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126 results for “tropical birds”
The role of tropical rainfall in driving range dynamics for a long-distance migratory bird
<p>Predicting how the range dynamics of migratory species will respond to climate change requires a mechanistic understanding of the factors that operate across the annual cycle to control the distribution and abundance of a species. Here we use multiple lines of evidence to reveal that environmental conditions during the nonbreeding season influence range dynamics across the lifecycle of a migratory songbird, the American redstart (<em>Setophaga ruticilla</em>). Using long-term data from the nonbreeding grounds and breeding origin estimated from stable hydrogen isotopes in tail feathers, we found that the relationship between nonbreeding season survival and migration distance is mediated by precipitation, but only during dry years. A long-term drying trend throughout the Caribbean is associated with higher mortality for individuals from the northern portion of the species' breeding range, resulting in an approximate 500 km southward shift in breeding origins of this Jamaican population over the past 30 years. This shift in connectivity is mirrored by changes in the redstarts breeding distribution of abundance. These results demonstrate that the climatic effects on demographic processes originating during the tropical nonbreeding season is actively shaping range dynamics in a migratory bird.</p>
Data from: Active restoration accelerates recovery of tropical forest bird assemblages over two decades
<p>Choosing effective methods to restore habitat for the diverse faunal assemblages of tropical forests is hampered by lack of long-term data comparing multiple restoration treatments. We conducted area counts of bird assemblages over 12 years (~5-17 years since restoration) in a blocked experiment with two active planted treatments (tree plantations and applied nucleation) and a passive restoration treatment (natural regeneration) replicated at 11 sites in Costa Rica. We also surveyed six pastures and five remnant forest sites to assess recovery of avian species richness, composition, forest specialists, and range-restricted species in restoration plots relative to degraded and reference systems. Restoration treatments showed increased resemblance of avian assemblages to remnant forest over time. Applied nucleation proved equally effective as plantation, despite a reduced planted area, whereas natural regeneration recovered more slowly. Assemblage-level trends in avian species richness and compositional similarity to reference forest are underpinned by reductions in use by pasture birds and by gradual increases in richness of forest-affiliated species. Because forest-affiliated species tend to have narrower distributions than the open-country species they replace, forest restoration can reduce biotic homogenization at the local scale. Restoration practitioners should consider applied nucleation as an alternative to standard plantations if seeking rapid recovery of bird assemblages. However, the ecological return on investment from natural regeneration increases over a couple of decades. Managers should monitor trends in forest-affiliated and range-restricted species to track the recovery of the full avian assemblages, since coarse metrics like species richness and overall compositional similarity may plateau relatively quickly.</p>
Data from: Why there are so many structurally coloured bird species in the tropics?
<p>Several ecogeographical "rules" have been proposed to explain colour variation at broad spatial and phylogenetic scales, but these rarely consider whether colours are based on pigments or structural colours. However, mechanism can have profound effects on the function and evolution of colours. Here, we combine geographic information, climate data, and colour mechanism at broad phylogenetic (9409 species) and spatial scales (global) to determine how transitions between pigmentary and structural colours influence speciation dynamics and range distributions in birds. Among structurally coloured species, we find that rapid dispersal into tropical regions drove the accumulation of iridescent species, whereas the build-up of non-iridescent species in the tropics was driven by a combination of dispersal and faster <em>in situ</em> evolution in the tropics. These results could be explained by pleiotropic links between colouration and dispersal behaviour, or ecological factors influencing colonisation success. These data elucidate geographic patterns of colouration at a global scale and provide testable hypotheses for future work on birds and other animals with structural colours.</p>
Fig. 4 in Characterization of the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasite community in temperate-tropical birds during spring migration
Fig. 4. Differences by foraging guild among infected birds in the probability of Haemoproteus versus Plasmodium infection adjusted for the significant predictors in the model. Single asterisks with brackets beneath denote significant differences between categories.
Fig. 3 in Characterization of the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasite community in temperate-tropical birds during spring migration
Fig. 3. Differences by wintering ground among infected birds in the probability of Haemoproteus versus Plasmodium infection adjusted for the significant predictors in the model. Single asterisks with brackets beneath denote significant differences between categories.
Fig. 2 in Characterization of the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasite community in temperate-tropical birds during spring migration
Fig. 2. Differences by avian family in the probabilities of a) infection versus non-infection with a Haemosporidian parasite and b) among infected birds, the Plasmodium versus Haemoproteus infection adjusted for the significant predictors in the respective models. Single asterisks with brackets beneath denote significant differences between families.
Fig. 1 in Characterization of the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasite community in temperate-tropical birds during spring migration
Fig. 1. Location of field site in Clive Runnells Family Mad Island Marsh Preserve in Texas, USA (Image credit: Google Earth).
Fig. 1. A in Predation behaviour of the bridle snake (Lycodon cf. davisonii) on Asian tropical evergreen forest bird nests
Fig. 1. A photograph of a bridle snake (Lycodon cf. davisonii) having just consumed a bird's egg on 27 June 2019 at 2358 at the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, north-eastern Thailand (photo by J. Goodyear).
