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41 results for “tropical streams”
Recovery of a tropical stream after a harvest-related chlorine poisoning event
1. Harvest-related poisoning events are common in tropical streams, yet research on stream recovery has largely been limited to temperate streams and generally does not include any measures of ecosystem function, such as leaf breakdown. 2. We assessed recovery of a second-order, high-gradient stream draining the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, three months after a chlorine-bleach poisoning event. The illegal poisoning of freshwater shrimps for harvest caused massive mortality of shrimps and dramatic changes in those ecosystem properties influenced by shrimps. We determined recovery potential using an established recovery index and assessed actual recovery by examining whether the poisoned reach returned to conditions resembling an undisturbed upstream reference reach.3. Recovery potential was excellent (score=729 out of a possible 729) and can be attributed to nearby sources of organisms for colonization, the mobility of dominant organisms, unimpaired habitat, rapid flushing and processing of chlorine, and location within a national forest.4. Actual recovery was substantial. Comparison of the reference reach with the formerly poisoned reach indicated: (1) complete recovery of xiphocaridid and palaemonid shrimp population abundances, shrimp size distributions, leaf breakdown rates, and abundances of oligochaetes and mayflies on leaves, and (2) only small differences in atyid shrimp abundance and community and ecosystem properties influenced by atyid shrimps (standing stocks of epilithic fine inorganic and organic matter, chlorophyll a, and abundances of chironomids and copepods on leaves). 5. There was no detectable pattern between any measured variables and distance downstream from the poisoning. However, shrimp size-distributions indicated that the observed recovery may represent a source-sink dynamic, in which the poisoned reach acts as a sink which depletes adult shrimp populations from surrounding undisturbed habitats. Thus, the rapid recovery observe
Conservation and management of migratory fauna and dams in tropical streams of Puerto Rico
1. Compared to most other tropical regions, Puerto Rico appears to have dammed its running waters decades earlier and to a greater degree. The island has more large dams per unit area than many countries in both tropical and temperate regions (e.g., 3x that of the U.S.), and the peak rate of large dam construction occurred two and three decades prior to reported peak rates in Latin America, Asia and Africa.2. Puerto Rico is a potential window into the future of freshwater migratory fauna in tropical regions, given the island's extent and magnitude of dam development and the available scientific information on ecology and management of the island's migratory fauna.3. We review ecology, management and conservation of migratory fauna in relation to dams in Puerto Rico. Our review includes a synthesis of recent and unpublished observations on upstream effects of large dams on migratory fauna and an analysis of patterns in free crest spillway discharge across Puerto Rican reservoirs. Analyses suggest that large dams with rare spillway discharge cause near, not complete, extirpation of upstream populations of migratory fauna. They also suggest several management and conservation issues in need of further research and consideration. These include research on the costs, benefits and effectiveness of simple fish/shrimp passage designs involving simulating spillway discharge and the appropriateness of establishing predatory fishes in reservoirs of historically fishless drainages. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Does the River Continuum Concept apply on a tropical island? Longitudinal variation in a Puerto Rican stream
We examined whether a tropical stream in Puerto Rico matched predictions of the River Continuum Concept (RCC) for macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups (FFGs). Sampling sites for macroinvertebrates, basal resources, and fishes ranged from headwaters to within 2.5 km of the fourth-order estuary. In a comparison to a model temperate system where RCC predictions generally held, we used catchment area as a measure of stream size in order to examine truncated RCC predictions (i.e., cut off to correspond to the largest stream size sampled in Puerto Rico). Despite dominance of generalist freshwater shrimps, which use more than one feeding mode, RCC predictions held for scrapers, shredders, and predators. Collector-filterers showed a trend opposite that predicted by the RCC, but patterns in basal resources suggest that this is consistent with the central RCC theme: longitudinal distributions of FFGs follow longitudinal patterns in basal resources. Alternatively, the filterer pattern may be explained by fish predation affecting distributions of filter-feeding shrimp. Our results indicate that the RCC generally applies to running waters on tropical islands. However, additional theoretical and field studies across a broad array of stream types should examine whether the RCC needs to be refined to reflect the potential influence of top-down trophic controls on FFG distributions. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Effects of a tropical stream poisoning: do they reflect effects of small-scale experiments?
