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19 results for “triggered lightning”
Characteristics of the initial stage and return stroke currents of rocket-triggered lightning flashes in southern China
<p>This study investigates the initial stage (IS) and return stroke (RS) currents of 50 triggered lightning flashes (TLFs) that were conducted in southern China. The IS of the negative TLFs has a longer duration, and larger average current, charge transfer, and action integral than those reported elsewhere, with geometric means (GMs) of 347.9 ms, 132.5 A, 45.1 C, and 10.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> A<sup>2</sup> s, respectively. Two positive TLFs containing no RS have much greater average currents, charge transfers, and action integrals in the IS when compared with the negative TLFs. The RS has a greater peak current (17.2 kA; GM, same to below), charge transfer within 1 ms (1.3 C), and action integral within 1 ms (5.8 × 10<sup>3</sup> A<sup>2</sup> s), and shorter 10% to 90% rise time (0.4 μs) than elsewhere. The peak current is prominently correlated with the rate of rise, charge transfer within 1 ms, and action integral within 1 ms. Furthermore, when the total duration of the RS and any following continuing currents is longer than 40 ms, the peak current, charge transfer within 1 ms, and action integral within 1 ms of the RS are seldom greater than 25 kA, 2.6 C, and 15 × 10<sup>3</sup> A<sup>2</sup> s, respectively. It is indicated that TLFs containing RSs tend to have a longer duration but a smaller charge transfer during the IS than those without RS. The peak current of the RS is weakly correlated with its preceding silence period when there was no channel base current.</p>
Abnormal Upward Attempted Leaders Before the First Return Stroke of a Rocket-triggered Lightning Flash
<p><span>The electric field and optical data</span></p>
Examining the charge transfer in an unusual negative rocket-triggered lightning flash with branched upward positive leaders
<p>The data of the Case Tr_201807, figures, Optical images </p>
Underground measurement of magnetic field pulses during the early stage of rocket-triggered lightning
<p>raw data for the paper <em>Underground measurement of magnetic field pulses during the early stage of rocket-triggered lightning. </em></p>
Data from "Comprehensive observations of the wire destruction and plasma channel reestablishment process during the initial stage of triggered lightning"
<p>The attached is the dataset assoicated with the paper titled "Comprehensive observations of the wire destruction and plasma channel reestablishment process during the initial stage of triggered lightning" which was submitted to <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> . The data can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citation.</p>
Remote Sensing of Radiation Belt Energetic Electrons Using Lightning Triggered Upper Band Chorus
<p>We report very low frequency (VLF) observation of interaction of waves from atmospheric lightning with radiation belt particles. The observation provides a unique opportunity to remotely sense the dynamics of the energetic particle population in the Earth’s radiation belts and how this population leads to amplification and generation of waves.</p>
Interactions and Multifrequency Radiation Characteristics of Bidirectional Leaders in Altitude-Triggered Lightning
<p><span>Altitude-triggered lightning provides favorable conditions for the research of bidirectional leader system. In the summer of 2023, altitude-triggered lightning experiment was conducted on the Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences, China Meteorological Administration. <a name="_Hlk162343222"></a>The multifrequency radiation characteristics of bidirectional leaders and the interactions of both ends during the propagation are analyzed. Specifically, the discharge processes relevant to LF-MF magnetic radiations of bidirectional leaders can be revealed by high-speed optical images in altitude-triggered lightning, and all these LF-MF radiations correspond to VHF radiations associated with bidirectional leaders well. Unlike the close correlation between the LF-MF radiation strengths and the discharge intensities, <a name="OLE_LINK10"></a>the VHF radiation strengths vary greatly even for similar discharge events, since VHF radiations correspond to microscopic random breakdown processes. Furthermore, the changes of leader speed and channel brightness before and after the bidirectional leaders indicate that <span>the development of the two ends of bidirectional leads is mutually reinforcing.</span></span></p>
Spatiotemporal correlation between artificially triggered and adjacent natural lightning flashes
<p>Triggered lightning flash (TLF) provides a unique perspective on the relationship between spatiotemporal proximity flashes, owing to its determined location and time, convenient direction measurement, and explicit association with the charge region. In this study, 3-D lightning location, current measurement, and atmospheric average electric field (AAEF) data were used to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship of TLFs (68 samples in South China) with adjacent natural lightning flashes (NLFs). The TLF-related negative charge regions had an average core height of 5.2 km and ambient temperature of approximately −1.7 °C. The effective negative charge region (the charge density that was high enough for the occurrence of lightning discharge) can be approximately equivalent to a circle with an average diameter of 10.3 km. For approximately 93% of (all) the TLFs, no NLF channel (initiation) was located within 5 km of the flash-triggered position, within 5 s before and after their occurrence. In situations where spatiotemporally adjacent NLFs and TLFs occurred, they were either associated with different charge layers, or the same charge layer but different charge positions. Most NLFs that caused significantly sharp AAEF changes just before or after the TLFs were not associated with the TLF-related negative charge. Therefore, the recovery of the AAEF, which has usually been referenced as the timing choice of the triggering operation, was not directly associated with the TLF-related charge region. The average interval between the TLFs and NLFs that occurred within 10 min before and after the TLFs and neutralized the TLF-related negative charge was approximately 145 s.</p>
