterns of tree species dependent on vertebrate dispersers. In a heterogeneous production landscape (primarily tea and coffee plantations) in the southern Western Ghats, India, we <span>examined effects of surrounding forest cover and fruit crop size on frugivory of four rainforest bird-dispersed tree species</span> (<i>N</i> = 131 trees, ≥ 30 trees per species, observed for 623 h). Frugivore composition differed among the four tree species with the large-seeded <i>Canarium strictum </i>and<i> Myristica dactyloides</i> exclusively dependent on large-bodied avian frugivores, whereas, medium-seeded <i>Persea macrantha</i> and <i>Heynea trijuga </i>were predominantly visited by small-bodied and large-bodied avian frugivores, respectively. Using the seed-dispersal-effectiveness framework, we identified effective frugivores and examined their response to forest cover and fruit crop size. Results were idiosyncratic and governed by plant and frugivore traits. Visitations to medium-seeded <i>Persea </i>had a positive relationship with forest cover but the relationship was negativefor the large-seeded <i>Myristica</i>. In addition, two of the three effective frugivores for <i>Persea </i>responded to the interactive effect of forest cover and fruit crop size<i>. </i>Frugivore visitations to <i>Hyenea</i> were not related to forest cover or fruit crop and<i> </i>there were too few visitations to <i>Canarium </i>to discern any trends<i>. </i>These results highlight the context-specific response of plant-frugivore interactions to forest cover and fruit crop size influenced by the plant and frugivore traits.</p>
Data from: Comparative water use by maize, perennial crops, restored prairie, and poplar trees in the US Midwest
Water use by plant communities across years of varying water availability indicates how terrestrial water balances will respond to climate change and variability as well as to land cover change. Perennial biofuel crops, likely grown mainly on marginal lands of limited water availability, provide an example of a potentially extensive future land cover conversion. We measured growing-season evapotranspiration (ET) based on daily changes in soil profile water contents in five perennial systems—switchgrass, miscanthus, native grasses, restored prairie, and hybrid poplar—and in annual maize (corn) in a temperate humid climate (Michigan, USA). Three study years (2010, 2011 and 2013) had normal growing-season rainfall (480–610 mm) whereas 2012 was a drought year (210 mm). Over all four years, mean (±SEM) growing-season ET for perennial systems did not greatly differ from corn (496 ± 21 mm), averaging 559 (±14), 458 (±31), 573 (±37), 519 (±30), and 492 (±58) mm for switchgrass, miscanthus, native grasses, prairie, and poplar, respectively. Differences in biomass production largely determined variation in water use efficiency (WUE). Miscanthus had the highest WUE in both normal and drought years (52–67 and 43 kg dry biomass ha−1 mm−1, respectively), followed by maize (40–59 and 29 kg ha−1 mm−1); the native grasses and prairie were lower and poplar was intermediate. That measured water use by perennial systems was similar to maize across normal and drought years contrasts with earlier modeling studies and suggests that rain-fed perennial biomass crops in this climate have little impact on landscape water balances, whether replacing rain-fed maize on arable lands or successional vegetation on marginal lands. Results also suggest that crop ET rates, and thus groundwater recharge, streamflow, and lake levels, may be less sensitive to climate change than has been assumed.
A dataset for tree-crops prediction in Sentinel-2 imagery
<p>The dataset was designed for semantic-segmentation-based deep learning models and utilized in the AI4Copernicus service: "Deep network for pixel-level classification of S2 patches" in which a U-net neural network was used in order to create an AI model for tree-crops prediction.</p><p>The dataset needs to be enriched with more data. However, it can be used for initial experimentation with a U-net neural network and satellite imagery.</p>
Data from: Increased intake of tree forage by moose is associated with intake of crops rich in non-structural carbohydrates
<p>Animals representing a wide range of taxonomic groups are known to select specific food combinations to achieve a nutritionally balanced diet. The nutrient balancing hypothesis suggests that, when given the opportunity, animals select foods to achieve a particular target nutrient balance, and that balancing occurs between meals and between days. For wild ruminants who inhabit landscapes dominated by human land use, nutritionally imbalanced diets can result from ingesting agricultural crops rich in starch and sugar (non-structural carbohydrates, NC), which can be provided to them by people as supplementary feeds. Here, we test the nutrient balancing hypothesis by assessing potential effects that the ingestion of such crops by Alces alces (moose) may have on forage intake. We predicted that moose compensate for an imbalanced intake of excess NC by selecting tree forage with macro-nutritional content better suited for their rumen microbiome during wintertime. We applied DNA metabarcoding to identify plants in faecal and rumen content from the same moose during winter in Sweden. We found that the concentration of NC-rich crops in faeces predicted the presence of Picea abies (Norway spruce) in rumen samples. The finding is consistent with the prediction that moose use tree forage as a nutritionally complementary resource to balance their intake of NC-rich foods, and that they ingested P. abies in particular (normally a forage rarely eaten by moose) because it was the most readily available tree. Our finding sheds new light on the foraging behaviour of a model species in herbivore ecology, and on how habitat alterations by humans may change the behaviour of wildlife.</p>
Dataset for yield and carbon sequestration of main tree crops in Indonesia
<p>Biophysical productivity of production systems involving oil palm, rubber, cacao, coffee and coconut on mineral soil using the WaNuLCAS model developed by ICRAF. The WaNuLCAS model (van Noordwijk and Lusiana 1999; van Noordwijk et al., 2011) is a generic tree-crop growth model for a wide range of agroforestry systems that considers both aboveground (light) and belowground (soil, water, and nutrients). Yield and carbon sequestration calculation of the corresponding production systems in peatland were developed using a hybrid approach through adjusting results for mineral soil production system with productivity gaps identified through literature review. Finally, land suitability and statistical data analyses were conducted to estimate productivity of sago and pineapple.</p> <p>The dataset cover current practices and potential management improvements of tree crops cultivation that can increase the benefits to people’s livelihood while contributing to climate change mitigation and biodiversity. Results from this study, in combination with other tree-growth and forest regrowth related information, will provide a comprehensive overview on ecological and economic impact of restoration interventions ranging from improved management to ecological restoration. This dataset was created as a part of the RESTORE+ project. The details are described in a separate document (see <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7937135">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7937135</a>).</p>
Data from: Comparative water use by maize, perennial crops, restored prairie, and poplar trees in the US Midwest
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Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India (Part I)
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Data from: Increased intake of tree forage by moose is associated with intake of crops rich in non-structural carbohydrates
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Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India (Part II)
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FIGURES 15–16. Typhlodromips paramilus n in Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from rubber tree crops in the State of Bahia, Brazil, with description of two new species
FIGURES 15–16. Typhlodromips paramilus n. sp. Detail of female dorsal setae: 15. Seta Z4, 16. Seta Z5.
