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554 results for “tropical diversity”
Dataset for "Holocene hydroclimatic variability in the tropical Pacific explained by changing ENSO diversity."
<p>This repository contains the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature and global precipitation data from the CESM1 time slice experiments, which were used for the analysis presented in Karamperidou & DiNezio (2022), Nature Communications (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-34880-8)</p> <p> </p> <p>From Karamperidou & DiNezio (2022):</p> <p>“To assess the response of ENSO flavors to orbital forcing over the past 12,000 years (12ka), we use a suite of time-slice experiments in 3ka intervals with version 1 of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1). Each experiment is 400-600 years long and was run until the surface climate and oceanic processes controlling tropical climate, such as the depth of the thermocline in the equatorial Pacific or the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), have reached equilibrium. All simulations exhibit minimal drift in global mean surface temperature (less than 0.05<sup>o</sup>C per century), tropical mean surface temperature (less than 0.04<sup>o</sup>C per century), the depth of the equatorial thermocline in the Pacific (less than 0.3m per century), and the strength of the AMOC (less than 0.25 Sv per century) during the periods used in the analyses. With the exception of the 12 ka BP interval which includes ice sheet changes and lower greenhouse gases, the primary forcing in the 0, 3, 6, and 9 ka BP intervals is changes in Earth's precession, and each simulation branched off its preceding one, starting from 0ka sequentially through the Holocene. The maximum TOA energetic imbalance does not exceed 0.45 Wm<sup>-2</sup>, which is much smaller than the imposed radiative forcing.”</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Karamperidou, C., DiNezio, P.N. Holocene hydroclimatic variability in the tropical Pacific explained by changing ENSO diversity. <em>Nat Commun</em> <strong>13</strong>, 7244 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34880-8</p>
Model outputs from the study "A scalable framework for soil property mapping tested across a highly diverse tropical data-scarce region"
<p>Model outputs from the study "A scalable framework for soil property mapping tested across a highly diverse tropical data-scarce region". The study is published as open access and can be found at the following link: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950289625000326">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950289625000326</a></p> <p> </p> <p>The file "SWAT_USERSOIL.csv" was included to facilitate the assimilation of the soil mapping data into the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT, https://swat.tamu.edu/) for hydrological modeling. </p> <p> </p> <p>Regarding the raster files, please note:</p> <p>a) All values in these datasets have been multiplied by 10,000 to optimize file sizes.</p> <p>b) Files are named using the variable acronym, followed by the corresponding soil layer. For outputs derived from pedotransfer functions (PTFs), the PTF reference is appended after the variable acronym.</p> <p>c) Available data decrease with increasing soil layer number. This occurs because not all locations (grid cells) have the same soil depth or number of soil layers.</p> <p> </p> <p>If you have any questions about the dataset or its use, please don't hesitate to contact us.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium among tropical quality protein maize (QPM) lines assessed with high-density SNP markers
<p>The study of genetic diversity (GD), population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) provides a better understanding of the genetic relationships between individuals in a population which can be utilized in crop research and improvement. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was used to detect and genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a collection of 74 quality protein maize (QPM) lines and further to characterize their genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium. A total of 235,214 high-quality SNPs were used for different genetic analyses except for structure analysis where 11,950 SNPs were used. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on these SNPs revealed high genetic heterozygosity among the five populations with 1% of the total genetic variation present among the subpopulations and 99% of the variation among individuals within the populations. Population structure analysis using Bayesian-based clustering revealed that the 74 lines could be clustered into four groups. However, neighbor-joining trees indicate the lines are grouped into three major clusters. Further analysis using principal component analyses (PCA) clustered the genotypes into five groups which are concordant with the groups based on pedigree information. Higher genetic diversity was detected in population 1 with a GD value of 0.484 and the lowest in population 5 (0.396) and overall, with a mean of 0.434. The LD pattern in the quality protein maize was investigated and we observed a relatively rapid LD decay of 3.53kb and 10.66kb at r<sup>2</sup> =0.2 and r<sup>2</sup>= 0.1, respectively. Our findings provide important information for future Linkage mapping studies, genome-wide association analyses, and marker-assisted selective breeding of maize as well as genomic prediction-based selection in tropical germplasm.</p>
Figs 128–131 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 128–131. Male genitalia of Tischeriidae from Las Cuevas, Belize (NHMUK). 128. Paratischeria neotropicana (Diškus & Stonis, 2015), capsule with phallus removed (genitalia slide no. 010316205). 129. Same, phallus. 130–131. Dishkeya gouaniae (Diškus & Stonis, 2007), paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316202).
