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58 results for “trophic relationships”
LAGOS-NE Shallow Lakes: a dataset of lake variables and multi-scaled ecological context variables used to predict and compare trophic status and TP:CHLa relationships between shallow and non-shallow lakes in the Upper Midwest and Northeastern United States.
We conducted a macroscale study of 2,210 shallow lakes (mean depth ≤ 3m or a maximum depth ≤ 5m) in the Upper Midwestern and Northeastern U.S. We asked: What are the patterns and drivers of shallow lake total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (CHLa), and TP–CHLa relationships at the macroscale, how do these differ from those for 4,360 non-shallow lakes, and do results differ by hydrologic connectivity class? To answer this question, we assembled the LAGOS-NE Shallow Lakes dataset described herein, a dataset derived from existing LAGOS-NE, LAGOS-DEPTH, and LAGOS-CLIMATE datasets. Response data variables were the median of available summer (e.g., 15 June to 15 September) values of total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (CHLa). Predictor variables were assembled at two spatial scales for incorporation into hierarchical models. At the local or lake-specific scale (including the individual lake, its inter-lake watershed [iws] or corresponding HU12 watershed), variables included those representing land use/cover, hydrology, climate, morphometry, and acid deposition. At the regional scale (e.g., HU4 watershed), variables included a smaller set of predictor variables for hydrology and land use/cover. The dataset also includes the unique identifier assigned by LAGOS-NE(lagoslakeid); the latitude and longitude of the study lakes; their maximum and mean depths along with a depth classification of Shallow or non-Shallow; connectivity class (i.e., whether a lake was classified as connected (with inlets and outlets) or unconnected (lacking inlets); and the zone id for the HU4 to which each lake belongs. Along with the database, we provide the R scripts for the hierarchical models predicting TP or CHLa (TPorCHL_predictive_model.R), and the TP—CHLa relationship (TP_CHL_CSI_Model.R) for depth and connectivity subsets of the study lakes.
Network analysis reflects the trophic relationship between microbial colonizers and deadwood resources - supporting information
<p>Supporting tables S2 - S5 of "Network analysis reflects the trophic relationship between microbial colonizers and deadwood resources".</p> <p>The file Table_Legends_S2-S5.txt contains all legends, as given below:</p> <p>Table S2: Module-associated trees and OTUs, their relative abundances and identities for the fungal sapwood network; module – name of the module, present – proportion of network version that the OTU is present in (1 = 1000/1000), inBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module, percInBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module provided that the OTU is part of the network (= inBestModule/present), meanAbundanceModuleSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all samples belonging to the module, meanAbundanceOtherSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all other samples, relAbundanceModuleSamplesVsOthers – meanAbundanceModuleSamples / meanAbundanceOtherSamples .</p> <p>Table S3: Module-associated trees and OTUs, their relative abundances and identities for the fungal heartwood network; module – name of the module, present – proportion of network version that the OTU is present in (1 = 1000/1000), inBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module, percInBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module provided that the OTU is part of the network (= inBestModule/present), meanAbundanceModuleSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all samples belonging to the module, meanAbundanceOtherSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all other samples, relAbundanceModuleSamplesVsOthers – meanAbundanceModuleSamples / meanAbundanceOtherSamples .</p> <p>Table S4: Module-associated trees and OTUs, their relative abundances and identities for the prokaryotic sapwood network; module – name of the module, present – proportion of network version that the OTU is present in (1 = 1000/1000), inBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module, percInBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module provided that the OTU is part of the network (= inBestModule/present), meanAbundanceModuleSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all samples belonging to the module, meanAbundanceOtherSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all other samples, relAbundanceModuleSamplesVsOthers – meanAbundanceModuleSamples / meanAbundanceOtherSamples .