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24 results for “tree hole”

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zenodo40/100

Figure 2 in Preliminary study of mosquitoes' diversity (Diptera: Culicidae) in tree holes in an Atlantic Forest reserve in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Figure 2. Detailed steps of the collection. (a) Measurement of circumference with a tape measure. (b) Removal of water with an artisanal siphon. (c) Basin for sorting immatures. / Figura 2. Detalle de las etapas de recolección. (a) Medición de la circunferencia con cinta métrica. (b) Extracción del agua con sifón artesanal. (c) Recipiente para la clasificación de inmaduros.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →
zenodo40/100

Figure 1 in Preliminary study of mosquitoes' diversity (Diptera: Culicidae) in tree holes in an Atlantic Forest reserve in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Figure 1. Location of the study area with identification of the states of Rio Grande do Norte and ParaÍba, municipality of Baia Formosa, area of the Mata Estrela Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN) and transects of the investigated hollows. Sentinel-2 images and land use and land cover classes from MapBiomas were used. / Figura 1. Ubicación del área de estudio con la identificación de los estados de Rio Grande do Norte y ParaÍba, el municipio de Baia Formosa, el área de la RPPN Mata Estrela y los transectos de las cavidades investigadas se muestran utilizando imágenes del Sentinel-2 y las clases de uso y cobertura del suelo del MapBiomas.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →
dryad36/100

Aquatic islands in the sky: 100 years of research on water-filled tree holes

<p>Water-filled tree holes are unique ecosystems that may occur high up in tree crowns like aquatic islands in the sky. Insect larvae, mesofauna and other organisms colonize the waterbodies and feed on the accumulating detritus. Water-filled tree holes are not only important habitats for these species but have been used as model systems in ecology. Here we review more than 100 years of research on tree-hole inhabiting organisms and show that most studies focus on selected or even single species (most of which are mosquitoes) whereas only few studies examine groups other than insects, especially in the tropics. Using a vote counting of results and a meta-analysis of community studies, we show that the effects of tree-hole size and resources on abundance and richness were investigated most frequently. Both were found to have a positive effect, but effect sizes were modulated by site-specific environmental variables such as temperature or precipitation. We also show that parameters such as the height of the tree holes above ground, tree-hole density, predation and detritus type can be important drivers of organism abundance or richness but are less often tested. We identify several important research gaps and potential avenues for future research. Specifically, future studies should investigate the structure, functions and temporal dynamics of tree-hole food webs and their cross-system interactions, for example with terrestrial predators that act as a connection to their terrestrial surroundings in meta-ecosystems. Global observational or experimental tree-hole studies could contribute pivotal information on spatial variation of community structure and environmental drivers of community assembly. With a better understanding of these unique aquatic habitats in terrestrial ecosystems, natural and artificial tree holes can not only serve as model systems for addressing fundamental ecological questions but also as indicator systems of the impacts of environmental change on ecosystems.</p>

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →
dryad36/100

Aquatic islands in the sky: 100 years of research on water-filled tree holes

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicAug 2023View details →
dryad36/100

Forest management and the colonization of artificial tree holes by aquatic insect larvae

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publicSep 2025View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Forest management intensity affects aquatic communities in artificial tree holes

Forest management could potentially affect organisms in all forest habitats. However, aquatic communities in water-filled tree-holes may be especially sensitive because of small population sizes, the risk of drought and potential dispersal limitation. We set up artificial tree holes in forest stands subject to different management intensities in two regions in Germany and assessed the influence of local environmental properties (tree-hole opening type, tree diameter, water volume and water temperature) as well as regional drivers (forest management intensity, tree-hole density) on tree-hole insect communities (not considering other organisms such as nematodes or rotifers), detritus content, oxygen and nutrient concentrations. In addition, we compared data from artificial tree holes with data from natural tree holes in the same area to evaluate the methodological approach of using tree-hole analogues. We found that forest management had strong effects on communities in artificial tree holes in both regions and across the season. Abundance and species richness declined, community composition shifted and detritus content declined with increasing forest management intensity. Environmental variables, such as tree-hole density and tree diameter partly explained these changes. However, dispersal limitation, indicated by effects of tree-hole density, generally showed rather weak impacts on communities. Artificial tree holes had higher water temperatures (on average 2°C higher) and oxygen concentrations (on average 25% higher) than natural tree holes. The abundance of organisms was higher but species richness was lower in artificial tree holes. Community composition differed between artificial and natural tree holes. Negative management effects were detectable in both tree-hole systems, despite their abiotic and biotic differences. Our results indicate that forest management has substantial and pervasive effects on tree-hole communities and may alter their structure and functioning. We furthermore conclude that artificial tree-hole analogues represent a useful experimental alternative to test effects of changes in forest management on natural communities.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →
zenodo32/100

FIGURE 5 in Micromoina arboricola n. gen., n. spec. (Crustacea: Cladocera), a new moinid living in a forest tree-hole in Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Micromoina arboricola sp. nov., female. A, labrum. B, outline of valve with setation. C, apex of postabdomen, lateral and dorsal view.

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →
zenodo32/100

FIGURE 10 in Micromoina arboricola n. gen., n. spec. (Crustacea: Cladocera), a new moinid living in a forest tree-hole in Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 10. Micromoina arboricola sp. nov., male P1 of four specimens, line drawings and photographs.

