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46 results for “tree recruitment”
Effects of Warming on Tree Species Recruitment at Harvard Forest and Duke Forest since 2009
Climate change is restructuring forests of the United States, although the details of this restructuring are currently uncertain. Rising temperatures of 2 to 8 deg C and associated changes in soil moisture will shift the competitive balance between species that compete for light and water, changing their abilities to produce seed, germinate, grow, and survive. We are using large scale experiments to determine the effects of warming on the most sensitive stage of species distributions, i.e., recruitment, in mixed deciduous forests in southern New England and in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Two questions organize our proposed research: (1) Might temperate tree species near the "warm" end of their range in the eastern United States decline in abundance during the coming century due to projected warming? and (2) Might trees near the "cool" end of their range in the eastern United States increase in abundance, or extend their range, during the coming 100 years because of projected warming? To explore these questions, we are exposing seedlings to air and soil warming experiments in two eastern deciduous forest sites; one at the Harvard Forest (HF) in central Massachusetts, and the other at the Duke Forest (DF) in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. We focus on tree species common to both Harvard and Duke Forests (such as red, black, and white oaks), those near northern range limits (black oak, tulip poplar), and those near southern range limits (yellow birch, sugar maple). At each site, we plant seeds in common gardens established in temperature-controlled, open-top chambers. The experimental design is replicated and fully factorial and involves three temperature regimes (ambient, +3 deg C and +5 deg C) and two light regimes (closed forest canopy (low light) and gap conditions (high light)). Measured variables include Fall/Spring responses to temperature and mid-Summer responses to low soil moisture. This research will advance our understanding of how the abu
Tree recruitment from sites across Southern Michigan including the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI (2022)
As a result of current climate change, flooding events are becoming more frequent and lasting longer, resulting in temporal floods in areas that have not historically experienced this disturbance. One critical aspect of forest dynamics that could be significantly impacted by increasing flooding is tree species recruitment. While adult trees may be able to survive temporary flooding, establishing seedlings with shallow root systems may not. A single flooding event could jeopardize decades of recruitment if seedlings are unable to survive the anaerobic conditions imposed by higher water levels. Despite the potential impact of flooding on forest dynamics, there is little information on seedling recruitment patterns after exposure to flooding. To understand how flooding conditions could possibly be impacting forest recruitment, we conducted a field observational study across seven temperate forests. We gathered data on seedling abundance and diversity in areas with signs of recent flooding, as well as in nearby control (dry) areas. Our results document the adverse effects flooding conditions have on temperate forest recruitment dynamics, providing insights into how tree recruitment might be impacted by shifts in flooding patterns.
Probing the mechanisms by which sub-canopy evergreen shrubs inhibit tree seedling recruitment at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1999 to 2003
Two hundred 2x2 meter plots along transects and traversing 3 understory conditions; rhododendron, kalmia, open. Light conditions will be assessed for each plot and the extreme 50% will be used for experimentation. All plots will be planted to a combination of northern red oak, chestnut oak, red maple, and pitch pine. Inoculated (with mychorrizae) and non-inoculated seedlings will be planted in the plots. Relationships between performance and mychorrizal infection will be determined.
Recruitment potential of southern and local tree species at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 2003 to 2005
For the Southeast US, biogeography models predict an increase in aridity with vegetation changes from temperate deciduous forest to southern mixed forest if there are moderate temperature increases, or to savanna landscapes under drier scenarios (Bachelet et al. 2001). Given this forecast, I hypothesize that the colonization potential of coastal and more southern species in the North Carolina Piedmont and southern Appalachians will be enhanced by a warmer and drier climate. The nature of this vegetation shift will mainly depend on the adaptability of these species to the specific characteristics of the sites. Considering that recruitment is the limiting stage for successful establishment of tree populations (Harper 1977), I propose to study recruitment limitation of potential migrant species relative to local trees in two regions in North Carolina, the Piedmont and the southern Appalachian mountains. Experimental manipulations will allow the quantification of recruitment potential of non-native tree species and their performance with respect to native species. Field and greenhouse experiments will be used to develop and parameterize a model of community recruitment. I will employ the model to elucidate potential changes in forest species composition under a suite of future climate scenarios. Both data and modeling work are expected to improve our understanding about the mechanisms that may be involved in restructuring communities in the face of a changing climate.