The current, electromagnetic field and optical data of a rocket-triggered lightning with two grounding points
<p> The current, electromagnetic field and optical data of a rocket-triggered lightning with two grounding points are in the Data for Dataset.zip . These files can be opened by Origin 2021 . The data supports the aforementioned manuscript and can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citation.</p>
Observed Variation of Three-dimensional Return Stroke Speeds Along the Channel in a Triggered Lightning
<p>In a manuscript entitled “Observed Variation of Three-dimensional Return Stroke Speeds Along the Channel in a Triggered Lightning”, the lightning data obtained by the Photron SAZ high-speed video and an improved VHF location system were analyzed. The data of our results are including in the Fig_x.figs. These files can be opened by MATLAB. The data supports the aforementioned manuscript and can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citation.</p>
Broadband Characteristics of Chaotic Pulse Trains associated with Sequential Dart Leaders in a Rocket-Triggered Lightning Flash
<p>The data supports the paper entitled “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029488">Broadband Characteristics of Chaotic Pulse Trains associated with Sequential Dart Leaders in a Rocket-Triggered Lightning Flash</a>” published in JGR-Atmospheres, and these files can be opened by MATLAB. The data can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citation.</p>
Structural Characteristics of Thunderstorms Associated with Triggered Lightning Flashes
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ELF/VLF data for Sprites, Gigantic Jets, and Rocket-Triggered Lightning
<p>This data set is broadband ELF and VLF data that shows transient events in the paper "ELF/VLF Radio Bursts Associated with Transient Luminous Events: Radio Metrics." These data are stored in files with two file types, '.mat' and '.bin'. The files encode recording parameters in the filename: these parameters are the Station (SS), UT start date (YYMMDD), and UT start time (HHMMSS). The '.mat' files are standard Matlab -V4 file format. The '.bin' files are data extracted from the original Matlab data file and also encode an offset time in seconds from the beginning of the originating file (ssss). Finally, all files indicate the antenna channel (ANT) with '_000' indicating magnetic north-south VLF, '_001' indicating magnetic east-west VLF, '_002' indicating magnetic north-south ELF, and '_003' indicating magnetic east-west ELF. All data is stored as short 16-bit signed integers. All VLF signals are sampled with 100 kHz sample rate. ELF at Arrival Heights (AH), Sondrestromfjord (SF), and Stanford Dish (SD) is sampled at 5 kHz. ELF at Chistochina (CH) and Palmer Station (PA) is sampled at 10 kHz. Using the nomenclature above, the '.mat' files are named: 'SSYYMMDDHHMMSS_ANT.mat'. The '.bin' files are named: 'SSYYMMDDHHMMSS_ssss_ANT.bin'.</p>
First Observation of Dart Leader-M Component Process in a Rocket Triggered Lightning Flash
<p>A rare dart leader (DL)-M component process in a double-branch lightning flash was analyzed through high-speed camera and synchronizing current and electric field data.</p>
Two representative triggered lightning flashes recorded at Langmuir Lab and their polarity asymmetries
<p>This data set contains Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) and shunt current measurements for two representative triggered lightning flashes recorded at Langmuir Lab — one of each polarity. Use the script loadNplot_triggered_flash_zenodo.m to load and plot the data.</p>
Observation and Simulation of Dart Leader-M Component Processing in Rocket Triggered Lightning
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First Altitude-Triggered Lightning Experiment Associated with an Elevated Wind Turbine Blade on the Ground
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Triggered lightning tomography
<p>Data for the triggered lightning tomography.</p>
Characterizing radio frequency magnetic radiation of initial upward leader in triggered lightning with interferometric lightning mapping
<p>The operation bandwidth of magnetic field sensor with high sensitivity was extended to 1.2 MHz during the triggered lightning experiment of Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences, China Meteorological Administration (CMA-FEBLS) in Conghua, Guangdong Province during summer of 2019. Measurements with the new magnetic fields reveal the presence of microsecond-scale magnetic pulses during the entire duration of upward positive leaders (UPL), including the quiet stage when few signals can be discerned in previous observations, which indicates that the UPL propagates in a step-wise manner during the initial stage of triggered lightning. Synchronous observations from the broadband VHF interferometer shows that the VHF radiation corresponds to the onset of individual magnetic pulses, indicating that the VHF signals are radiated by the breakdown processes of individual stepping, and these breakdown events launch the meter-scale current pulses as the radiation source of each magnetic pulse.</p>
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