</p> <p>Table S5: Module-associated trees and OTUs, their relative abundances and identities for the prokaryotic heartwood network; module – name of the module, present – proportion of network version that the OTU is present in (1 = 1000/1000), inBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module, percInBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module provided that the OTU is part of the network (= inBestModule/present), meanAbundanceModuleSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all samples belonging to the module, meanAbundanceOtherSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all other samples, relAbundanceModuleSamplesVsOthers – meanAbundanceModuleSamples / meanAbundanceOtherSamples .</p>
Trophic complexity alters the diversity–multifunctionality relationship in experimental grassland mesocosms
<p>Plant diversity has a positive influence on the number of ecosystem functions maintained simultaneously by a community, or multifunctionality. While the presence of multiple trophic levels, or trophic complexity, affects individual functions, the effect of trophic complexity on the diversity-multifunctionality relationship is less well known. To address this issue, we tested whether the independent or simultaneous manipulation of both plant diversity and trophic complexity impacted multifunctionality using a mecocosm experiment from Cedar Creek, Minnesota, USA. Our analyses revealed that neither plant diversity nor trophic complexity had significant effects on single functions, but trophic complexity altered the diversity-multifunctionality relationship in two key ways: it lowered the maximum strength of the diversity-multifunctionality effect and it resulted shifted the relationship between increasing diversity and multifunctionality from positive to negative at lower function thresholds. Our findings suggest that declines in trophic complexity will further reduce the capacity of ecosystems to maintain multifunctionality than expected from plant biodiversity loss.</p>
FIGURE 5 in Trophic relationships in the Early Miocene Upper Marine Molasse of Baden-Württemberg, Southwest Germany, with special emphasis on the elasmobranch fauna
FIGURE 5. Similarity analyses (cluster analyses) of the shark and ray fauna of the OMM deposits in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Switzerland. Redrawn after Höltke et al. (2020; 2022b).
FIGURE 3. A in Trophic relationships in the Early Miocene Upper Marine Molasse of Baden-Württemberg, Southwest Germany, with special emphasis on the elasmobranch fauna
FIGURE 3. A. Tearing type [Odontaspis molassica (Probst, 1878)]. Tooth height: c. 9. 8 mm. Locality: Messkirch-Walbertsweiler. Redrawn after Pfeil (1991, pl. 2, fig. 2). B. Tearing type [Carcharias contortidens (Agassiz, 1843)]. Tooth height: c. 17. 9 mm. Locality: Messkirch-Walbertsweiler. Redrawn after Pfeil (1991, pl. 2, fig. 3, named here as "Synodontaspis acutissima"). C. Cutting type - sensu stricto cutting subtype [Galeocerdo aduncus (Agassiz, 1843)]. Tooth width: c. 14. 2 mm. Locality: Messkirch-Walbertsweiler. Redrawn after Pfeil (1991, pl. 3, fig. 16). D. Cutting type - sensu stricto cutting subtype [Otodus (Megaselachus) chubutensis (Ameghino, 1901)]. Tooth height: c. 65 mm. Locality: Messkirch-Walbertsweiler. Redrawn after Pfeil (1991, pl. 2, fig. 10, named here as "Procarcharodon megalodon"). E. Cutting type – cutting-clutching subtype [Carcharhinus similis (Probst, 1878)]. Tooth height: c. 12. 9 mm. Locality: Baltringen. Redrawn after Probst (1878, pl. 1, fig. 19), Size according to Reinecke et al. (2011, Text-Fig. 21). F. Cutting type – cutting-clutching subtype [Paragaleus tenuis (Probst, 1878)]. Tooth height: c. 4 mm. Locality: Messkirch-Walbertsweiler. Redrawn after Pfeil (1991, pl. 3, fig. 8). G. Crushing type [Dasyatis rugosa (Probst, 1877)]. Tooth height: c. 3 mm. Locality: Messkirch-Walbertsweiler. Redrawn after Pfeil (1991, pl. 4, fig. 9)]. H. Crushing type [Rynchobatus pristinus (Probst, 1877)]. Tooth height: c. 4 mm. Locality: Baltringen. Redrawn after Probst (1877, pl. 1, fig. 19)]. I. Clutching type [Pachyscyllium dachiardii (Lawley, 1876)]. Tooth height c. 6 mm. Locality: Ursendorf. Redrawn after Höltke et al. (2020, pl. 7, fig. 1]. J. Clutching type [Ginglymostoma delfortriei Daimeries, 1889)]. Tooth width. c. 7. 6 mm. Locality: Baltringen. Redrawn after Pfeil [1991, pl. 2, fig. 1 named here as "Ginglymostoma grandis"). K. Grinding type [Aeobatus arcuatus (Agassiz, 1843)]. Tooth width. C. 14 mm. Locality: Ursendorf. Redrawn after Höltke et al. (2020, pl. 9, fig. 8). L. Grinding type [Rhinoptera cf. studeri (Agassiz, 1843). Tooth width: c. 23 mm. Locality: Ursendorf. Redrawn after Höltke et al. (2020, pl. 9, fig. 11).