Environment and density-dependency explain the fine-scale distribution of tree recruits before and after thinning
<p>Dataset used in the article "Environment and density-dependency explain the fine-scale distribution of tree recruits before and after thinning" in PeerJ</p>
Data from: Frugivory-mediated trophic cascades: How apex predators can shape the recruitment of a fleshy-fruited tree
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Active restoration increases tree species richness and recruitment of large-seeded taxa after 16-18 years
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Tree recruitment data for the Hubbard Brook Valley Plots, baseline data collected 1995 - 1998
The valley-wide plots are a grid of 431 sites along fifteen N–S transects established at 500-m intervals spanning the entire Hubbard Brook Valley. Multiple above- and below- ground attributes were measured between 1995 and 1998. This dataset includes tree recruitment data; soil data and other measurements are presented in separate datasets. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Recruitment limitation for three tree species in BCI, Panama
<p><span>Recruitment limitation – the failure of a species to establish recruits at an available site – is a potential determinant of plant communities' structure, causing local communities to be a limited subset of the regional species pool. Recruitment limitation results from three mechanisms: i) lack of seed sources (i.e., source limitation), ii) failure of available seeds to reach recruitment sites (i.e., dispersal limitation), and iii) failure of arrived seeds to establish at a location (i.e., establishment limitation). Here, we evaluated the relative importance of these mechanisms in three co-occurring tree species (<i>Dipteryx oleifera, Attalea butyracea</i>,<i> </i>and <i>Astrocaryum standleyanum</i>) that share seed dispersers/predators. The study was set up on Barro Colorado Island (Panama) at 62 1-ha sites with varying tree densities. Source limitation was estimated as the proportion of sites that would be reached by seeds if seeds were distributed uniformly. Dispersal limitation was estimated from the number of sites with seeds in the soil bank. Establishment limitation was evaluated by measuring germination and 1-year survival in seed addition experiments. The effect of conspecific and heterospecific densities on the mechanisms was evaluated at three spatial scales (1, 5 and 9 ha). For all species, seed predation was the most important recruitment component (~80% decrease in seed survival). Establishment varied among species and was affected by conspecific and heterospecific species densities across spatial scales. Given that species identity, distribution and seed dispersal/predation affect recruitment at multiple scales, multiscale studies are required to understand how recruitment limitation determines community structure in tropical forests. </span></p>
Data from: Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy-fruited tree
<p><span>The animal dispersal hypothesis predicts that mast seeding can increase dispersal rate of seeds by dispersers and enhance reproductive success of plants. However, in contrast to pollination efficiency and predator satiation hypothesis, the animal dispersal hypothesis has received mixed support. </span></p> <p><span>Using 12-year data on fruit production and seedling recruitment of a fleshy-fruited tree rowan (<em>Sorbus aucuparia</em>, Rosaceae), we tested if an increase in the fruit production at the population level results in higher proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. Recruitment was recorded near (under rowans) and far (under heterospecifics) from conspecifics. Higher recruitment rates under rowans would support predator satiation hypothesis. Higher recruitment rates under heterospecific trees, where fruits can only arrive with animal assistance, would support animal dispersal hypothesis.</span></p> <p><span>High population-level fruit production increased the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings both near and far from rowans. In contrast, high individual-level fruit production did not have a positive effect on the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. Population-level synchronization of fruit production is required to generate a more effective plant regeneration. Our findings show that masting enhances seedling recruitment through predator satiation and increased seed dispersal by frugivores. The results provide support for both animal dispersal and predator satiation hypotheses indicating that both mechanisms can operate simultaneously.</span></p>
Linking animal behaviour and tree recruitment: Caching decisions by a scatter hoarder corvid determine seed fate in a Mediterranean agroforestry system