Figs 83–89 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 83–89. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria spp. (NHMUK). 83. A. selvica Diškus, Carvalho-Filho & Stonis, 2018, capsule with phallus removed, holotype (genitalia slide no. AD920). 84. Same, phallus, paratype (genitalia slide no. AD919). 85. A. casila Diškus & Stonis, 2018, capsule with phallus removed, holotype (genitalia slide no. AD939). 86. Same, phallus. 87. A. furcata Diškus & Stonis, 2018, capsule with phallus removed, holotype (genitalia slide no. AD925). 88. Same, lateral view of capsule. 89. Same, phallus.
Figs 70–77 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 70–77. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria basilobata Remeikis & Stonis sp. nov. (NHMUK). 70. Capsule, with phallus inside, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316194). 71. Capsule, with phallus removed, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316198). 72. Phallus, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316196). 73–74. Main element and dorsal lobe of valva, with anellus broken, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316197). 75. Same, uncus and tegumen. 76. Same, chitinized ring of anellus. 77. Same, apex of phallus.
Figs 65–69 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 65–69. Female genitalia of Astrotischeria scutifera Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316179, NHMUK). 65. Papillae of ovipositor. 66–68. Details of prela and apophyses. 69. Corpus bursae and coils of ductus spermathecae.
Figs 118–123 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 118–123. Female genitalia of Paratischeria tubifex Diškus & Stonis sp. nov., paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316173, NHMUK). 118. General view. 119–122. Details. 123. Ovipositor lobes.
Figs 132–138 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 132–138. Male genitalia of Tischeriidae from Las Cuevas, Belize (NHMUK). 132. Coptotriche pulverea (Walsingham, 1897), capsule with phallus removed (genitalia slide no. 010316203). 133–134. Same, phallus. 135. C. forsteroniae Stonis & Diškus, 2008, capsule with phallus removed, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316201). 136–138. Same, phallus.
Figs 21–34 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 21–34. Tischeriidae collected in Las Cuevas, Belize. 21. Paratischeria tubifex sp. nov., holotype (NHMUK 010289272). 22. Same, paratype (010289282). 23. Same, paratype (010289276). 24–25. P. belizensis sp. nov., holotype (010289283). 26–28. P. neotropicana (010289285). 29. Dishkeya gouaniae, paratype (010289320). 30. Coptotriche pulverea (010289324). 31. Same (010289322). 32–34. C. forsteroniae, paratype (010289330).
Figs 35–46 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 35–46. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria papilloma Diškus & Stonis sp. nov. (NHMUK). 35–36. Dorsal and ventral lobes of uncus, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316184). 37. Ventral lobes of uncus, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316185). 38. Dorsal lobes of uncus, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316182). 39. General view, uncus, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316182). 40–41. Same, valva. 42. Dorsal lobe of valva, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316185). 43–44. Anellus and dorsal lobe of valva, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316182). 45–46. Phallus, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316185).
Fig. 1 in The Composition, Diversity And Community Dynamics Of Limnetic Zooplankton In A Tropical Caldera Lake (Lake Taal, Philippines)
Fig. 1. Map of Lake Taal with the six sampling sites (NB – North Basin, SB – South Basin). The insert shows the location of Lake Taal and the other lakes mentioned in the text (P – Lake Paoay, Lb – Lake Laguna de Bay, N – Lake Naujan and Ln – Lake Lanao).
Fig. 4 in The Composition, Diversity And Community Dynamics Of Limnetic Zooplankton In A Tropical Caldera Lake (Lake Taal, Philippines)
Fig. 4. Monthly variations in Shannon-Wiener Diversity (H') Index values of rotifers and cladocerans in the north and south basins of Lake Taal.
Fig. 3 in The Composition, Diversity And Community Dynamics Of Limnetic Zooplankton In A Tropical Caldera Lake (Lake Taal, Philippines)
Fig. 3. Mean monthly biomass (μg / l) of common zooplankton species from the north and south basins of Lake Taal for the year 2008.