FIGURE 1 in Trophic relationships in the Early Miocene Upper Marine Molasse of Baden-Württemberg, Southwest Germany, with special emphasis on the elasmobranch fauna
FIGURE 1. New lithostratigraphic terminology for the Ottnangian deposits of the OMM in Southwest Germany. Modified after Heckeberg et al. (2010).
FIGURE 4 in Trophic relationships in the Early Miocene Upper Marine Molasse of Baden-Württemberg, Southwest Germany, with special emphasis on the elasmobranch fauna
FIGURE 4. Generalized trophic interaction scheme of the five OMM deposits discussed in this paper. Some of the fish feeding taxa also feed on invertebrates. A definitive separation in exclusive fish and invertebrate feeders is often not possible. The same problem exists for members of the shark genus Isistius, which are ectoparasites of large marine animals but also feed on cephalopods.
Figure 1 in Trophic relationships among three species of ornamental fish from the region of Lake Amanã, Amazon
Figure 1. (A) Feed Strategy Carnegiella marthae. (1) Ephemenoptera (N), Diptera (L + A), Chironomidae (L) and Coleoptera (A); (2) Scales of fish; (3) Fragments of plants and insects. Points over an item indicates that they are overlapped; (B) Feed Strategy Carnegiella strigata. (1) Hymenoptera (A); (2) Coleoptera (A); (3) insect fragments; (4) fragments of plants; (5) Ephemenoptera (N); (6) Lepidoptera (L); (7) Chironomidae (L) and Gerridae (A + L). The points-arrested over an item indicates that they are overlapping; (C) Feed Strategy Gnathocharax steindachneri. (1) Chaoboridae (A); (2) Gerridae (N + A); (3) Hymenoptera (A); (4) fragments of insects; (5) fish scales; (6) Diptera (larvae + adults); (7) Coleoptera (A) and vegetable fragments; (8) Collembola, Homoptera (L) and Lepidoptera (L). Points over an item indicates that they are overlapped.
Figure 5 in Two new species of the family Rhynchitidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from Eocene Baltic amber, with key to species and assumed trophic relationships
Figure 5. Distribution of the genus Pseudomesauletes with extant (green area) and fossil records: records from Florissant formation, Colorado, USA (black square); record from Rovno amber (black octagon); and P. lobanovi sp. nov. from Baltic amber (black dot).
Figure 2. X in Two new species of the family Rhynchitidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from Eocene Baltic amber, with key to species and assumed trophic relationships
Figure 2. X-ray micro-CT renderings of Baltocar sontagae sp. nov., holotype, 6703 (MAIG), habitus: (a) dorsal view; (b) dorso-frontal view; (c) left lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 1 in Two new species of the family Rhynchitidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from Eocene Baltic amber, with key to species and assumed trophic relationships
Figure 1. Photomicrographs of Baltocar sontagae sp. nov., holotype, 6703 (MAIG): (a) habitus, left lateral view; (b) details of forebody, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: a1–a11 denote antennomeres 1–11.