<p><span>1. Seed dispersal by scatter-hoarder corvids is key for the establishment of important tree species from the Holarctic region such as the walnut (<em>Juglans regia</em>). However, the factors that drive animal decisions to cache seeds in specific locations and the consequences of these decisions on seed fate are poorly understood. </span></p> <p><span>2. We experimentally created four distinct, replicated habitat types in a Mediterranean agricultural landscape where the Eurasian magpie (<em>Pica</em> <em>pica</em>) is a common scatter-hoarder: soft bare soil; compacted bare soil; compacted soil with a dense herbaceous cover; and soft linear bare soil made up of the irrigation furrows that separated the rest of the treatments. We also experimentally placed visual landmarks (stones, sticks, and bunches of dry plants) to test if magpies use them to place seed caches. Walnut dispersal from feeders to the habitats was monitored by radio-tracking and camera traps. </span></p> <p><span>3. A sowing experiment simulating natural caches tested the effect of caching type on seed germination and seedling emergence. Seed mass was controlled for the dispersal and sowing experiments.</span></p> <p><span>4. Magpies selected the two habitats with soft soil, and avoided the one with compacted soil, to cache nuts. Seed mass did not affect dispersal distance, germination, or emergence; however, heavier seeds were cached more often under litter and in the habitat with herbaceous cover, whereas lighter seeds were more often buried in the soft bare soil habitat. Seed burial under soil or litter determined seed fate, as there was virtually no emergence from unburied nuts. There was no evidence of any effect of the visual landmarks.</span></p> <p>5. Synthesis. The consequences of seed caching for seedling early establishment are driven by a fine decision-making process of the disperser. Magpies seemed to ponder the characteristics of the habitat and the seed itself to determine where and how to cache each nut. By doing so, magpies reinforced the quality of seed dispersal effectiveness, as they cached walnuts in locations that enhanced both seed survival and seedling emergence.</p>
CO2-fertilisation enhances resilience to browsing in the recruitment phase of an encroaching savanna tree
<p>1. CO<sub>2</sub>-fertilisation is implicated in the widespread and significant woody encroachment of savannas due to CO<sub>2</sub>-stimulated increases in belowground reserves that enhance sapling regrowth after fire. However, the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]) on tree responses to the other major disturbance in savannas, herbivory, is poorly understood. Herbivory responses cannot be predicted from fire responses, as herbivore effects occur earlier during establishment and are moderated by plant palatability and defence rather than below-ground carbon accumulation.</p> <p>2. The relationship between herbivory and [CO<sub>2</sub>] is explored here using a widespread, strongly-encroaching savanna tree, <em>Vachellia</em> <em>karroo</em>. Using greenhouse-grown seedlings under past- through to predicted future-[CO<sub>2</sub>] (180–1000 ppm) and field-grown seedlings under ambient [CO<sub>2</sub>], we assessed plant survival, growth, defence and palatability.</p> <p>3. Increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] improves the tolerance of greenhouse-grown seedlings to herbivory by stimulating growth and allowing a critical size-threshold associated with survival to be reached earlier, thereby decreasing the probability of fatal herbivory during the vulnerable recruitment phase. Elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] also decreases the time taken to reach a second size-threshold linked to accelerated recovery of field-grown seedlings following herbivory. Seedling growth responses to increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] are non-linear, suggesting that historic growth- and survival enhancements are smaller than those predicted for the future. Increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] is associated with greater resistance to herbivores (more branched shoot architecture) but not leaf palatability (C:N ratio) or defence (leaf tannins and spine density).</p> <p>4. Increasing <em>V</em>. <em>karroo</em> densities already constitute a major land management problem in southern African savannas. However, encroachment by this species, and likely other savanna tree species, may be greatly exacerbated under future [CO<sub>2</sub>], as tolerance to herbivory at the recruitment stage is further enhanced. </p>
Dataset: Recruitment of pioneer trees with physically dormant seeds under climate change conditions: the case of Vachellia pennatula (Fabaceae) in semiarid environments of Mexico