Small-scale experiments in tropical streams have suggested that freshwater shrimps play a critical role in determining the quality and quantity of benthic organic matter and overall nutrient dynamics. We quantified the effects of a whole-reach shrimp poisoning event in the Sonadora, a second-order stream draining the Luquillo Experimental Forest in northeastern Puerto Rico. The illegal poisoning (for shrimp harvest) caused massive mortality of shrimps and aquatic insects. Atyid and xiphocaridid shrimp abundances in pools of the poisoned reach were reduced by ~95%, relative to abundances in an upstream reference reach. A survey of poisoned vs. reference pools, combined with a manipulative experiment (in which atyid and xiphocaridid shrimps were added to 3 poisoned pools), showed that reduced shrimp abundances due to the poisoning had strong impacts on benthic resources. The benthos of poisoned pools, where shrimp abundances were reduced, had 4 times more chlorophyll a, 6 times more algal biovolume, 4 times more fine particulate organic matter, 14 times more fine particulate inorganic matter, 5 times more carbon, and 4 times more nitrogen than did the benthos of pools in the reference reach. These increases in benthic resources were consistent with increases in algae, organic/inorganic matter, and nutrients in previous small-scale shrimp exclusion experiments conducted in the study river and tributaries. Effects of shrimp poisoning on the benthos varied by habitat, with riffles showing fewer significant differences than did pools. Compared to reference riffles, poisoned riffles had higher standing stocks of fine particulate inorganic matter, nitrogen, and biovolume of filamentous algae, and lower epilithic C:N ratios. Overall, previous small-scale exclusion experiments were highly predictive of the direction of effects due to large-scale shrimp removal by poisoning. Our study provides a tropical data set to add to the short list of stream studies that examine the pred
Fig. 4 in Environmental assessment in tropical streams by using abundance-biomass curves and W index in fish assemblages
Fig. 4. Spearman correlation (ρ = -0.68; p = 0.02) between W and PCoA1, Pirapó River basin, Maringá City, Paraná state, Brazil (White squares, urban streams; black Diamond, rural streams)(1, RibeirÃo Maringá; 2, Miosótis; 3, Mandacaru; 4, Roseira; 5, Granada; 6, Lombo; 7, ZaÚna; 8, Remo; 9, Romeira; 10, Água QueÇaba).
Fig. 2 in Environmental assessment in tropical streams by using abundance-biomass curves and W index in fish assemblages
Fig. 2. Ordination of two aXes generated by the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) applied to the environmental data of Urban (white squares) and Rural streams (black diamond) of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil (1, RibeirÃo Maringá; 2, Miosótis; 3, Mandacaru; 4, Roseira; 5, Granada; 6, Lombo; 7, ZaÚna; 8, Remo; 9, Romeira; 10, Água QueÇaba).
Fig. 3 in Environmental assessment in tropical streams by using abundance-biomass curves and W index in fish assemblages
Fig. 3. Accumulation curves of abundance (white circles) and biomass (black circles) to show the ABC method and values of W indeX for fish assemblages sampled in the streams of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. Negative values of W suggest environmentally stressed (following WARWICK & CLARKE, 1994) ecosystems, and positive values indicate not stressed environments.
Fig. 1 in Environmental assessment in tropical streams by using abundance-biomass curves and W index in fish assemblages
Fig. 1. Streams sampled in Maringá (PR), South Brazil: 1, RibeirÃo Maringá (51°58'8.00"W/ 23°22'28.09"S); 2, Miosótis (51°55'52.29"W/23°20'39.82"S); 3, Mandacaru (51°56'49.16"W/ 23°23'5.01"S); 4, Roseira (51°54'50.45"W/ 23°21'2.26"S); 5, Granada (51°45'39.95"W/ 23°18'5.26"S); 6, Lombo (51°58'7.07"W/ 23°18'49.53"S); 7, ZaÚna (51°50'55.11"W/ 23°23'41.99"S); 8, Remo (52°1'0.75"W/ 23°21'27.09"S); 9, Romeira (51°58'9.55"W/ 23°21'40.40"S); 10, Água QueÇaba (51°53'28.78"W/ 23°19'22.24"S). White circles represent rural streams; black circles represent urban streams; gray area is the urban perimeter; and dark gray are forest fragments.