Fig. 2 in Predation behaviour of the bridle snake (Lycodon cf. davisonii) on Asian tropical evergreen forest bird nests
Fig. 2. Percentage of depredated nests for eight focal species caused by the top five nest predators at the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand during the 2013–2019 breeding seasons. ABBA = Abbott's babbler, BNMO = black-naped monarch, IBFL = Indochinese blue-flycatcher, PTBA = puff-throated babbler, PTBU = puff-throated bulbul, SCBA = scaly-crowned babbler, STBU = stripe-throated bulbul, WRSH = white-rumped shama. N represents number of observed predation events for each nesting species.
Active restoration fosters better recovery of tropical rainforest birds than natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments
<ol> <li>Ecological restoration has emerged as a key strategy for conserving tropical forests and habitat specialists, and monitoring faunal recovery using indicator taxa like birds can help assess restoration success. Few studies have examined, however, whether active restoration achieves better recovery of bird communities than natural regeneration, or how bird recovery relates to habitat affiliations of species in the community.</li> <li>In rainforests restored over the past two decades in a fragmented landscape (Western Ghats, India), we examined whether bird species richness and community composition recovery in 23 actively restored (AR) sites was significantly better than recovery in paired naturally regenerating (NR) sites, relative to 23 undisturbed benchmark (BM) rainforests. We measured 8 habitat variables and tested whether bird recovery tracked habitat recovery, whether rainforest and open-country birds showed contrasting patterns, and assessed species-level responses to restoration.</li> <li>We recorded 92 bird species in 460 point-count surveys. Rainforest bird species richness was highest in BM, intermediate in AR, and lowest in NR. Contrastingly, open-country bird species richness was least in BM, intermediate in AR, and highest in NR.</li> <li>Bird community composition varied significantly across treatment types with composition in AR in transition from NR to BM. Bird community dissimilarity between sites was positively related to dissimilarity in habitat structure and floristics, and geographic distance between sites. Variance partitioning indicated that structural and floristic dissimilarity explained 90% of the variation in community composition.</li> <li>Indicator species analysis revealed significant associations of 34 species with one or more treatment types. Species associated with BM and AR treatment types were all rainforest species, while only 38% of species associated with AR and NR treatment types were rainforest species.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: We show that active restoration of degraded fragments benefits rainforest birds and reduces the infiltration of open-country birds, and highlight the importance of considering rainforest and open-country species separately. In human-modified tropical rainforest landscapes, active restoration of degraded fragments fosters partial recovery and complements protection of mature forests for bird conservation.</li> </ol>
Figure 1 A in Cicadas impact bird communication in a noisy tropical rainforest
Figure 1 A comparison of the "soundscape" recorded during two 30 s periods from the same location on 6 July 2012, within secondary wet forest at Las Cruces Biological Station, Costa Rica. (a) A spectrogram from approximately 08:14 AM, before the onset of Zammara cicada choruses and shows 7 unique vocalizations (Arremon aurantiirostris call, Picumnus olivaceus, Arremon torquatus, Catharus aurantiirostris, Arremon aurantiirostris song, Phaeothlypis fulvicauda, Formicarius analis). (b) A spectrogram from approximately 08:50 AM, just after onset of Zammara cicada choruses, which can be seen by the dark, pulsing signal with a base frequency occupying much of the bandwidth between approximately 2.7 and 6.5 kHz. No birds are vocalizing during this period.
Figure 2 in Cicadas impact bird communication in a noisy tropical rainforest
Figure 2 Rate of overlap, excluding "complete" overlap, between bird and cicada signals before versus after the onset of cicada signaling for 7 recording days during June and July 2012 in secondary wet forest at Las Cruces Biological Station, Costa Rica. The "overlap before" bar represents the number of unique bird vocalizations produced prior to the onset of Zammara chorusing, with spectra that overlap to any degree with the normal base frequency range of Zammara signals. The "overlap after" bar represents the number of unique bird vocalizations with spectra that overlapped to any degree with the actual Zammara signals.
FIGURE 5 in Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities
FIGURE 5 | Comparison of observed and expected number of pairs of species with overlapping vocalization frequencies in each location (significance "**"α = 0.01). The null distributions were generated using 500 randomizations of species distribution across locations (keeping species richness per location unchanged).
FIGURE 4 in Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities
FIGURE 4 | Comparison of observed and expected number of heterospecific pairs of vocalizations with overlapping vocalization times and frequencies in each location (significance "***"α = 0.001, "**"α = 0.01). The null distributions were generated using 500 randomizations of the beginning of vocalizations (keeping number, length and spectral characteristics unchanged).
FIGURE 3 in Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities
FIGURE 3 | Comparison of species vocalization characteristics (A,B), the number of vocalizations per 5-min record (C), and number of species recorded per location (D) between Costa Rica (CR) and Hawai'i (HI) (P-value indicates the significance of Wilcoxon's rank sum test).
FIGURE 2 in Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities
FIGURE 2 | List of detected species with their vocalization ranges (left figures) and their locations of occurrence (right figures) in Costa Rica and Hawai'i. On the left figures, gray background represents potential overlapping in a given frequency, the darker the background, the higher the number of species using this frequency.
FIGURE 1 in Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities
FIGURE 1 | Species accumulation curves (mean of 500 iterations) for each of six recording locations in Costa Rica and Hawai'i.
The role of tropical rainfall in driving range dynamics for a long-distance migratory bird
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Data from: Active restoration accelerates recovery of tropical forest bird assemblages over two decades
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Observed declines in body size have differential effects on survival and recruitment, but no effect on population growth in tropical birds
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.