<p>This repository contains the files associated with the following article:</p> <p>Sandoval-Martínez J, JA Flores-Cano and EI Badano. Recruitment of pioneer trees with physically dormant seeds under climate change conditions: the case of <em>Vachellia pennatula</em> (Fabaceae) in semiarid environments of Mexico. <em>Journal of Plant Research</em>, 135, pp. 453-463. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-022-01383-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-022-01383-y</a></p> <p>The first Microsoft Excel file contains six sheets with the microclimatic data (photosynthetic photon flux density, air temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, rainfall and soil moisture) measured at controls under the current climate and climate change simulation plots located at each experimental site (Rio Bagres and Cañada Grande). The second Microsoft Excel file contains a single sheet with the data used to estimate the seedling emergence and survival rates from scarified and unscarified seeds of <em>Vachellia pennatula</em> in controls and climate change simulation plots at each experimental site (Rio Bagres and Cañada Grande).</p>
Temperature sensitivity of tree recruitment at alpine treelines increases along latitudinal gradients
<p>Alpine treeline is highly sensitive to temperature change, and treelines worldwide have been rapidly responding to temperature warming by increasing tree density. However, often inconsistent or even conflicting results regarding the response of tree recruitment to temperature change across regions, still challenge our profound comprehension of warming-induced treeline dynamics. Here, we identified the temperature sensitivity of tree recruitment within alpine treeline ecotones (i.e., the strength of the relationship between tree recruitment and temperature change), and tested whether and how the temperature sensitivity changed along latitudinal gradients by examining 124 alpine treelines across North America and Asia. Our analyses demonstrated that temperature changes could significantly influence tree recruitment at treeline ecotones and the sensitivity of tree recruitment to temperature change was significantly and positively associated with latitude, showing that tree recruitment was more sensitive to temperature change at high latitudes than at low latitudes. Our findings highlighted the heterogeneous responses of tree recruitment at alpine treelines to temperature changes across latitudinal gradients, which should be incorporated into assessment models to improve future projections of global warming impacts across alpine ecosystems.</p>
Dataset: Recruitment responses of shade-tolerant and heliophilous trees in human-degraded areas: the necessity of knowing the recruitment autecology of species for making reforestation decisions
<p>This repository contains the files associated with the following article:</p> <p>Johanna Croce, Ernesto I. Badano, Andrés Tálamo. Recruitment responses of shade-tolerant and heliophilous trees in human-degraded areas: the necessity of knowing the recruitment autecology of species for making reforestation decisions Submitted to <em>Land Degradation & Development</em>.</p> <p>The first Microsoft Excel file (Dataset 01 - Microclimate.xlsx) contains two sheets with the microclimatic data (average, maximum and minimum soil temperatures, and volumetric soil water content) measured in Cerro Chachapoyas and Cerro Fachacano. These measurements were performed on three plots of each trearment, including shrub-protected treatment with high shade, shrub-protected treatment with medium shade, sunny treatment with high herbaceous cover, sunny treatment with medium herbaceous cover and controls. The second Microsoft Excel file (Dataset 02 -Plant responses.xlsx Dataset 02 - Plant responses.xlsx) contains three sheets with the data used to estimate the seedling emergence rates, plant survival rates and net aboveground growth rates of the tree species, including <em>Anadenanthera colubrina</em> and <em>Ceiba chodatii</em> in Cerro Chachapoyas, and <em>Jacaranda mimosifolia</em> in Cerro Fachacano.</p>
Recruitment limitation for three tree species in BCI, Panama
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Linking animal behaviour and tree recruitment: Caching decisions by a scatter hoarder corvid determine seed fate in a Mediterranean agroforestry system
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
CO2-fertilisation enhances resilience to browsing in the recruitment phase of an encroaching savanna tree
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Temperature sensitivity of tree recruitment at alpine treelines increases along latitudinal gradients
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Data from: Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy-fruited tree
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