Fig. 1 in Environmental constraints structuring fish assemblages in riffles: evidences from a tropical stream
Fig. 1. Biplot of the Redundancy Analysis (RDA) of the reduced environmental model with species abundance (a) and trophic composition (b) as response variable. The first two axes of the RDA explained 92.4% of the speciesenvironment relationship and 98.1% of the trait-environment relationship. Species: Aspsp - Aspidoras sp.; Cetihe - Cetopsorhamdia cf. iheringi; Impsch - Imparfinis schubarti; Phesp - Phenacorhamdia sp.; Hypsp - Hypostomus sp.; Harpun - Harttia punctata; Apamac - Apareiodon machrisi; Chazeb - Characidium zebra; Crebri - Creagrutus britskii; Knocha - Knodus cf. chapadae.
Figure 4 in TEMPORAL PARTITIONING OF CHIRONOMIDAE EMERGENCE IN AN INSULAR, TROPICAL RAINFOREST STREAM Abstract
Figure 4. Monthly emergence of abundant Tanypodinae taxa (>1% of total abundance). Shaded area indicates dry season.
Figure 7 in TEMPORAL PARTITIONING OF CHIRONOMIDAE EMERGENCE IN AN INSULAR, TROPICAL RAINFOREST STREAM Abstract
Figure 7. Dissimilarities (Bray-Curtis) between monthly samples of emerging Chironomidae for (a) Quebrada Prieta (USA; Puerto Rico) and (b) Kalengo River (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Grey circles are individual paired months and black circles are the average dissimilarities of all pairs of samples separated by the same number of months.
Figure 3 in TEMPORAL PARTITIONING OF CHIRONOMIDAE EMERGENCE IN AN INSULAR, TROPICAL RAINFOREST STREAM Abstract
Figure 3. Monthly total abundance (a) and taxa richness (b) of emerging Chironomidae from Quebrada Prieta. Shaded area indicates dry season.
Figure 1 in TEMPORAL PARTITIONING OF CHIRONOMIDAE EMERGENCE IN AN INSULAR, TROPICAL RAINFOREST STREAM Abstract
Figure 1. Average monthly water temperature (a) and rainfall (b) from stations near the sample site on Quebrada Prieta. Circles are average values of water temperature (1983-2018) and rainfall (1975-2021) with error bars representing standard deviation. Grey bars are data for February 1990 through January 1991. Water temperature data are from a downstream station in Quebrada Sonadora (McDowell 2021) and rainfall data are from the El Verde Field Station (Ramirez 2021).
Figure 6 in TEMPORAL PARTITIONING OF CHIRONOMIDAE EMERGENCE IN AN INSULAR, TROPICAL RAINFOREST STREAM Abstract
Figure 6. Monthly emergence of abundant Chironominae taxa (>1% of total abundance). Shaded area indicates dry season.
Figure 5 in TEMPORAL PARTITIONING OF CHIRONOMIDAE EMERGENCE IN AN INSULAR, TROPICAL RAINFOREST STREAM Abstract
Figure 5. Monthly emergence of abundant Orthocladiinae taxa (>1% of total abundance). Shaded area indicates dry season.