FIGURES 8–14. Typhlodromips paramilus n in Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from rubber tree crops in the State of Bahia, Brazil, with description of two new species
FIGURES 8–14. Typhlodromips paramilus n. sp. Female: 8. Dorsal idiosoma, 9. Ventral idiosoma, 10. Genu, tibia and tarsus of leg IV, 11. Chelicera, 12. Spermatheca. Male: 13. Spermatodactyl (frontal and lateral view), 14. Ventrianal shield.
FIGURES 1–7. Amblydromalus insolitus n in Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from rubber tree crops in the State of Bahia, Brazil, with description of two new species
FIGURES 1–7. Amblydromalus insolitus n. sp. Female: 1. Dorsal idiosoma, 2. Ventral idiosoma, 3. Chelicera, 4. Spermatheca, 5. Genu, tibia and tarsus of leg IV. Male: 6. Spermatodactyl, 7. Ventrianal shield.
Data from: Herbicides and herbivory interact to drive plant community and crop-tree establishment
Land management practices often directly alter vegetation structure and composition, but the degree to which ecological processes such as herbivory interact with management to influence biodiversity is less well understood. We hypothesized that large herbivores compound the effects of intensive forest management on early-seral plant communities and plantation establishment (i.e., tree survival and growth), and the degree of such effects is dependent on the intensity of management practices. We established 225 m2 wild ungulate (deer and elk) exclosures, nested within a manipulated gradient of management intensity (no-herbicide Control, Light herbicide, Moderate herbicide and Intensive herbicide treatments), replicated at the scale of whole harvest units (10-19 ha). Vegetation structure, composition and crop-tree responses to herbivory varied across the gradient of herbicide application during the first two years of stand establishment, with herbivory effects most evident at intermediate herbicide treatments. In the Moderate herbicide treatment – which approximates treatments applied to > 2.5 million hectares in Pacific Northwest U.S.A. – foraging by deer and elk resulted in simplified, low-cover plant communities more closely resembling the Intensive herbicide treatment. Herbivory further suppressed the growth of competing vegetation in the Light herbicide treatment, improving crop-tree survival, and providing early evidence of an ecosystem service. By changing community composition and vegetation structure, intensive forest management alters foraging selectivity and subsequent plant-herbivore interactions; initial shifts in early-seral communities are likely to influence understory plant communities and tree growth in later stages of forest development.
Boston Trustees urban garden crop and tree data
<div> <p>This dataset includes field data collected from gardens plots<strong> </strong>in 38 urban gardens across the city of Boston in 8 neighborhoods: Dorchester, East Boston, Fenway, Jamaica Plain, Mattapan, Mission Hill, Roxbury, and South End across 3 seasons: spring, summer, and fall (June 3-7, 2021; August 25-26, 2021; October 23-24, 2021). Neighborhood borders were defined by census tract block group designations available from the city <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?iT7ffU">(Department of Innovation and Technology 2021)</a>. Census data was taken from American Community Survey -1 year estimates for 2021 available from the <a href="https://www.census.gov/data/developers/data-sets/acs-1year.html">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. For each garden, all plots were hand mapped on site by researchers, enumerated, and then randomly selected using a number generator for further census. In each plot, every individual crop plant was counted and identified to species and cultivar if known or marked by gardeners. In addition, the number and species of each tree in the garden was surveyed. </p> <p>We identified each crop species (no ornamental, non-edible plants were surveyed other than communal garden trees) and classified each plant species as annual or perennial according to whether they could survive across multiple growing seasons in the temperate region and are practiced as perennial crops, ie. gardeners do not typically remove the entire plant at the end of growing season. Biennial and woody plants were all classified as perennial. We classified all crops according to USDA classifications as vegetable, fruit, grain, culinary, medicinal, and combinations of these classifications. </p> <p>We also include an R notebook with code used to generate figures and run analyses supporting the work entitled, "Rooting in place: Trees and perennials reflect permanence in urban gardens and communities" by the authors listed. A knitted html for R Markdown file is also included.</p> <p> </p> </div>
Data from: Herbicides and herbivory interact to drive plant community and crop-tree establishment
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Data from: Crop-to-wild gene flow and its fitness consequences for a wild fruit tree: towards a comprehensive conservation strategy of the wild apple in Europe
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.