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →
zenodo32/100

FIGURE 1 in Micromoina arboricola n. gen., n. spec. (Crustacea: Cladocera), a new moinid living in a forest tree-hole in Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 1. General view of the vinhatico tree that contains the micro-aquarium with Micromoina gen. nov. and other microroganisms

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →
zenodo32/100

FIGURE 8 in Micromoina arboricola n. gen., n. spec. (Crustacea: Cladocera), a new moinid living in a forest tree-hole in Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 8. Micromoina arboricola sp. nov., sexual female. Ephippium in lateral and oblique dorsal view

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →
zenodo32/100

FIGURE 6 in Micromoina arboricola n. gen., n. spec. (Crustacea: Cladocera), a new moinid living in a forest tree-hole in Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 6. Micromoina arboricola sp. nov., views of four different female postabdomens, line drawings and photographs of undistorted specimens.

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →
dryad32/100

Camera-trapping records of birds and mammals visiting water-filled tree holes in the Calakmul region in southern Mexico

<p>Using camera-traps we documented that 21 bird and 9 mammal species visited water-filled tree holes (dendrotelmata) in the seasonal tropical forest of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, in southern Mexico. These species visited dendrotelmata primarily for foraging and drinking. The overall use of dendrotelmata was equally frequent between dry and rainy seasons but drinking behavior increased among birds during the dry season. This dataset includes information on the identity of visiting species, time and date of the visit, behavior of the visiting species, season (rainy/dry) in which the species was recorded, station (dendrotelma) in which the species was recorded, associated temperature and the number of individuals recorded in each visit.</p>

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Population genetic structure of the tree-hole tick Ixodes arboricola (Acari: Ixodidae) at different spatial scales

The endophilic tick Ixodes arboricola infests cavity-nesting birds, and its dispersal strongly depends on the movements of its host. Population genetic structure of I. arboricola was studied with seven polymorphic microsatellite markers. We collected 268 ticks from 76 nest boxes in four woodlots near Antwerp, Belgium. These nest boxes are mainly used by the principal hosts of I. arboricola, the great tit Parus major and the blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus. As these birds typically return to the same cavity for roosting or breeding, ticks within nest boxes were expected to be highly related, and tick populations were expected to be spatially structured among woodlots and among nest boxes within woodlots. In line with the expectations, genetic population structure was found among woodlots and among nest boxes within woodlots. Surprisingly, there was considerable genetic variation among ticks within nest boxes. This could be explained by continuous gene flow from ticks from nearby tree holes, yet this remains to be tested. A pairwise relatedness analysis conducted for all pairs of ticks within nest boxes showed that relatedness among larvae was much higher than among later instars, which suggests that larvae are the most important instar for tick dispersal. Overall, tick populations at the studied spatial scale are not as differentiated as predicted, which may influence the scale at which host–parasite evolution occurs.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →
zenodo32/100

Figure 3 in The strangest tadpole: the oophagous, tree-hole dwelling tadpole of Rhacophorus vampyrus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam

Figure 3. Rhacophorus vampyrus – reproductive biology: (A) female visiting a nest site where tadpoles occur and likely ovipositing trophic eggs; (B) a close-up of a foam nest that is attached to the wall of a phytotelmon above the water catchment; (C) ventral views of a stage 36 tadpole and a stage 41 metamorph with intestines distended with eggs; and (D) a stage 43 metamorph.

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →
zenodo32/100

Figure 2 in The strangest tadpole: the oophagous, tree-hole dwelling tadpole of Rhacophorus vampyrus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam

Figure 2. Rhacophorus vampyrus – larval anatomy at stage 28: (A) wet scanning image of the medial part of the upper jaw sheath; (B) left rectus abdominus in ventral view, anterior at top, with closed myosepta and long interseptal muscle fibres; and (C) intact viscera (1 = liver, 2 = diaphragm, 3 = intestinal pouch, 4 = intestine, 5 = pancreas and 6 = terminus of vent tube).

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →
zenodo32/100

Figure. 1 in The strangest tadpole: the oophagous, tree-hole dwelling tadpole of Rhacophorus vampyrus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam

Figure. 1. Rhacophorus vampyrus – body morphology: (A) left lateral (stage 35, 32.8 mm TL), dorsal (stage 32, 25 mm TL), and ventral (stage 32, 25 mm TL) views of tadpoles that have not fed recently; (B) anterior view of mouthparts (1 = large dorsolateral papilla derived from the greatly reduced upper labium, 2 = single, typical fleshy papilla on lower labium lateral to each labial hook, 3 = serrated upper jaw sheath, 4 = keratinized labial hook, and 5, pale dots = neuromasts; stage 27); (C) dorsal (arrows top to bottom: upper jaw sheath faintly visible through dorsum of snout and naris), ventral (arrow = spiracle), and lateral views of the body of a tadpole that has not fed recently (stage 27); (D) tail–body junction in ventral view (1 = limb bud, 2 = vent tube; stage 27); and (E) anterior left quadrant of snout in dorsal view (1 = large papilla of upper labium, 2 = neuromast, and 3 = naris; stage 27).

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →
dryad32/100

Distribution pattern of entry holes of the tree-killing bark beetle Polygraphus proximus

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publicFeb 2021View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Effects of management on aquatic tree-hole communities in temperate forests are mediated by detritus amount and water chemistry

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publicAug 2016View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Forest management intensity affects aquatic communities in artificial tree holes

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publicMay 2017View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Population genetic structure of the tree-hole tick Ixodes arboricola (Acari: Ixodidae) at different spatial scales

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publicApr 2014View details →

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