Spatiotemporal variability of stable isotopes in precipitation and stream water in a high elevation tropical catchment in the Central Andes of Colombia
<p>Stable isotopes data set for the manuscript "Spatio-temporal variability of stable isotopes in precipitation and stream water of a high elevation tropical catchment in the Central Andes of Colombia".</p> <p>Data also used by Andrés Tangarife-Escobar for the thesis "Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of stable isotopes and their driving factors in the Upper Claro River Basin, Colombian Andes" to obtain the title of MSc in "Tropical Hydrogeology and Environmental Engineering" at the Technische Universität Darmstadt (Germany) in 2019. </p> <p>Samples collected by Jorge Ceballos from IDEAM (Colombia) and analyzed by the Servicio Geologico Colombiano. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Riparian forests and macroinvertebrates support multiple ecosystem processes across temperate and tropical streams
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Methane concentrations and fluxes in agricultural and preserved tropical headwater streams
Tropical streams have been intensively impacted by agricultural activities. Among the most important agricultural activities in Brazil, sugarcane production represents a large impact for economic development and for environmental conditions. Permeating sugarcane fields, several headwater streams can be affected by sugarcane cultivation, in special, aquatic biogeochemical cycles because of the deforestation, fertilization, crop residues and higher temperatures in the tropics. In this study, we analyzed the effects of sugarcane cultivation on methane fluxes and concentrations, assuming that carbon cycles are influenced by agricultural activities in headwater streams. Our study aimed to (1) measure methane fluxes and concentrations in tropical streams located in Southeastern Brazil, (2) Analyze whether seasonal cycles influence methane fluxes and concentrations, (3) Evaluate the influence of sugarcane cultivation on methane fluxes and (4) Analyze the association between water chemistry in the methane concentrations in tropical streams. We found mean fluxes of CH4 of 0.280 mmol m-2 d-1, with higher fluxes during the summer and in streams draining preserved catchments. The average CH4 concentrations were 0.695 µmol L-1, with higher values during the summer and in streams draining preserved catchments. Methane concentrations in the studied streams was influenced by dissolved oxygen (negatively), dissolved organic carbon (negatively), water velocity (positively) and conductivity (negatively). Methane concentrations were significantly higher than concentrations found in Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands and similar to concentrations found in other tropical biomes (excluding Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests which receives large amounts of organic inputs). We conclude that sugarcane influence methane concentrations and fluxes in tropical streams by reducing the organic matter availability provided by the native vegetation in soil and water.
Forest conversion to oil palm compresses food chain length in tropical streams
<b>Description: </b><p>Fish stable isotope data associated with the paper in Ecology. This includes bulk and compound specific stable isotope raw data for fish at 17 streams over 2 sampling years, across a land use gradient</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/57"><b>Composition and abundance of tropical freshwater vertebrate communities across a land use gradient</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>Sime Darby Foundation (NA, NA)</li><li>Royal Geographic Society (RGS-IBG , PRA 01/16)</li><li>Royal Society (NA, NAF\R2\180791)</li><li>Singapore Ministry of Education (AcRF Tier 1 grant, R-154-000-A32-114)</li><li>Landmark Trust (Landmark Trust Futures Scheme , NA)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3974971">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: Fish_SIA_data2.xlsx</p><p><b>Fish_SIA_data2.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>SIA_data</b> (described in worksheet Data)</p><p>Description: raw stable isotope fish data </p><p>Number of fields: 13</p><p>Number of data rows: 202</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Date</b>: Date of sampling at each stream (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Which stream was sampled (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Landuse</b>: Landuse of the stream sampled (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Species sampled (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>SIA</b>: Was bulk or compound specific SIA used (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>d15N_GLU</b>: d15N value of glutamic acid (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d15N_PHE</b>: d15N value of phenylalanine (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C_ILE</b>: d13C value of Isoleucine (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C_LEU</b>: d13C value of Leucine (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C_PHE</b>: d13C value of phenylalanine (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C_VAL</b>: d13C value of Valine (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>D15N</b>: D15N (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>D13C</b>: D13C (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2015-03-01 to 2017-05-30</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5770 to 4.9613</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.4441 to 117.8053</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Actinopterygii <br> -  -  -  -  Cypriniformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cyprinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Luciosoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Luciosoma pelligrinii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora pycnopeza</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nematabramis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nematabramis everetti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hampala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hampala sabana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Puntius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Puntius sealei</i> (as synonym: <i>Barbodes sealei</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  Siluriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Clariidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Clarias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Clarias anfractus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bagridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus baramensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Perciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Channidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Channa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Channa striata</i> <br></div><p></p>
Data-base for : 'Partitioning carbon sources between wetland and well-drained ecosystems to a tropical first-order stream - Implications to carbon cycling at the watershed scale (Nyong, Cameroon)'
<p>Dataset of carbon (pCO2, TA, DIC, DOC, POC) and ancillary parameters (water temperature, oxygen saturation, pH, specific conducitivity) in ground and surface waters of the Nyong watershed (Cameroon). The dataset covers one entire year (in 2016) and thus allows describing the varability of carbon and ancillary paramaters concentrations induced by seasons.</p>
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