Functional genomics and co-occurrence in a diverse tropical tree genus: The roles of drought and defense related genes
<p>Tropical tree communities are among the most diverse in the world. A small number of genera often disproportionately contribute to this diversity. How so many species from a single genus can co-occur represents a major outstanding question in biology. Niche differences are likely to play a major role in promoting congeneric diversity, but the mechanisms of interest are often not well-characterized by the set of functional traits generally measured by ecologists. To address this knowledge gap, we used a functional genomic approach to investigate the mechanisms of co-occurrence in the hyper-diverse genus <em>Ficus</em>. Our study focused on over 800 genes related to drought and defense, providing detailed information on how these genes may contribute to the diversity of <em>Ficus</em> species. We find widespread and consistent evidence of the importance of defense gene dissimilarity in co-occurring species, providing genetic support for what would be expected under the Janzen-Connell mechanism. We also find that drought-related gene sequence similarity is related to <em>Ficus</em> co-occurrence, indicating that similar responses to drought promote co-occurrence. We provide the first detailed functional genomic evidence of how drought- and defense-related genes simultaneously contribute to the local co-occurrence in a hyper-diverse genus. Our results demonstrate the potential of community transcriptomics to identify the drivers of species co-occurrence in hyper-diverse tropical tree genera.</p>
Fire promotes functional plant diversity and modifies soil carbon dynamics in tropical savanna
<p>The dataset associated with the manuscript "Fire promotes functional plant diversity and modifies soil carbon dynamics in tropical savanna" (Teixeira et al.) includes 6 different datasets, for which we provided one metadata.<br> </p> <p><strong>Version 2</strong> includes an update of the biomass data set, including the correct transformation to g/m2 on fine roots biomass data.<br><br><strong>Version 3 </strong>includes an update of the belowground traits data set based on correcting formatting errors in the belowground traits data. <br><br><strong>Version 4 </strong>Sorry for the inconvenience. This version includes the correct updated belowground traits data file based on the correct formatting errors in the belowground trait data. <br><br>fluxes: it includes data related to net ecosystem C and water exchange. NEE and ET from each plot were measured using the LiCOR 7500 infrared gas analyzer (Li-Cor Inc.). See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>soil_carbon: it includes carbon soil data.<br><br>biomass_v2: it includes data related to aboveground and belowground biomass. Aboveground data were collected in 0.5m2 subplot and belowground at 0.25m2 at 20cm depth both within 1m2 sampling plot. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>aboveground_traits: all aboveground functional traits from plant species. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>belowground_traitsv3: all roots functional traits from plant species. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>species_composition: plant community composition. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p><br><strong>Abstract</strong><br>Fire is an evolutionary environmental filter in tropical savanna ecosystems altering functional diversity and associated C pools in the biosphere and fluxes between the atmosphere and biosphere. Therefore, alterations in fire regimes (e.g. fire exclusion) will strongly influence ecosystem processes and associated dynamics. In those ecosystems, C dynamics and functions are underestimated by the fire-induced offset between C output and input. To determine how fire shapes ecosystem C pools and fluxes in an open savanna across recently burned and fire excluded areas, we measured the following metrics: (I) plant diversity including taxonomic (i.e. richness, evenness) and plant functional diversity (i.e. functional diversity, functional richness, functional dispersion and community weighted means); (II) structure (i.e. above- and below-ground biomass, litter accumulation); and (III) functions related to C balance (i.e. net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub> </sub>exchange (NEE), ecosystem transpiration (ET), soil respiration (soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux), ecosystem water use efficiency (eWUE) and total soil organic C (SOC). We found that fire promoted aboveground live and belowground biomass, including belowground organs, and coarse and fine root biomass, and contributed to higher biomass allocation belowground. Fire also increased both functional diversity and dispersion. NEE and total SOC were higher in burned plots compared to fire-excluded plots whereas soil respiration recorded lower values in burned areas. Both ET and eWUE were not affected by fire. Fire strongly favored functional diversity, fine root, and belowground organ biomass in piecewise SEM models but the role of both functional diversity and ecosystem structure to mediate the effect of fire on ecosystem functions remain unclear. Fire regime will impact C balance, and fire exclusion may lead to lower C input in open savanna ecosystems.</p>
Figures 44–52 in Diversity and distribution of species of the planktonic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Dinophyta) from the tropical and subtropical Mexican Pacific Ocean
Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM.
Figures 28–37 in Diversity and distribution of species of the planktonic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Dinophyta) from the tropical and subtropical Mexican Pacific Ocean
Figures 28–37: Alexandrium monilatum, LM and SEM.(28, 29) A long chain (8 cells) and detail of that chain, respectively, LM. (30) Pair of cells in ventral view, SEM. (31) General outline of a cell, LM. (32) Cell in ventral view showing Po and 1′, SEM. (33) Detail of the cingulum and sulcus, showing the first apical plate (1′), SEM. (34) Apical view with plate tabulation, SEM. (35) Hypotheca showing the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its connecting pore (arrow), SEM. (36) Po plate with the conjunction pore and foramen, SEM. (37) Posterior sulcal plate showing the connection pore, LM.
Figures 20–21 in Diversity and distribution of species of the planktonic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Dinophyta) from the tropical and subtropical Mexican Pacific Ocean
Figures 20–21: Alexandrium leei, LM. (20) Recently fixed cell in ventral view. (21) An empty cell in ventral view showing plate tabulation, arrow indicates the ventral pore in the first apical plate (1′).
Figures 9–11 in Diversity and distribution of species of the planktonic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Dinophyta) from the tropical and subtropical Mexican Pacific Ocean
Figures 9–11: Alexandrium gaarderae, LM. (9, 10) Two different focal planes of a solitary cell in ventral view, showing the cell outline, cingulum and sulcus. (11) A cell in dorsal view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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