Figure 2. The relationship between relative gut length and trophic position for the 6 in Tissue pH and gut ecomorphology in six freshwater teleosts occupying different trophic levels
Figure 2. The relationship between relative gut length and trophic position for the 6 freshwater fish species. (a) Relative gut length is presented in percent of body length; (b) Relative gut length is presented in percent of total length. Averaged values of trophic position (TP) from the study by Zhang et al. (2013). Grey and black circle dots correspond to TP for stable isotope analysis (SIA) and for gut content analysis (GCA), respectively. Dashed line represents the linear fitting of relative gut length and TP for SIA, while solid line represents the linear fitting of relative gut length and TP for GCA.
Figure 2 in Diet composition, guild structure and trophic relationships of wintering birds of prey in an estuarine wetland (The Evros Delta National Park, Greece)
Figure 2. Cluster analysis (dendrogram) based on the biomass proportions of the diets of the seven species of birds of prey studied in Evros Delta.
Figure 1 in Diet composition, guild structure and trophic relationships of wintering birds of prey in an estuarine wetland (The Evros Delta National Park, Greece)
Figure 1. Diet compiled for the most important prey taxa of the seven species of birds of prey studied in the Evros Delta, a) by biomass (upper graph) and b) by numbers (lower graph) (Shannon index/Evenness are shown below each species name).
Fig. 2 in Trophic relationships in fish assemblages of Neotropical floodplain lakes: selectivity and feeding overlap mediated by food availability
Fig. 2. Ordination by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of the food resource availability for six floodplain lakes along the Upper Paraná River, Paraná-Mato Grosso do Sul. AQI = aquatic insects; OAI = other aquatic invertebrates; OTI = other terrestrial invertebrates; PLA = plants; TRI = terrestrial insects.
Fig.5 in Trophic relationships in fish assemblages of Neotropical floodplain lakes: selectivity and feeding overlap mediated by food availability
Fig.5. Relationship between the mean of the proportional overlap Index (IS) and the scores of the first PCoA axis of resource availability in isolated floodplain lakes along the upper Paraná River.Values of IS closer to 1 indicates greater diet overlap. The mean IS was calculated based on individuals of 3 (ZÉ = ZÉ Marinho), 7 (Carioca = Car), 4 (TiÃo = Tia), 5 (Genipapo = Gen), 2 (CidÃo = Cid) and 5 species (Canal = Can).AQI = aquatic insects; PLA = plants.
Fig. 1 in Trophic relationships in fish assemblages of Neotropical floodplain lakes: selectivity and feeding overlap mediated by food availability
Fig. 1. Locations of the lakes on the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil: 1, Canal do Meio; 2, Carioca; 3, ZÉ Marinho; 4, CidÃo; 5, Genipapo; 6, TiÃo.
Fig. 4 in Trophic relationships in fish assemblages of Neotropical floodplain lakes: selectivity and feeding overlap mediated by food availability
Fig. 4. Relationship of the mean the Schoener's Index (O) between pairs of species and the scores of the first PCoA axis of resource availability in isolated floodplain lakes along the upper Paraná River. The mean O was calculated based on 10 (ZÉ = ZÉ Marinho), 28 (Carioca = Car), 6 (TiÃo = Tia), 21 (Genipapo = Gen), 3 (CidÃo = Cid) and 10 (Canal = Can) pairs of species. AQI = aquatic insects; PLA = plants.
Fig. 3 in Trophic relationships in fish assemblages of Neotropical floodplain lakes: selectivity and feeding overlap mediated by food availability
Fig. 3. Relationships between feeding selectivity by fish and the availability of food resources for six floodplain lakes along the Upper Paraná River, ParanáMato Grosso do Sul. Shape of data distribution (envelope effect) was significant.
Figure 3 in Trophic relationship between Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with rose bushes
Figure 3 Proportion of second-instar larvae of Chrysoperla externa survivors as a function of the density of second-instar nymphs of Planococcus citri supplied as prey and as a function of the predator:prey ratio after 24 (A) and 48 hours (B) of interaction between species. Different letters indicate significant differences by Tukey's multicomparison test (p <0.05).
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